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Topic: Georgian language

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Georgian is the primary language of about 3.9 million people in Georgia itself (83 percent of the population), and of another 500,000 abroad (chiefly in Turkey, Iran, Russia, USA and Europe).
		Georgian is the most pervasive of the South Caucasian languages, a family that also includes Svan and Megrelian (chiefly spoken in Northwest Georgia) and Laz (chiefly spoken along the Black Sea coast of Turkey, from Melyat, Rize to the Georgian frontier).
		Georgian is a post-positional language, meaning that adpositions are placed after (rather than before) the nouns they modify, either as suffixes or as separate words.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Georgian_language (1807 words)

	Georgian Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Georgian is predominantly spoken in the republic of Georgia on the Black Sea coast in South Caucasus.
		Georgian is the main language of the South Caucasian (or Kartvelian) group, that also includes Svan, Megrelian and Laz (the closely related Megrelian and Laz are by some authors referred to as the two branches of the Zan language (Kiziria 1964)).
		Georgian is the literary language of the Georgians proper, the Megrelians and the Svans.
	webzone.imer.mah.se /projects/georgianV04/DEMO/GeoLINK/Intro2.html (812 words)

	Georgian language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Georgian is the primary language of about 3.9 million people in Georgia itself (83 percent of the population), and of another 500,000 abroad (chiefly in Turkey, Iran, Russia, USA and Europe).
		Georgian Paleography, Tbilisi, 1949, 500 pp (in Georgian)
		The Georgian Asomtavruli, Tbilisi, 1980, 600 pp (in Georgian)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Georgian_language (1951 words)

	NATO Research Fellowships 1994-1996
		Georgian secular literature of the 12th-13th centuries manifests early impulses of Renaissance thinking, providing important material for the study of the geographical and chronological boundaries of the inception of Renaissance culture.
		Translations of Georgian literary works into East-European languages are chiefly made from the Russian: scholarly studies on Georgian literature are also translated largely from the Russian or written on the basis of Russian-language studies: in encyclopedias the studies on Georgian literature are translated in the main from the Russian.
		From 1946 the eminent Georgian linguist Kita Chkhenkeli taught the Georgian language at Zurich University.
	www.nato.int /acad/fellow/94-96/elguja/02.htm (7955 words)

	Georgian
		Georgian is spoken by 4.1 million people mainly in the Republic of Georgia where it is the official language (Ethnologue).
		Georgian is the literary language for speakers of Svan, Laz, and Mingrelian.
		Georgian is considered to be a Category II language in terms of difficulty for speakers of English.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/march/Georgian.html (726 words)

	Georgian
		Georgian is spoken primarily in Georgia, the newly independent nation, situated in the Caucasus mountains, and bordering Turkey and the Black Sea.
		Georgian belongs to the Caucasian family of languages, which are unique among the rest of the world's languages, but since these languages have been grouped more on the basis of geography than linguistics, it is questionable whether any of the other Caucasian languages are actually related to it.
		The origin of the beautiful Georgian alphabet is obscure, but it is known to have been invented in the 5th century.
	thor.prohosting.com /~linguist/georgian.htm (349 words)

	[No title]
		Georgian research institutes, however, still cannot independently use their own scientific or economic innovations, and are hindered in making use of them in joint ventures with Western scholars or firms.
		Such a view of Georgian Orthodoxy was later adopted by Georgian Mensheviks and the government of independent Georgia (1918-1921), although it allowed preparations to restore the Georgian patriarchate and the church's resumption of worship in the Georgian language.
		Several hundred thousand Georgians came not only from the city of Tbilisi but also from the countryside to express through peaceful demonstration their wish to be rid of the Communist government.
	www.angelfire.com /ga/Georgian/history.html (4112 words)

	Georgian Alphabet
		The contemporary Georgian script is known as mkhedruli ('military') in contrast to the earlier khutsuri ('ecclesiastical') script.
		The oldest surviving examples of mkhedruli date from the 11-12th centuries, and it may well be that the script was a development of a cursive form of khutsuri.
		Georgian handwriting can often be a little difficult to read, not least because of the number of ligatures used.
	members.tripod.com /ggdavid/georgia/language/anbani.htm (186 words)

	Georgian Language
		Georgian: Official language of the Republic of Georgia.
		Georgian Alphabet: The Mkhedruli (means "warrior") alphabet developed from an older Georgian alphabet known as Nushka-khucuri between the 11th and 13th centuries.
		Georgian Standardization Efforts: The rules have been adopted by the Transcription Group (headed by Ivane Gigineishvili) of the Georgian Encyclopedia in collaboration with experts in respective languages, and have been confirmed by the Governmental Commission for Standardization of Modern Literary Georgian (now the State Language Commission attached to the Georgian Presidency).
	www.online-languagetranslators.com /georgian_language.htm (253 words)

	Georgian: Verbal Syntax and Ergativity
		The Caucasian language family is one of the most significant in terms of European ergative language groups; most of its members have some form of ergativity inherent to their syntax and structure, and offer interesting cases of study since they have been fairly well-documented and are still readily accessible to field workers.
		Georgian morphology is highly inflected, mainly in verbs and adjectives, although nouns are also marked for case and number.
		Although Georgian nouns are marked for case and number, there are several different sets of zero morphemes; this often makes it necessary to refer to the encoding markers on the verb to determine the case of the nouns involved.
	www.nthuleen.com /papers/L12paper.html (1666 words)

	Monotype: Non Latin Font
		Georgian has no feature corresponding to the distinction of upper and lower case.
		Even though the basic order of Georgian characters is based on the Greek alphabet, the order differs wherever there is a need for a Georgian symbol with no equivalent in Greek.
		Besides the various dialects of the Georgian language, Georgian script was at one time used to write Abkhaz and other languages of the Caucasus.
	www.monotypefonts.com /Library/Non-Latin-Library.asp?show=info&lan=georgian (353 words)

	About Georgia : Language and Alphabet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Georgian is spoken by approximately four million people, mainly in the Republic of Georgia where it is the official language.
		Georgian is a member of South Caucasian (or Kartvelian) branch of the Caucasian language family which is spoken in the area between the Black and Caspian Seas.
		The language distinguishes eight nominal cases (nominative, ergative, accusative/dative, genitive, instrumental, adverbial, ablative, and locative) in one declension, and marks singular and plural by a suffix on nouns preceding the case marker.
	www.aboutgeorgia.net /language (650 words)

	Georgian Translation Services - Translators English/Georgian
		Georgian to English Translations - Experienced bi-lingual translators and proofreaders with extensive experience and a confirmed ability to translate effectively from the Georgian language.
		Georgian is spoken in the Republic of Georgia where it is the official language.
		Georgian belongs to the South Caucasian branch of the Caucasian languages which is found in the territory between the Caspian and Black Seas.
	www.greentranslations.com /georgian-translation.html (241 words)

	A Brief History of the Italian Language
		The Georgian language is one of the oldest continuously spoken languages on earth with a rich literary tradition.
		The major characteristics of this Katvelian Language group that distinguishes it from the other groups is that "(a) it possesses a reasonable proportion of consonants to vowels and (b) a comparative complexity within both nominal and verbal morphology" (Hewitt, 4).
		Georgian also has a vocative case which occurs in many Slavic languages-it in fact is identical to the vocative case that exists in Czech.
	linguistics.byu.edu /classes/ling450ch/reports/Georgian1.html (1741 words)

	IRANIAN ELEMENTS IN GEORGIAN LANGUAGE - (The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies - CAIS)©
		Many loanwords became organic parts of the Georgian language and subject to its grammatical rules.
		Georgian sources testify that the bearer of this title held a very high office in the province.
		Abaev, Istoriko-etimologicheskiy slovar' osetinskogo yazyka (Historical-etymological dictionary of the Ossetic language), 4 vols., Moscow and Leningrad, 1958-89.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/Culture/iranian_elements_georgian.htm (2182 words)

	ABKHAZIA.ORG - The Abkhaz Language
		Iranian, Turkish, Kartvelian (Mingrelian and Georgian) and especially Russian influences are present in the vocabulary, particularly in the semantic fields relating to objects and concepts within the sciences and politics.
		This will surely guarantee the survival and indeed strengthening of the language, which represents the only one the two communities share and which will underpin the consolidation of their ethnicity that both seem to desire.
		When the Young Written Languages of the USSR were forced to move to Cyrillic-based scripts in 1936-38, Abkhaz (along with South Ossetic) was compelled to accept a Georgian-based orthography, which lasted until the death of (Georgian) Stalin.
	www.abkhazia.org /lang.html (1249 words)

	Georgian - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Georgian Literature, literature of the inhabitants of the country of Georgia.
		establishment as state language, linguistic classification, literature, number of speakers, origins and development of alphabet
		- language of Georgia: the official language of the Republic of Georgia, belonging to the Kartvelian language family.
	encarta.msn.com /Georgian.html (166 words)

	Learn Georgian Language - Free Conversational Georgian Lessons Online - Common Georgian Words and Phrases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Phrasebase drastically simplifies the language learning process by prioritizing the various components of learning and focusing your study efforts on the areas of greatest importance.
		The key is to immerse yourself in the language and use it as often as possible in order to build up your skills of speaking it and listening to it, understanding and comprehending it...
		Georgian Language Exchange Pen-Pals - Community of people from around the world interested in teaching you their language and sharing their culture with you.
	www.phrasebase.com /learn/georgian.php (1866 words)

	Yamada Language Center: Georgian WWW guide
		Georgian Fonts, Standards, Language, Unicode, Codepages, Windows Localization - great resource for computing and information about the language itself.
		Georgian Language - History, basic phrases and alphabet
		This page is maintained by the Yamada Language Center at the University of Oregon.
	babel.uoregon.edu /yamada/guides/georgian.html (41 words)

	Amazon.ca: Georgian: An Essential Grammar: Books: George Hewitt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Presenting the language in the form of dialogues and reading passages, many of which touch on contemporary Georgian life including politics and minority rights issues, this grammar introduces a colloquial language.
		Georgian is unquestionably a difficult language for a lot of reasons.
		It is an incredibly difficult language, the main problem being the verb, which frequently must agree with the subject, the direct object and the indirect object.
	www.amazon.ca /Georgian-Essential-Grammar-George-Hewitt/dp/0415133246 (1471 words)

	Georgian Computing Information (Penn State)
		Georgian is a Kartvelian (South Caucasian) language from the Republic of Gerogia (or Sakartvelo) and neighboring countries, and has very rich set of consonants.
		Another option is to compose the basic text in an international or foreign languags text editor or word processor and export the content as an HTML or text file with the appropriate encoding.
		Georgian numeric Unicode entity codes can be used for small pieces of text when other methods to not work.
	tlt.its.psu.edu /suggestions/international/bylanguage/georgian.html (855 words)

	Mingrelian1
		The Mingrelian language is one of the four South Caucasian languages.
		According to these decrees the languages of the national minorities shall be used in the production and in primary school teaching.
		Although Mingrelian is still in use as a spoken language in almost all spheres of life by several hundred thousand persons, no books, newspapers or radio programs exist in that language.An overwhelming majority of the population is bilingual in Mingrelian and Georgian.
	www.geocities.com /Tokyo/Fuji/8160/Language/Mingrelian1.htm (1966 words)

	Georgian alphabet (Mkhedruli)
		The Mkhedruli alphabet developed from an older Georgian alphabet known as Nuskha-khucuri between the 11th and 13th centuries.
		However, in the writings of a linguist called Akaki Shanidze (1887-1987) and in works written in his honour, letters from the Asomtavruli alphabet are used to mark proper names and the beginning of sentences.
		The first printed material in the Georgian language, in the Mkhedruli alphabet, was published in 1669.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/georgian2.htm (533 words)

	Language Reference Guide For Georgian
		Articles: There are no articles ('a', 'the') in Georgian, so a Georgian noun may be translated as, for example, ‘friend’, ‘a friend’, or ‘the friend’, as the context requires.
		Georgian, together with its sister languages Megrel and Svan, form the Kartvelian (South Caucasian) language family.
		For client purposes, all material should be translated into Georgian, as this is the common language (spoken and written) for all inhabitants of the Republic.
	www.translationdirectory.com /article997.htm (908 words)

	Georgian language, tourism and culture
		Among its readers are all the accredited embassies in the Georgian capital of Tbilisi, representations to the country, missions, humanitarian organisations, airline passengers, hotel guests, joint ventures and private businessmen.
		Niko Pirosmani is what Georgians are proud about, he was self educated artist, who invented new painting technique not only thanks to his great talent but also out of poverty.
		The Georgian Institute of Democracy has created an electronic library where information about public opinion surveys conducted in the Caucasian region (Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia) are placed.
	www.lonweb.org /link-georgian.htm (1168 words)

	Georgian Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The course is taken in English - Georgian; German - Georgian; French - Georgian languages.
		The Georgians take their origin from Kheto-Iberian tribes inhabiting the territory of Georgia and adjoining south-western land in the 3 rd millennium B.C. Georgian language is one of the oldest languages.
		Its alphabet, one of the fourteen alphabets in the world was created in the 4th-3rd cc B.C. The examples of ancient Georgian written language are discovered not only in Georgia but in 13 churches and monasteries of Jerusalem, Palestine, Egypt and Syria.
	www.tsmu.edu /assa/language-pr.htm (251 words)

	EurasiaNet Civil Society - Language Rights Issue Fuel Discord in Georgia
		Is it because we aren’t Georgian?" fumed Armen Darbinyan, an ethnic Armenian and chairman of the Javakheti Citizens Forum, a non-governmental organization sponsored by the European Center for Minority Issues.
		Georgian government statistics on election registration estimate the number of ethnic Armenians in Akhalkalaki at 95.8 percent of the town’s population of 10,000.
		After Georgian students were brought to Akhalkalaki to study for free, Nairi charged, the number of Armenians studying at the local university dropped to four.
	www.eurasianet.org /departments/civilsociety/articles/eav033006.shtml (1362 words)

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