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Topic: Georgian grammar

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Georgian verb paradigm

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	Georgian language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Georgian is the most important of the South Caucasian languages, a family that also includes Svan and Megrelian (chiefly spoken in Northwest Georgia) and Laz (chiefly spoken along the Black Sea coast of Turkey, from Melyat, Rize to the Georgian frontier).
		Georgian Paleography, Tbilisi, 1949, 500 pp (in Georgian)
		The Georgian Asomtavruli, Tbilisi, 1980, 600 pp (in Georgian)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Georgian_language (1835 words)

	Georgian grammar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Georgian syntax and verb agreement are those of a nominative-accusative language.
		However, Georgian case morphology (that is, the declension of nouns using case marks) does not always coincide with the syntactic alignment.
		In Georgian, the classification of verbs according to the agentive or patientive nature of their subject has to do with performing an action, regardless of whether the subject is in control or not.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Georgian_grammar (4162 words)

	Georgian language
		Georgian (also Kartvelian; Kartuli in Georgian) is the official language of Georgia, a republic in the Caucasus.
		Georgian is the primary language of 4,150,000 people in Georgia itself (90% of the population), and of another 2.5 million people abroad (chiefly in Turkey and Russia, with smaller communities in Iran and Azerbaijan).
		Georgian Paleography, Tbilisi, 1949, 500 pp (in Georgian)\n* Ramaz Pataridze.
	encyclopedia.codeboy.net /wikipedia/g/ge/georgian_language.html (731 words)

	Georgian
		Georgian is also the liturgical language for all members of the Georgian Orthodox church.
		The Georgian literary language went through three periods in its development: the Old Georgian period (5th-12th centuries), was characterized by religious content; the Medieval Georgian period (12th - 18th century) produced a number of epics; the Modern Georgian period that started in the 18th century was the beginning of the Georgian renaissance.
		Georgian is the literary language for speakers of Svan, Laz, and Mingrelian.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/march/Georgian.html (683 words)

	NATO Research Fellowships 1994-1996
		Georgian secular literature of the 12th-13th centuries manifests early impulses of Renaissance thinking, providing important material for the study of the geographical and chronological boundaries of the inception of Renaissance culture.
		Translations of Georgian literary works into East-European languages are chiefly made from the Russian: scholarly studies on Georgian literature are also translated largely from the Russian or written on the basis of Russian-language studies: in encyclopedias the studies on Georgian literature are translated in the main from the Russian.
		According to the extant evidence, the Georgian kings: Konstantine II (end of the 15th cent.), Simon I (second half of the 16th cent.) and Teimuraz I (first half of the 18th cent.) sent their ambassadors to various countries of Europe, especially to the Pope and the Spanish royal court with letters asking for help.
	www.nato.int /acad/fellow/94-96/elguja/02.htm (7955 words)

	The History of Written Language
		According to historical sources, the Georgian alphabet was created in the III century B.C. during the reign of the King Parnavaz.
		These are inscriptions made on the Georgian church built in 430 by Petre Iberi in Juda desert (near Beth-lehem), and inscriptions on the Bolnisi Sioni temple in 495.
		In 1629 Georgian type was cast in moulds in Rome for the first time and it was then that in 1629 "Georgian-Italian Dictionary" and "Georgian alphabet with prayers", compiled by Stephano Paolini and Nikiphore Irbach (Cholokashvili) were printed.
	members.tripod.com /ggdavid/georgia/language/bookhist.htm (418 words)

	Georgian
		Georgian is spoken primarily in Georgia, the newly independent nation, situated in the Caucasus mountains, and bordering Turkey and the Black Sea.
		Georgian belongs to the Caucasian family of languages, which are unique among the rest of the world's languages, but since these languages have been grouped more on the basis of geography than linguistics, it is questionable whether any of the other Caucasian languages are actually related to it.
		The origin of the beautiful Georgian alphabet is obscure, but it is known to have been invented in the 5th century.
	thor.prohosting.com /~linguist/georgian.htm (349 words)

	ipedia.com: Georgian language Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Georgian is the official language of Georgia, a republic in the Caucasus.
		Georgian is the primary language of 4,150,000 people in Georgia itself, a...
		Georgian is the most important of the South Caucasian languages, a family that also includes Svan and Megrelian (chiefly spoken in Northwest Georgia) and Laz (chiefly spoken along the Black Sea coast of Turkey, from Trabzon to the Georgian frontier).
	www.ipedia.com /georgian_language.html (455 words)

	Alphabets - Babel Babble - UniLang
		This is the main argument to prove that the initial model for the Georgian alphabet must have been the Greek alphabet.
		Georgian is written from left to right in horizontal lines.
		Georgian has no symbols for numerals, instead each letter has a numerical value as well as a phonological one.
	home.unilang.org /bb/index.php?n=6&t=7 (606 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Georgian linguist and philologist, who laid the foundations of modern scholarly research of the Georgian language and languages related to Georgian.
		Son of a poor villager, he studied at the Patersbourgh University, returning in 1917 to Georgia to become one of the founders of The Tbilisi University.
		He was the head of the Chair of Georgian language of the University for nearly seven decades.
	www.itic.org.ge /asf/gverdi.htm (207 words)

	Georgian Grammar
		Georgian has no word for the,a or an.
		Georgian has postpositions, where words like 'in', 'at' and 'behind' come after the noun and not before it as in English.
		They generally take dative or genitive endings and most are joined to the word itself.
	thor.prohosting.com /~linguist/media/georggrammar.htm (174 words)

	Georgian Language Phrase Book: How To Speak Georgian (nearly) like a native!
		Survival Georgian is a Georgian language phrase book for speakers of English.
		Survival Georgian is over 100 pages of practical words and phrases in the Georgian language, organized by topics such as "Requests", "Time", "Places" and "Emergencies".
		The Georgian Association in the USA, Inc. is a 75 year-old national non-profit corporation whose mission is to strengthen and support the Georgian-American community on a national level and to support an independent, democratic and prosperous Georgia.
	www.survivalgeorgian.com (370 words)

	Georgian Bibliography
		Aronson (1990) is a pedagogical grammar aimed at those wishing to acquire a reading knowledge of the language.
		It is ideal for those with a basic knowledge of the grammar of the language.
		All Georgian text in Awde and Khitarishvili (1997) is rendered using a transliteration scheme based on English.
	www.armazi.demon.co.uk /georgian/unicode/georgian_bibliography.htm (1738 words)

	Theology: Perkins Chapel 1999 Renovation
		The renovation of 48-year-old Perkins Chapel was guided by the need to ensure the chapel's usefulness as a place of worship for a variety of religious and liturgical traditions, education for the seminary, and public service for the community, while maintaining its historical, architectural and theological integrity.
		Consistent with its Georgian attributes and modified basilican plan, the renovated sanctuary is secured by a chancel of great stability in which all elements support the central action of liturgy-the sacred work of the people.
		The central Christian symbol of the cross, crafted of beveled molding and covered in gold leaf, completes the chancel and serves as the visual genesis for the architectural trim throughout the sanctuary.
	www.smu.edu /theology/chapel/renovation.html (649 words)

	Origins of Apparent Violations of the "No Phrase" Constraint in Modern Georgian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In Georgian, in structures of the kind in (32b) and (33b), the case marker of the elided head attaches to the modifier that remains.
		These facts suggest that while normative grammar may give the impression that in some instances a second case may be omitted in the first of two conjoined constituents, for many speakers this is not true.
		If the Georgian case markers were clitics, we might expect uniformity of the base, such as es-i or am-i for the nominative of the proximate pronoun, am-ma for its narrative case, and am-s for its dative.
	linguistic-discovery.dartmouth.edu /webobjbin/WebObjects/Journals.woa/1/xmlpage/1/article/141?htmlOnce=yes (6310 words)

	The Georgian Script
		The famous Georgian linguist and author of the Georgian Grammar Ak’ak’i Shanidze suggested to revive Mrglovani (Asomtavruli) and use it for capital letters in the Modern Georgian script (Mkhedruli), but this attempt did not give any result.
		The script used in the Georgian state before the creation of the Georgian alphabet must have been Greek and Aramaic (inscriptions have been found in Armazi, near the old capital of Georgia, Mtskheta).
		In its place the creator of Georgian alphabet put the letter expressing the sound that has not been phoneme in Georgian but did existed in Georgian as a positional variant (allophone) of -i in some positions (these positions will be described in the part on phonology).
	www.ling.lu.se /education/homepages/georgian/DEMO/INTR3/IntroScript.html (1796 words)

	Abkhazia.Org - Forum
		One of my superiors recently asked me to write a new grammar of Georgian, which should be published in about 5 years in Holland in a new series devoted to oriental languages; and I was already gathering material for a grammar of Mingrelian.
		It will then become as clear to the Georgians as it already is to me that what took place in Abkhazia from 1933 represents an exact reflection of the politics of russification that were attempted throughout Georgia as a whole by Tsarist Russia in the 19th century.
		But the reconciliation of the Abkhazians with the Georgians will not be realised, unless I persuade you Georgians of another painful fact, namely that the Abkhazians do not consider it necessry for them to learn Georgian, and this too is for me quite natural.
	www.abkhazia.org /discus/messages/12/44.html?MondayJanuary2120020401pm (1530 words)

	Amazon.com: Georgian: A Reading Grammar: Books: Howard I. Aronson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Georgian: A Learner's Grammar (Routledge Grammars) by B.
		Professor Hewitt's big grammar being unfortunately a masterpiece of chaos, Aronson's work may well aspire to the rank of best linguistic reference for the georgian language in english: any advanced student will wish to have it at hand for comparison.
		No familiarity with the Georgian alphabet is assumed, so the book begins by introducing the alphabet letter-by-letter, with a description of the sound and (very helpfully) a stroke-by-stroke depiction of how to write it.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0893572071?v=glance (1016 words)

	Find out more about the Georgian language, Georgian food, recipes, spices and gifts. Learn about Georgian people, ...
		This is the little known story of Georgian soldiers during WWII who were held prisoner by the Germans on the Dutch island of Texel.
		Georgian food is amazing, and reading about it will help to prepare you for the trip.
		This is my favorite Georgian cookbook; in addition to delicious and authentic recipes, the author includes sections on Georgian history and customs as they relate to food.
	www.survivalgeorgian.com /links.html (724 words)

	GEORGIAN LINKASTIC
		Saint Gregory of Khandzta and the Georgian National Revival.
		The Georgian Athonites- Adventues of John Tornik,the soldier-monk; Building of Iverion monastery and...(web page is not ready yet...)
		Besiki Stvilia collects essays on Georgian History and images of the country.
	www.angelfire.com /ga/Georgian/link.html (386 words)

	ABKHAZIA.ORG - Plausible Mendacity
		The website of the Georgian Parliament has recently added an article entitled "Russia's Role in the Georgian-Abkhazian Conflict," which seeks to portray all Georgian activity within Abkhazia over the 130 years since the exodus to Ottoman lands of the bulk of the indigenous Abkhazian population as entirely benign.
		The first crucial point to note is that the Georgian article itself inadvertently admits something that their propaganda machine has long been desperately trying to deny, namely that Georgia and Abkhazia were, until relatively recently, two independent countries.
		Now, Mingrelian is a sister-language to Georgian, as are Svan and Laz, and the remaining perhaps under 10% of the above figure was made up Svans, Georgians, and a very few Laz, who largely live in their ancestral homeland in modern-day Turkey.
	www.abkhazia.org /reply.html (1878 words)

	Amazon.com: Georgian: A Learner's Grammar (Routledge Grammars): Books: B. G. Hewitt,George Hewitt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The first learner's grammar of this complex and fascinating language to appear for many years, Georgian is a comprehensive self-study text for all learners.
		Along the same lines, the transcription he uses for Georgian was confusing in comparison with the way Georgian is "normally" transcribed (why use an "x" for the unvoiced velar fricative, which is much more commonly transcribed as "kh," for instance?).
		Georgian is unquestionably a difficult language for a lot of reasons.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0415102731?v=glance (1934 words)

	[No title]
		According to the editor, the idea behind the symposium that gave rise to the publication was to analyze the concepts of ‘old languages’ and ‘old language stages’.
		Old Georgian is another ‘classical’ language which has had a strong influence on the development of cultural consciousness and literary norms.
		A better overview of ‘Early Georgian’ grammar is found in Kevin Tuite’s contribution to Woodard (2004).
	email.eva.mpg.de /~wichmann/Stolz.doc (1253 words)

	Journey to Sakartvelo (Georgia)
		Caucasians themselves are reportedly quick at learning other languages, suggesting that the complexity of their languages and the ability to preserve a language within a very small community is explained not only by geographic isolation but by genetic factors too.
		Christianity was adopted very early by the Georgians and by 350 a.D. it had become the religion of the state.
		The Georgian church is autokephalos, having its own patriarch and being subject to no foreign religious authority.
	volker.nannen.com /georgia/information.html (1398 words)

	Training of the Georgian Language
		An introductory grammar of the Georgian language, presenting the language in the form of grammatical descriptions supplemented with dialogues as reading passages.
		The passages in the book have been selected from modern and classical Georgian publications and the text is recorded on the cassettes.
		In addition to the dictionary and phrasebook, basic grammar and pronunciation guides are included, as well as maps and a reading list.
	members.tripod.com /ggdavid/georgia/language/refbooks.htm (284 words)

	CV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Vnebiti kartulši [The Passive in Georgian], Macne (a journal of the Georgian Academy of Sciences, USSR) 3: 109-16.
		Georgian and the Unaccusative Hypothesis, Language 58: 290-306.
		From Ergative to Active in Georgian, Papers from the Second Conference on the Non-Slavic Languages of the USSR, edited by Howard I. Aronson and Bill J. Darden, 191-205.
	www.vanderbilt.edu /AnS/Germanic-Slavic/german/Harris/cv.htm (1272 words)

	World Culinary Institute
		An outline description of the Georgian language written for those with a basic knowledge of linguistic concepts and interested in learning more about the Kartvelian literary language.
		Standing Freisian, Clydesdale, Percheron and Saddlebred stallions used on the farm's Saddlebred and Thoroughbred mares to produce crossbreds and Georgian Grandes.
		Georgian Court College is a Catholic, four year liberal arts college for women, also offering a coeducational evening division and a coeducational graduate school, open to students of all faiths.
	www.worldculinaryinstitute.com /cgi-bin/odp/index.cgi?search=georgian&mode=searchbox (394 words)

	SOAS:
		The course introduces to those who have completed their grammatical study of Modern Georgian by way of comparison and contrast the language as attested in the old manuscripts.
		The course is a compulsory third-year component of the BA programmes that have Georgian as the minor subject.
		The main textbook will be Akaki Shanidze's 1976 Old Georgian Grammar (in Georgian), a German translation of which was published by Heinz Faehnrich, whose own 1994 Grammatik der altgeorgischen Sprache can also be used as a supplement.
	www.soas.ac.uk /studying/coursedetail.cfm?coursesunitsid=782 (183 words)

	Project on Endangered Languages in South Caucasus: UNESCO-CI
		In addition to capturing cultural relevant material (folklore, traditions and belief, history, etc), the sound recordings will also seek to demonstrate the full auditory range of these languages including peculiarities of pronunciation and expression.
		The overall objective of this project is to promote the access to the cultural heritage of both groups and the improvement of the inter-cultural dialogue and relationships between these two language communities.
		Designed for Georgian readers and will include an Abkhazian-Georgian dictionary (3000 words and 250 pages) and an Abkhazian grammar manual written in Georgian.
	portal.unesco.org /ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=16588&URL_DO=DO_PRINTPAGE&URL_SECTION=201.html (578 words)

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