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Topic: Georgian people

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	Georgian language at AllExperts
		Georgian is the primary language of about 3.9 million people in Georgia itself (83 percent of the population), and of another 200,000 abroad (chiefly in Turkey, Iran, Russia, USA and Europe).
		Georgian is the most important of the South Caucasian languages, a family that also includes Svan and Megrelian (chiefly spoken in Northwest Georgia) and Laz (chiefly spoken along the Black Sea coast of Turkey, from Melyat, Rize to the Georgian frontier).
		The Georgian Asomtavruli, Tbilisi, 1980, 600 pp (in Georgian)
	en.allexperts.com /e/g/ge/georgian_language.htm (2004 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Georgians
		Georgians are a part of the Ibero-Caucasian peoples (იბერიელ-კავკასიელი ხალხები) and are classified in the South Caucasian family ethnically, linguistically and culturally.
		According to the Georgian tradition, the Kingdom of Kartli (known as Iberia in the Greek-Roman literature) was founded around 300 BC by Parnavaz I, the first ruler of the Parnavazid dynasty.
		Georgians like to identify with their own regions but they all share a common sense of strong national unity.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Georgians (2161 words)

	Georgians - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Georgians (Georgian: ქართველი ერი, Kartveli Eri) or ქართველები (Kartvelebi) in the Georgian language) are a nation or an ethnic group, originating in the Caucasus.
		Georgians are a part of the Ibero-Caucasian peoples (იბერიელ-კავკასიელი ხალხები) and are classified in the South Caucasian family both linguistically and culturally.
		Iberians in the eastern Georgian Kingdom of Iberia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Georgian_people (1118 words)

	HISTORY OF IRANIAN-GEORGIAN RELATION - (CAIS) ©
		Decisive for the evolution of the Georgian state was the foundation of the Sasanian Empire in 224.
		Much booty was taken, especially from Georgian churches, and Tahmâsb claimed as his rightful share the wives, daughters, and sons of the nobility, instead of the usual one-fifth of the treasure (Eskandar Beg, I, pp.
		Indeed, by the end of the 16th century the Georgians were threatening to replace the latter, the qezelbâš, as the military aristocracy of the realm.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/History/iranian_georgian_relation.htm (5238 words)

	Georgian Cuisine - CookbookWiki
		Georgians prepare their dishes in the same manner as the Europeans and the people from United States.
		People use vinegar for many sauces and the spices are also frequently added to dishes.
		The person that sits in that privileged place is known under the name of tamada and the criteria that is used when picking someone are the sense of humor and the wisdom.
	www.cookbookwiki.com /Georgian_Cuisine (797 words)

	[No title]
		he Georgian people nowadays define their identity more or less explicitly by four factors: by their language, by their history, and by two features arising from this history-the imprint of belonging for sixteen hundred years to the Georgian Orthodox church, and the reality of occupying for that long their own historic, and even prehistoric, soil.
		Georgian research institutes, however, still cannot independently use their own scientific or economic innovations, and are hindered in making use of them in joint ventures with Western scholars or firms.
		Such a view of Georgian Orthodoxy was later adopted by Georgian Mensheviks and the government of independent Georgia (1918-1921), although it allowed preparations to restore the Georgian patriarchate and the church's resumption of worship in the Georgian language.
	www.angelfire.com /ga/Georgian/history.html (4112 words)

	[No title]
		The Georgian Republic, with a capital city of Tbilisi, was one of the republics of the former USSR.
		The Georgian people were in an incessant struggle for their independence for many centuries against foreign invaders from Persians, Arabs, Mongols, Turks and others.
		The unity and might of the state was destroyed; Georgian people lived in awfully hard conditions and, of course, their cultures declined.
	www.voicesnet.com /VisionsLiteraryJournal09212003ArticleTwo.htm (953 words)

	GEORGIAN FOLK
		Georgian folk singing and dancing are distinguished for their diversity of genre and original style of execution whose traditions were transmitted from one generation to another.
		Erkomaishvili does not only perform and popularize Georgian folk songs and poesies; he is also a researcher with a deep theoretical knowledge, the author of many interesting papers and the compiler of a collection of Georgian folk songs.
		He aims at restoring and developing the ancient elements of Georgian folk dance and the dances he has produced for the stage are noted for their masterly performing technique.
	members.tripod.com /davidtv/id9.html (1077 words)

	On Liberty
		The Georgian Constitution that was adopted in 1995 further developed legal guaranties for human rights and freedoms, including the establishment of the Constitutional Court, which is directly accessible to all citizens.
		Georgian experience shows that teaching democratic values, concepts, and mechanisms to the people through conventional educational tools only -- books, brochures, guides, seminars, lectures, and the like -- is waste of time and resources.
		In the Georgian case, it is extremely difficult to exert pressure on the ruling elites, because they refuse all interaction with the other subject, with the people.
	www.rferl.org /specials/50radioliberty/usupashvili-speech.asp (1846 words)

	Waitrose.com - Georgian Wine - Waitrose Food Illustrated
		When it came to expressing their unique language in written form, Georgians used the shapes of the vine to provide the sinuous, flowing alphabet that is still in use today.
		The first of the foreign invaders to test the Georgians' legendary hospitality were the Ottomans, who stuffed their harems full of the shapely, pale-skinned, dark-eyed Circassian girls.
		Georgians feast regularly and seriously, and Andrea's ancestors have been feasting in the same secluded glade since the 6th century, when a priest named Abraham built a stone chapel in the forest to shelter his flock from invading Persians.
	www.waitrose.com /food_drink/wfi/drinks/wine/9909088.asp (1347 words)

	Iranica.com - GEORGIA ii.
		Much booty was taken, especially from Georgian churches, and T®ahma@sb claimed as his rightful share the wives, daughters, and sons of the nobility, instead of the usual one-fifth of the treasure (Eskandar Beg, I, pp.
		Indeed, by the end of the 16th century the Georgians were threatening to replace the latter, the qezelba@æ, as the military aristocracy of the realm.
		When the Georgian nobles revolted, Teimuraz and his son Erekle, who had fought with Na@der Shah's armies in India in 1737-40, aided the Persians in defeating the rebels.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v10f5/v10f504b.html (5174 words)

	Zviad Gamsakhurdia, Open Letter to Eduard Shevardnadze (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In the center of Tbilisi you have erected the monument for the traitor of the Georgian people, Ordzhonikidze, and in Ozurgeti you erected the monument for the organizer of Ilia Chavchavadze's murder, Philipp Makharadze.
		As a consequence of the robbing of the Georgian exchequer, you are not able to distribute the salaries, pensions and royalties, but the putchists still get premiums for their bloody crimes as the 'fighters for democracy'.
		The execution of the Georgian patriot V.Zvania, the execution of young persons in the so-called 'aero plane case', the execution of the absolutely guiltless priest Teodor Chikhladze, the murder of the journalist Vazha Shamanauri in the hospital for mental diseases of Tbilisi in 1983.
	geocities.com /shavlego/ZG_Letter_SH.htm (6996 words)

	Georgian alphabet (Mkhedruli)
		The Mkhedruli alphabet developed from an older Georgian alphabet known as Nuskha-khucuri between the 11th and 13th centuries.
		However, in the writings of a linguist called Akaki Shanidze (1887-1987) and in works written in his honour, letters from the Asomtavruli alphabet are used to mark proper names and the beginning of sentences.
		The first printed material in the Georgian language, in the Mkhedruli alphabet, was published in 1669.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/georgian2.htm (531 words)

	Learn Georgian Language - Free Conversational Georgian Lessons Online - Common Georgian Words and Phrases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Phrasebase is for people who have limited time to devote to studying and want to maximize the impact of their study efforts.
		People focused on conversational language, the ability to talk, listen and verbally communicate in Georgian with real Georgian people in their native language.
		Georgian Language Exchange Pen-Pals - Community of people from around the world interested in teaching you their language and sharing their culture with you.
	www.phrasebase.com /learn/georgian.php (1866 words)

	Georgian Songs and Music
		Developed over the centuries, the traditions and styles of performance have been handed down from generation to generation by outstanding singers, many of whom founded their own schools and whose memory lives on in the minds of the Georgian people.
		Georgian folk music is one of the most important elements in the treasure house of Georgian spiritual culture, an aural chronicle of Georgia's centuries-old history.
		Georgian folk music, featuring complex, three-part, polyphonic harmonies, has long been a subject of special interest among musicologists.
	ggdavid.tripod.com /georgia/music/index.htm (330 words)

	Reflections on the current state of the Georgian Church and Nation - by Fairy Von Lilienfeld - www.georgianweb.com
		The Georgians, however, were conquered by the Red Army in 1921 and have suffered from the Soviet Russification violently forced upon them for much longer than have the Balts (*5).
		Until recently, no doctor's or candidate's thesis could be defended at a Georgian university or institute; every piece of scholarly research had to be translated into Russian and submitted to Moscow, the theme of the research having been accepted by the center in advance.
		The conclusion that continues to be drawn from this landmark 1989 event in Georgian society is two-sided; the church, and the patriarch personally, were advocating nonviolence in the struggle to come, while at the same time leaders of the right-wing nationalists were continuing to set up their paramilitary partisan fighting groups.
	www.georgianweb.com /history/historia.html (3975 words)

	The Georgian-Abkhazian conflict
		The Georgian nationalist movement that emerged in the 19th century defined the andacute;primordial Georgian territoryandacute; as being that which lay within the borders of the medieval Georgian empire of the 10th-13th centuries.
		Soviet Communist Party General Secretary Joseph Stalin (a Georgian) regarded the Abkhaz as a primitive people who were to be assimilated by the andacute;culturally advancedandacute; Georgians.5 The period from 1931 to the early 1950s was particularly tragic in the history of Abkhazia.
		The mass return of Georgian refugees on which the Georgian leadership insists does not mean a peaceful resolution of the Georgian-Abkhazian conflict but is actually intended to help to create favourable conditions for a new military campaign for the conquest of Abkhazia, and after that of other rebellious regions and peoples in Georgia.
	www.circassianworld.com /Georgian_Abkhazian_Conflict.html (5496 words)

	English to Georgian translation information
		Geographical Location: Georgian (also known as Kartvelian or Kartuli) is the primary language of about 3.9 million people in Georgia itself (83% percent of the population), and of another 200,000 abroad, mainly in Turkey, Iran, Russia, the USA and Europe).
		It is the literary language for all Georgian people, especially those who speak other South Caucasian languages.
		Georgian doesn’t use apostrophes, although other punctuation is similar to English.
	www.a2ztranslate.com /georgiantranslation.asp (289 words)

	Georgia Today on the Web
		These people follow the traditions that they inherited from their ancestors, and the most interesting aspect of this is that they do so without knowing “why”.
		The Turkish exiled Georgians from their historical regions to remote provinces of Turkey, and Turkish people were settled where the Georgians used to be.
		These were Georgian people “who went to the mosque on Friday and to the church on Sunday,” Giviashvili and Koplatadze comment.
	www.georgiatoday.ge /article_details.php?id=910 (1734 words)

	Georgian Translation Services - Translators English/Georgian
		Georgian to English Translations - Experienced bi-lingual translators and proofreaders with extensive experience and a confirmed ability to translate effectively from the Georgian language.
		Georgian is spoken in the Republic of Georgia where it is the official language.
		Georgian belongs to the South Caucasian branch of the Caucasian languages which is found in the territory between the Caspian and Black Seas.
	www.greentranslations.com /georgian-translation.html (241 words)

	Georgian News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Georgian Association objects not to the extension of UNOMIG’s mission, which the Georgian government and the majority of the Georgian people support, but to the distorted information contained in the resolution.
		This is why the Georgian government is asking for the replacement of CIS peacekeepers with an international force.
		This resolution is a step backwards and a disappointment to the Georgian people who have come to expect US government support for its attempt to protect Georgia’s sovereign rights and its citizens in the territory of Abkhazia.
	www.georgianassociation.org /news.htm (433 words)

	Georgia Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Georgian scholars generally agree that the famous cupola structures that dominate Georgian ecclesiastic architecture can be traced to domestic dwellings with circular floor plans that date as far back as the fourth to third millennium BC.
		Georgian literature over the next six centuries was exclusively religious in character, with writers primarily involved with translating biblical and scriptural texts into Georgian.
		The end of the nineteenth, the beginning of the 20th century gave to the Georgian literature such prominent names as Akaki Tsereteli and Ilya Chavchavadze, the latter admitted to be the honour of Georgian literature and culture, who has played the greatest role in the political, social and cultural life of Georgia.
	sangha.net /countries/Georgia/culture.htm (3706 words)

	The Appeal of Georgian Students
		We, the Georgian students currently studying at the graduate level in the United States, are highly alarmed by the recent tensions between Georgia and Russian Federation.
		We, Georgian students call for Russian government to cease its anti-Georgian militaristic rhetoric, double standards, abide by the international law, and concentrate on its internal problems of lawlessness in Chechnya rather than on pursuing short-term political interests in search of the scapegoat to blame for the unsuccessful campaign in Chechnya.
		Finally, we pledge our full support to Georgian Government and especially to Georgian law enforcement bodies in their attempts to eradicate criminal in the region therefore defending the sovereignty, security and national dignity of the Georgian people.
	www.geocities.com /studentappeal/Students.html (1268 words)

	Niko Pirosmani
		On the picture "Georgian Women With Children" a woman holds on a heavy jar of water on her back, little girl and boy, who stops on each step and looks behind, women tries to hold him and keep his pace.
		People from different levels of society used to come to that "dukhans", used to spend there a lot of time eating, chatting and having also business discussions.
		All kinds of people tried to interfere in his work, these were his clients - Dukhan-owners, thinking that they know better what he should paint, who usually payed him only with food, while he was working in their dukhans.
	www.steele.com /pirosmani (2178 words)

	Open Letter to Georgian Parliament
		I believe that the Georgian Parliament has the political courage to choose a dignified peace with Abkhazia as a political alternative to war.
		It is crucial for the Georgian people to elect a parliament that reinforces President Shevardnadze’s commitment to dialogue not dogma.
		The Georgian parliament is at a crossroads as a new election nears.
	www.abkhazia.org /Open_Letter_to_Georgian_Parliament.html (502 words)

	GEORGIAN CUISINE, Besiki Sisauri's Web Site
		Georgia is rich in wines and it has been the pride of Georgian people cultivating it for centuries and loving it as their own children.
		The Georgian dance is distinguished for its aristocratic restraint and steadiness: a man is a knight, a lady is as delicate and gracious as a fairy.
		A toast-master proposes a toast to the Saints patronizing the Georgian people.
	www.angelfire.com /ga/Georgian/cousine.html (2693 words)

	Georgian Songs and Music
		Developed over the centuries, the traditions and styles of performance have been handed down from generation to generation by outstanding singers, many of whom founded their own schools and whose memory lives on in the minds of the Georgian people.
		Georgian folk music is one of the most important elements in the treasure house of Georgian spiritual culture, an aural chronicle of Georgia's centuries-old history.
		Georgian folk music, featuring complex, three-part, polyphonic harmonies, has long been a subject of special interest among musicologists.
	members.tripod.com /ggdavid/georgia/music/index.htm (330 words)

	The Georgian Times on the Web: Comprehensive news site, daily international, national and local news coverage , ...
		Georgian supra is an event deeply rooted in Georgian culture and an elaborate art passed down through generations.
		I found it to be a very interesting phenomenon, since I knew that all of the people sitting at the table had heard those toasts many times before, but they were still [going through the ritual].
		Georgian identity was against Russian identity and in favour of what was perceived as Georgian tradition.
	www.geotimes.ge /index.php?m=home&newsid=1295 (1568 words)

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