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Topic: Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite

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	NOAA ETL Environmental Satellite Background
		Geostationary satellites have orbits that match the rotation of the Earth, so they continually "hover" over the same location with respect to to the Earth's surface.
		In contrast to geostationary satellites, polar-orbiting satellites generally orbit at relatively low altitudes (typically 700 to 800 km), constantly changing their position relative to the Earth's surface.
		Meteosat is a geostationary satellite operated by the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT).
	www.etl.noaa.gov /et6/satres/env_satellite.html (1091 words)

	Weather Satellites: Planning for the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite Program Needs More
		GOES satellites are uniquely positioned to observe the development of hazardous weather, such as hurricanes and severe thunderstorms, and track their movement and intensity so that major losses of property and life can be reduced or avoided.
		NOAA's operational strategy calls for two GOES satellites to be active at all times--one satellite to observe the Atlantic Ocean and eastern half of the United States, and the other to observe the Pacific Ocean and the western part of the country.
		These experimental satellites gave NASA the opportunity to test a number of significant technological features that since have become standard on meteorological satellites, such as including a transmitter that would allow weather stations around the world to receive data from the satellite when it is overhead.
	www.globalsecurity.org /space/library/report/gao/ai97037.htm (13842 words)

	NOAASIS - NOAA Satellite Information System for NOAA Meteorological / Weather Satellites
		Operating the country's system of environmental (weather) satellites is one of the major responsibilities of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS).
		Satellite information is also shared with various Federal agencies, such as the Departments of Agriculture, Interior, Defense, and Transportation; with other countries, such as Japan, India, and Russia, and members of the European Space Agency (ESA) and the United Kingdom Meteorological Office; and with the private sector.
		NOAA's operational weather satellite system is composed of two types of satellites: geostationary operational environmental satellites (GOES) for short-range warning and "now-casting" and polar-orbiting satellites for longer-term forecasting.
	noaasis.noaa.gov /NOAASIS/ml/genlsatl.html (1781 words)

	Looking at Earth From Space - g
		NOAA geostationary satellite launched in April 1994 (alphabetical designators are used while on the ground and before geostationary orbit, after it achieves geostationary orbit it became GOES 8).
		Environmental satellite scanners, rather than photographing a scene, scan a scene line-by-line measuring light or heat levels and transmitting this information as a video image via an amplitude modulated (AM) subcarrier contained in the satellites FM signal.
		A geostationary satellite has an inclination of essentially zero, and, because its orbital period exactly matches the Earths rotation, its ground track is reduced to an apparent stationary point on the equator.
	www.grc.nasa.gov /WWW/K-12/TRC/laefs/laefs_g.html (1658 words)

	Satellite Imagery Clarification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The GOES Satellites are operated by NOAA, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and are used by many other organizations in both the public and private sectors.
		The imagery captured by the satellites are useful in weather forecasting, rain and snowfall estimation and observing the movement of sea and lake ice.
		Polar Operational Environmental Satellites are satellites that are much closer to the earth than the geostationary satellites and move over different portions of the Earth on an orbit over the poles.
	www.mnsu.edu /weather/wx_WALTER/Modules/Satellite/satellite_ed.html (754 words)

	Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites
		When these conditions develop the GOES satellites are able to monitor storm development and track their movements.
		GOES satellite imagery is also used to estimate rainfall during the thunderstorms and hurricanes for flash flood warnings, as well as estimates snowfall accumulations and overall extent of snow cover.
		Satellite sensors also detect ice fields and map the movements of sea and lake ice.
	www.oso.noaa.gov /goes (228 words)

	GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite)
		A series of weather satellites that superceded the SMS (Synchronous Meteorological Satellite) program and, since the late 1970s, has formed the backbone of short-term weather forecasting in the United States.
		The real-time data gathered by GOES satellites, combined with measurements from Doppler radars and automated surface observing systems, is disseminated by NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) and helps weather forecasters provide warnings of thunderstorms, winter storms, flash floods, hurricanes, and other severe weather.
		Two GOES satellites must be active and correctly located in geosynchronous orbit (at 75° W and 135° W) to be able to monitor continuously Earth’s full disk about the meridian approximately in the center of the continental United States.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/G/GOES.html (303 words)

	GOES Satellites: geostationary operational environmental satellites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		GOES satellites are owned and operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) while the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) manages the design, development and launch of the spacecraft.
		There are other geostationary satellites operated by other countries wihich contribute to cover the rest of the Earth.
		The first geostationary weather satellite (GOES-1) was launched on October 16, 1975 and quickly became a critical part of the National Weather Service operations.
	ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu /(Gh)/guides/rs/sat/goes/home.rxml (316 words)

	NASA - GOES-N
		Geostationary describes an orbit in which a satellite is always in the same position with respect to the rotating Earth.
		The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-N (GOES-N) to be launched aboard a Boeing Delta IV rocket will be the focus of a prelaunch press conference on Thursday, July 28.
		The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-N (GOES-N), to be launched into orbit for NASA aboard a Boeing Delta IV rocket, will be the focus of a media opportunity on June 2.
	www.nasa.gov /mission_pages/goes-n/main (620 words)

	[No title]
		An advanced environmental satellite equipped with instruments to monitor Earth's weather and with a telescope that will be used to forecast geomagnetic storms in space, is being prepared for launch from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida.
		At the KSC Shuttle Landing Facility, the GOES-M satellite is offloaded from the yawning mouth of the C-5 aircraft.
		The newest Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-M (GOES-M) satellite is rotated at Astrotech, in Titusville for the media who are there to see the last in the current series of advanced geostationary weather satellites in service.
	www.gsfc.nasa.gov /gsfc/earth/goesm/goesm.htm (940 words)

	Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite Platform Document
		The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) series of satellites are operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
		Operating the United State's environmental satellite program is one of the primary responsibilities of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
		Satellites from the GOES program circle the Earth in a geostationary orbit in a geosynchronous plane of approximately 35,800 km.
	ghrc.msfc.nasa.gov:5721 /source_documents/goes_source.html (635 words)

	NOAA Home Page - Satellites Theme Page
		The prime customer for the satellite data is the NOAA National Weather Service, which uses satellite data to create forecasts for television, radio and weather advisory services.
		The satellites are also used to support aviation safety (volcanic ash detection), and maritime/shipping safety (ice monitoring and prediction).
		The Office has operational responsibility for the Satellite Operations Control Center (SOCC) at Suitland, Md., and Command and Data Acquisition (CDA) facilities at Wallops, Va., and Fairbanks, Alaska, to command and control the satellites, to track the satellites and to acquire their data.
	www.noaa.gov /satellites.html (1032 words)

	40+ Years of Earth Science * Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-1 *
		The satellite was to be placed over the Indian Ocean (west of SMS 2) so that the coverage of SMS-1, SMS-2 and GOES-1 would include nearly 60 percent of the Earth's surface.
		Description: The first operational satellite in NOAA's geosynchronous weather satellite system, the spacecraft was a cylinder 75 inches in diameter, 106 inches high and weighed 650 pounds.
		The satellite had the capability to continuously monitor cataclysmic weather events such as hurricanes and typhoons, relay meteorological data from over 10,000 surface locations into a central processing center for incorporation into numerical weather prediction models, and to perform facsimile transmission of processed images and weather maps to WEFAX field stations.
	www.earth.nasa.gov /history/goes/goes1.html (321 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Utilization of Operational Environmental Satellite Data: Ensuring Readiness for 2010 and Beyond ...
		Because satellites in general are the only means of obtaining systematic measurements of the entire globe, it is possible that downstream products based on operational satellite data will be used extensively and with greater frequency in the coming decade to enhance a company’s prospects for business recruitment and success.
		Over longer time periods, environmental data will be valuable in efforts to assess changes in ecosystems that may result in certain regulatory measures which in turn have economic consequences.
		Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite System (GOES) GOES-R sounder and imager cost/ benefit analysis, prepared for the GOES Users Conference, October 1-3, 2002, Boulder, Colorado, by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), Office of Systems Development, October 1, 2002.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309092353/html/29.html (689 words)

	Coverage and Orbits
		The satellite was launched on April 13, 1994 and became operational on June 1, 1995 after an extensive test and validation effort.
		The satellite was launched on May 23, 1995 and became operational on January 22, 1996.
		The Fengyun-1 series of satellites are polar orbiting satellites, so it is important to include the number with the name if you want to refer to the geostationary satellite.
	www.rap.ucar.edu /~djohnson/satellite/geo_coverage.html (404 words)

	Geostationary Satellites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Geostationary satellites orbit in the earth's equatorial plane at a height of 38,500 km.
		Since the field of view of a satellite in geostationary orbit is fixed, it always views the same geographical area, day or night.
		Geostationary orbits are ideal for making regular sequential observations of cloud patterns over a region with visible and infrared radiometers.
	weather.ou.edu /~kkloesel/Satellite/goes.html (320 words)

	NOAA and the 1974 Tornado Outbreak - Satellite Technology - Then and Now
		The Applications Technology Satellite series was a set of six NASA spacecraft created to explore and flight-test new technologies and techniques for communications, meteorological and navigation satellites.
		The major objective of the early ATS satellites was to test whether gravity would anchor the satellite in a synchronous orbit (22,300 statute miles above the Earth), allowing it to move at the same rate the Earth is turning, thus seeming to remain stationary.
		Although the ATS satellites were intended mainly as testbeds, they also collected and transmitted meteorological data and functioned at times as communications satellites.
	www.publicaffairs.noaa.gov /storms/sattech.html (606 words)

	Excerpts: NOAA Reports New Environmental Satellite Now Is in Operation
		This GOES craft -- GOES stands for Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite -- is the first of a planned series of satellites that will carry Solar X-ray Imagers enabling scientists and solar weather forecasters to better understand and predict events on the Sun that impact activities on Earth and in orbit.
		The new weather satellite will view cloud patterns, measure temperature and moisture in the atmosphere, and monitor space weather for North and South America and portions of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
		NESDIS' environmental satellites are used for weather forecasting, climate monitoring, and other environmental applications such as fire detection, ozone monitoring, and sea surface temperature measurements.
	www.usembassy.it /file2001_08/alia/a1082001.htm (629 words)

	Boeing Satellite Systems - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It brings together Boeing satellite operations with that of Hughes Electronics' Space and Communications division.
		In 1997 GM transferred Delco Electronics from Hughes Electronics to its Delphi Automotive Systems and later in the year sold the defense operations of Hughes Electronics (Hughes Aircraft and missile business) to Raytheon.
		Delta launch vehicles, GPS satellites, Rocketdyne and Rockwell's space operations Hughes Space and Communications gave Boeing an impressive range of products for design, manufacture, launch and support of satellites.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Boeing_Satellite_Systems (385 words)

	NOAA News Online (Story 684)
		July 23, 2001 —; The nation's most advanced satellite to detect harmful solar flares and gather data on daily weather and severe storms in the United States was launched successfully, NOAA announced.
		The GOES-M satellite is the fifth of five advanced weather satellites operated by NOAA and designed to help improve forecasting of Earth's weather and space weather.
		The real-time weather data gathered by NOAA's GOES satellites, combined with data from the agency's Doppler radars on the ground and automated surface observing systems, greatly aids weather forecasters in providing better warnings of thunderstorms, winter storms, flash floods, hurricanes, and other severe weather.
	www.noaanews.noaa.gov /stories/s684.htm (678 words)

	40+ Years of Earth Science - The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite Program
		PEACESAT provides satellite telecommunications to serve the educational, economic development, medical and cultural needs of many Pacific island nations and territories.
		The modern GOES satellite assists with the observation and, when possible, the prediction of fairly local weather events including thunderstorms, tornadoes, flash floods, and even snow squalls.
		Platforms transmit sensor data to the satellite at regular intervals, upon request by the satellite, or in an emergency alarm mode whenever a sensor receives information exceeding a preset level (such as when river water levels rise).
	www.earth.nasa.gov /history/goes/goes.html (548 words)

	U.S. GSO Weather Satellites - Summary
		GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) weather satellites are an important component of weather forecasting in the United States.
		GOES satellites provide data for severe storm evaluation, information on cloud cover, winds, ocean currents, fog distribution, storm circulation and snow melt, using visual and infrared imagery.
		The GOES satellites provide real-time weather imagery which most people are familiar with as the images they see with their local TV weather forecasts or in their newspaper weather pages.
	www.spaceandtech.com /spacedata/constellations/wx_goes_consum.shtml (344 words)

	science@nasa - Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) N Series--GOES N/O/P
		The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite Program (GOES) is a joint effort of NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
		The launch of the prototype Synchronous Meteorological Satellite, SMS-A, in May 1974 inaugurated the series of geosynchronous satellites that have provided systematic, continuous observations of weather patterns.
		Where the GOES satellites provide near-term data from the continental United States and Hawaii, the polar-orbiting spacecraft provide full global data for short- and long-range forecast models, climate modeling, and various other secondary missions.
	science.hq.nasa.gov /missions/satellite_63.htm (660 words)

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