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Topic: Geostationary

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geostationary orbit

geostationary satellites

Geostationary transfer orbit

Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget

geostationary satellite system

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	Geostationary orbit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Geostationary orbits are useful because they cause a satellite to appear stationary with respect to a fixed point on the rotating Earth.
		In practice this means that all geostationary satellites have to exist on this ring, which poses problems for satellites needing to be decommissioned at the end of their service life (for example when they run out of thruster fuel).
		A geostationary transfer orbit is used to move a satellite from Low Earth orbit (LEO) into a geostationary orbit.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/geostationary_orbit (699 words)

	Geostationary transfer orbit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) is a Hohmann transfer orbit around the Earth between a low Earth orbit (LEO) and a geostationary orbit (GEO).
		More generally, a geostationary transfer orbit is an intermediate orbit between a LEO and a geosynchronous orbit.
		Once in the GTO, it is usually the satellite itself that performs the conversion to geostationary orbit by firing a rocket at a tangent to the GTO at the apogee.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Geostationary_transfer_orbit (518 words)

	Geostationary orbit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A geostationary orbit (abbreviated GSO) is a circular orbit in the Earth 's equatorialplane, any point on which revolves about the Earth in the same direction and with the same period as the Earth's rotation.
		Geosynchronous orbits and geostationary orbits were first popularised by science fiction author Arthur C. Clarke in 1945 as useful orbits for communications satellites.
		Geostationary orbits are useful because they cause a satellite to appear stationary with respect to a fixed point on therotating Earth.
	www.therfcc.org /geostationary-orbit-20526.html (400 words)

	geostationary transfer orbit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) is an orbit around the Earth used as an intermediate stage between a low Earth orbit (LEO) and a geostationary orbit (GSO).
		Since a geostationary orbit is also a geosynchronous orbit, a geostationary transfer orbit can also be termed a geosynchronous transfer orbit.
		In the context of satellite launches the geostationary orbit is usually the one of interest.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /geostationary_transfer_orbit.html (318 words)

	Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		GOES weather imagery and quantitative sounding data are a continuous and reliable stream of environmental information used to support weather forecasting, severe storm tracking, and meteorological research.
		Evolutionary improvements in the geostationary satellite system since 1974 (i.e., since the first Synchronous Meteorological Satellite, SMS-1) have been responsible for making the current GOES system the basic element for U.S. weather monitoring and forecasting.
		Designed to operate in geostationary orbit, 35,790 km (22,240 statute miles) above the earth, thereby remaining stationary (with respect to a point on the ground), the advanced GOES I–M spacecraft continuously view the continental United States, neighboring environs of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, and Central and South America.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Geostationary_Operational_Environmental_Satellite (791 words)

	The Geostationary Orbit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		An advantage of the geostationary orbit is that antennas on the ground, once aimed at the satellite, need not continue to rotate.
		One disadvantage of the geostationary orbit is that the gravity of the sun and moon disturb the orbit, causing the inclination to increase.
		The geostationary orbit's finite capacity is another disadvantage; satellites using the same frequencies must be separated to prevent mutual interference.
	www.aero.org /publications/crosslink/winter2002/01_sidebar1.html (346 words)

	Kourou
		Geostationary position 10+/- 0.1 deg E. EUTELSAT 1 is a regional geostationary telecommunication Satellite for European countries.
		Geostationary longitude 74 +/0 0.1 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 74 deg E in 1992-1999 Last known longitude (3 September 2001) 48.18 deg E drifting at 0.010 deg E per day.
		Geostationary at 91 deg W. The Galaxy 7 satellite failed on November 22, 2000, the third such satellite to fall victim to a design flaw in the on-board computers.
	www.astronautix.com /sites/kourou.htm (11907 words)

	Geosynchronous orbit
		A geostationary orbit is a special case of a geosynchronous orbit.
		A satellite is in a geostationary orbit when it appears stationary from the point of view of an observer on the Earth's surface.
		Thus, a geosynchronous satellite will be geostationary only with the additional restrictions of it being in a circular orbit situated over the equator.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/Dictionary/GEO_ORBIT/DI146.htm (163 words)

	Geostationary Orbit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The satellite arrived in geostationary orbit on 14 September and, after full deployment of its antenna reflectors and 36 m wingspan solar array, began in-orbit...
		A geostationary orbit (abbreviated GSO) is a circular orbit in the Earth's equatorial plane, any point on which revolves about the Earth in the same direction and with the same period as the Earth's rotation.
		It is a special case of the geosynchronous orbit, and the one which is of most interest to artificial satellite operators.
	www.wikiverse.org /geostationary-orbit (555 words)

	The Teledesic Network: Using Low-Earth-Orbit Satellites to Provide Broadband, Wireless, Real-Time Internet Access ...
		Geostationary satellites will continue to have an important role to play, particularly for broadcast applications where their large footprint is advantageous.
		Even worse, if the geostationary link is not at one of the endpoints of the data transmission but is instead an intermediate connection, there is no method to notify the transmitting computer to use a larger buffer size.
		Geostationary satellites will continue to play an important role, particularly for video distribution and other broadcast applications, where latency is not an issue and a large footprint is desirable.
	www.isoc.org /isoc/whatis/conferences/inet/96/proceedings/g1/g1_3.htm (3646 words)

	[No title]
		More technically, a geostationary orbit is a circular prograde orbit in the equatorial plane with an orbital period equal to that of the earth; this is achieved with an orbital radius of 6.6107 (equatorial) earth radii, or an orbital height of 35786 km.
		However, to be a geostationary satellite, the geosynchronous satellite must be in orbit in earth's equatorial plane - geostationary is a small subset of orbits that are geosynchronous.
		Geostationary satellites receive the uplinked signal, amplify it, shift it to a lower frequency and then couple the outgoing signal to the transmitting array of on-board satellite antenna where the signal is focused into a narrow beam and sent back to earth.
	www.cs.nmsu.edu /~jbj/index_auxil/orbits.doc (7172 words)

	A Lost Connection: Geostationary Satellite Networks and the Int
		The question arises whether occupancy of the geostationary orbit violates international nonappropriation principles given the traditional notion that national authority is the basis for communication activity at that location.
		Though not a panacea, market allocation of geostationary resources in combination with judicious regulatory reform holds the potential for the ITU to promote global development, and ensure that the benefits of that development are apportioned fairly and in a manner which helps to aid the discourse of nations for the next century and beyond.
		A geostationary orbit is distinguished from a merely geosynchronous orbit.
	www.law.berkeley.edu /journals/btlj/articles/vol15/roberts/roberts.html (14782 words)

	Encyclopedia: Geostationary transfer orbit
		In mathematics, an ellipse (from the Greek for absence) is a plane algebraic curve where the sum of the distances from any point on the curve to two fixed points is constant.
		A geosynchronous orbit is a geocentric orbit that has the same orbital period as the sidereal rotation period of the Earth.
		The geostationary ring is a volume segment around the geostationary orbit defined by variations in altitude and declination that can occur for uncontrolled objects left in the geostationary orbit.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Geostationary-transfer-orbit (1098 words)

	CelesTrak: "More on the Geostationary Orbit"
		As it turns out, one of the common ways of expressing a geostationary satellite's position is to specify its longitude—that is, the longitude on the equator over which the satellite appears to hover.
		For the satellite to be geostationary, of course, its latitude must be zero and its altitude must be 35,786 kilometers (for this development, we will assume a true geostationary orbit and a spherical earth).
		In both cases, it should be noted that the rotation axis of the satellite is perpendicular to the satellite's orbital plane—which for geostationary orbits is the equatorial plane.
	www.celestrak.com /columns/v04n09 (1680 words)

	Satellite Orbits
		A geostationary (GEO=geosynchronous) orbit is one in which the satellite is always in the same position with respect to the rotating Earth.
		The satellite orbits at an elevation of approximately 35,790 km because that produces an orbital period (time for one orbit) equal to the period of rotation of the Earth (23 hrs, 56 mins, 4.09 secs).
		Because a geostationary orbit must be in the same plane as the Earth's rotation, that is the equatorial plane, it provides distorted images of the polar regions with poor spatial resolution.
	asd-www.larc.nasa.gov /SCOOL/orbits.html (496 words)

	UN Chronicle: Finding a place in the geostationary orbit: aim is to ensure access for all
		Geostationary satellites can also be used to relay data from satellites in low Earth orbit to a central ground station thereby allowing real-time world-wide coverage by the orbiting satellites without a global network of receiving stations.
		However, it is difficult to obtain high resolution images from the altitude of the geostationary orbit, and a number of satellites would be needed for global coverage.
		Collisions: The number of objects in the geostationary orbit, including active satellites, dead satellites and associated fragments and debris, is increasing steadily and with it the probability of collisions.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1309/is_v22/ai_3624614/pg_2 (989 words)

	UN Chronicle: Finding a place in the geostationary orbit: aim is to ensure access for all
		UNISPACE 82 also noted that most nations accept that the geostationary orbit is a part of outer space and, as such, is available for use by all States, in accordance with the 1967 Outer Space Treaty.
		However, equatorial countries consider that the geostationary orbit is a physical phenomenon related to the earth's gravity.
		Conclusions: Closer spacing of satellites in the geostationary orbit is feasible and certain technologies exist to allow greater overall efficiency in the orbit's use.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1309/is_v22/ai_3624614 (1364 words)

	geosychronous/geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		An elliptical orbit, with an apogee (high point) of 35,784 km, a perigee (low point) of a few hundred km, and an inclination roughly equal to the latitude of the launch site, into which a spacecraft is initially placed before being transferred to a geosynchronous or geostationary orbit.
		By the rocket equation, assuming a (typical) specific impulse of 300 seconds, the fraction of the separated mass consumed by the propellant for the apogee maneuver is 46% from Cape Canaveral, 40% from Kourou, and 39% from the equator.
		As a rough guide, the mass of a geostationary satellite at the start of its operational life (in GSO) is about half its initial on-orbit mass when separated from the launch vehicle (in GTO).
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/G/GTO.html (344 words)

	Definition of Geostationary ring
		The geostationary orbit is subject to orbit perturbations caused by anomalies in the gravitational field of the Earth, by the gravitational effects of Sun and Moon, and by solar radiation pressure.
		A precessional motion of the orbit plane is caused by the oblatedness of the Earth ( $J_2), and the gravitational effects of Sun and Moon.$
		This leads to the definition of the geostationary ring as being a segment of space around the geostationary orbit that ranges from 75 km below GEO to 75 km above GEO and from -15 degrees to 15 degrees declination.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Geostationary_ring (286 words)

	CelesTrak: "Basics of the Geostationary Orbit"
		While all geostationary orbits must be geosynchronous, not all geosynchronous orbits are geostationary.
		Since the geostationary orbital plane is not coincident with the plane of the earth's orbit (the ecliptic) or that of the moon's orbit, the gravitational attraction of the sun and the moon act to pull the geostationary satellites out of their equatorial orbit, gradually increasing each satellite's orbital inclination.
		Oftentimes, geostationary satellites are boosted into a slightly higher orbit at the end of their planned lifetime to prevent them causing havoc with other geostationary satellites.
	www.celestrak.com /columns/v04n07 (1553 words)

	Ocean Colour Sensors > Geostationary Sensors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Geostationary satellites which are placed in orbit 36,000 km above the equator, moving in the same direction that the Earth is turning, give the impression that they are stationary and remain over its sub-satellite point, the point where an imaginary line joining the satellite and the centre of the Earth intersects with the Earth’s surface.
		The name for this type of orbit is geostationary or geosynchronous, which means that it continuously views the same portion of the surface of the earth.
		However, a single imager on a geostationary satellite could provide multiple views during a single day of many locations.
	www.ioccg.org /sensors/geostat.html (217 words)

	Geostationary Satellites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Geostationary satellites orbit in the earth's equatorial plane at a height of 38,500 km.
		Since the field of view of a satellite in geostationary orbit is fixed, it always views the same geographical area, day or night.
		Geostationary orbits are ideal for making regular sequential observations of cloud patterns over a region with visible and infrared radiometers.
	weather.ou.edu /~kkloesel/Satellite/goes.html (320 words)

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