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	Geosynchronous orbit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A geosynchronous orbit is a geocentric orbit that has the same orbital period as the sidereal rotation period of the Earth.
		Circular geosynchronous orbits at the equator are known as geostationary orbits.
		A further form of geosynchronous orbit is obtained by the theoretical space elevator in which one end of the structure is tethered to the ground, maintaining a longer orbital period than by gravity alone if under tension.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Geosynchronous (652 words)

	Geosynchronous satellite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The orbits are known as geosynchronous orbit and geostationary orbit.
		If a geosynchronous satellite's orbit is not exactly aligned with the equator, known as an inclined orbit, it will appear (when viewed by someone on the ground) to oscillate daily around a fixed point in the sky.
		One disadvantage of geosynchronous satellites is a result of their high altitude: radio signals take approximately 1/4 of a second to reach and return from the satellite, resulting in a small but significant signal delay.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Geosynchronous_satellite (593 words)

	Geosynchronous orbit - FreeEncyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A geosynchronous orbit is an orbit that has the same rotational period and direction as the rotation of the Earth.
		An object in a circular geosynchronous orbit in the plane of the Earth's equator would have a radius of approximately 42,164 km from the center of the Earth, approximately 35,790 km (22,240 statute miles) above mean sea level[?].
		A satellite in an elliptical geosynchronous orbit will appear to oscillate in the sky from the viewpoint of a ground station, and satellites in highly elliptical orbits must be tracked by steerable ground stations[?].
	openproxy.ath.cx /ge/Geosynchronous_orbit.html (327 words)

	Geosynchronous orbit -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		If a geosynchronous orbit is circular and equatorial then it is also a (A geosynchronous orbit that is fixed with respect to a position on the Earth) geostationary orbit, and will maintain the same position relative to the Earth's surface.
		Circular geosynchronous orbits at the (An imaginary line around the Earth forming the great circle that is equidistant from the north and south poles) equator are known as geostationary orbits.
		A further form of geosynchronous orbit is obtained by the theoretical (Click link for more info and facts about space elevator) space elevator in which one end of the structure is tethered to the ground, maintaining a longer orbital period than by gravity alone if under tension.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/ge/geosynchronous_orbit.htm (817 words)

	Geosynchronous Orbit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Geosynchronous (adj.): geo-, earth and synchronous, going on at the same rate and exactly together.
		A satellite in geosynchronous orbit circles the earth once each day.
		The Shuttle's orbit is always inclined to the equator by at least 28.5 degrees.
	liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov /academy/rocket_sci/satellites/geo-high.html (173 words)

	Geosynchronous satellite - FreeEncyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Geosynchronous satellites that are in circular orbits over the equator are called geostationary satellites.
		If a geosynchronous satellite's circular orbit is tipped with respect to the equator, it will appear to someone on the ground to bob around a fixed point in the sky each day.
		One disadvantage of geosynchronous satellites is a result of their high altitude: radio signals take a fraction of a second to reach and return from the satellite, resulting in a small but significant signal delay, which increases the difficulty of telephone conversation and reduces the performance of common network protocols such as TCP/IP.
	openproxy.ath.cx /ge/Geostationary_satellite.html (428 words)

	Shupe \| how stuff works.orbits
		As it turns out, a geostationary orbit is a member of the set or family of geosynchronous orbits, but it is a special case of a geosynchronous orbit which is circular and lies in the Earth's equatorial plane.
		Such an orbit is called a geosynchronous orbit, and its radius is 42,300 km from the center of the Earth (about 35,900 km from the surface of the Earth).
		The angular amplitude of the oscillation is equal to the angle between the orbital plane of the satellite and the equatorial plane of the Earth.
	www.sccs.swarthmore.edu /users/05/shupe/orbits.html (413 words)

	Encyclopedia: Geosynchronous satellite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A satellite is an object that orbits another object (known as its primary).
		Syncom-type satellite Syncom was a program of three experimental, active geosynchronous communication satellites which was started by NASA in 1961.
		A geostationary orbit (abbreviated GEO) is a circular orbit in the Earths equatorial plane, any point on which revolves about the Earth in the same direction and with the same period as the Earths rotation.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Geosynchronous-satellite (1247 words)

	A PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF A GEOSYNCHRONOUS METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE, WEATHERWATCH I
		The geosynchronous launch is standard to the positioning of satellites and consists of three basic stages, 1) low earth parking orbit (lEO), 2) Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO), and 3) Geosynchronous Orbit (GEO).
		The life of a satellite is limited to a large extent by the fuel remaining once it is positioned in geosynchronous orbit.
		The geosynchronous transfer orbit is a minimum energy elliptical orbit with the perigee at parking orbit altitude and the apogee at synchronous altitude.
	www.lib.utah.edu /epubs/undergrad/vol1/anderson.html (6132 words)

	Geosynchronous Orbits (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Shuttle typically deploys a satellite into an orbit with an altitude of about 300 km and an inclination of 28.5 degrees.
		To be in a geosynchronous orbit, the satellite must move to an equatorial orbit (inclination = 0 degrees) with an altitude of 35,786 km.
		This means changing two separate aspects of the initial deployment orbit, radius (or altitude) and inclination.
	www.phyast.pitt.edu /~rsl/a87/unit5/tsld034.htm (62 words)

	Geosynchronous satellite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It was used a few months later for the world's first satellite relayed telephone call, between U.S. President John F. Kennedy and Nigerian Prime minister.
		NASA's software for satellite tracking (http://science.nasa.gov/Realtime/JTrack/3D/JTrack3D.html) shows clearly the position of satellites in geosynchronous orbit.
		This page was last modified 20:13, 11 May 2005.
	www.secaucus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Geosynchronous_satellite (576 words)

	AS 7000
		Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 97 deg W in 1994-1997 Last known longitude (5 September 2001) 100.42 deg W drifting at 0.039 deg E per day.
		Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 119 deg W in 1996-1999 Last known longitude (5 September 2001) 119.39 deg W drifting at 0.009 deg W per day.
		Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 47 deg E in 1997; 62 deg E in 1997; 64 deg E in 1997-1998; 31 deg W in 1998-1999 Last known longitude (5 September 2001) 31.47 deg W drifting at 0.013 deg W per day.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/as7000.htm (671 words)

	Geosynchronous orbit
		A geosynchronous orbit may be defined as one with an orbital period (the time needed to orbit once around the Earth) that matches the rotation rate of the Earth.
		A satellite is in a geostationary orbit when it appears stationary from the point of view of an observer on the Earth's surface.
		Thus, a geosynchronous satellite will be geostationary only with the additional restrictions of it being in a circular orbit situated over the equator.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/Dictionary/GEO_ORBIT/DI146.htm (163 words)

	Plasma sheet access to geosynchronous orbit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As shown in Figure 1, under low-activity conditions, geosynchronous orbit should lie entirely within the region of closed drift trajectories for particles of this energy and should thus be inaccessible to fresh plasma sheet material, consistent with the observed low fluxes.
		By the time geosynchronous orbit enters the trapped orbit region on the dayside, the electron fluxes in the open drift trajectory region are so far depleted that the crossing is not detectable.
		The density and temperature statistics for the higher-energy populations of each species at geosynchronous orbit are shown in Plates 4a-4d in the same format as the flux plots in Plates 2 and 3.
	nis-www.lanl.gov /~hkorth/Papers/plastat/plastat.html (7658 words)

	Prognoz SPRN
		Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 35 deg E in 1985; 24 deg W in 1985-1986 Last known longitude (5 September 2001) 151.95 deg W drifting at 0.251 deg E per day.
		Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 80 deg E in 1991; 24 deg W in 1992-1993; 80 deg E in 1993-1995 Last known longitude (2 September 2001) 80.48 deg E drifting at 0.009 deg W per day.
		Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 12 deg E in 1993; 24 deg W in 1994; 12 deg E in 1994-1999 Last known longitude (4 September 2001) 53.14 deg E drifting at 0.397 deg E per day.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/prozsprn.htm (981 words)

	Problem #7: Placing Satellites
		Since the earth is rotating around its axis, this means putting it at the appropriate altitude, one where it orbits the earth precisely once per day.
		I read recently that India is working on a launch system that will lift a satellite directly into geosynchronous orbit, but until that system is operational we will continue to do it the old-fashioned way: first we carry above the atmosphere on the Shuttle, then we boost it from there to a geosynchronous orbit.
		We see that lifting something to geosynchronous altitude is so costly (in terms of energy) that we don't want to put anything there unless we really need it there.
	www.ndsu.nodak.edu /instruct/mehta/bush/PlacingSatellites.htm (962 words)

	Science Benefits of Geosynchronous Observations
		Observational systems, such as geosynchronous satellites, that fully observe these processes with the fine time resolution required can address many fundamental science questions that are difficult or impossible to answer from observations at a time resolution of once or twice per day.
		Supplementing this information with the geosynchronous diurnal cycle, even if with a lower spatial resolution, is very important and was proven critical in field experiments that concentrated on the biomass burning issue such as SCAR (Smoke, Clouds and Radiation conducted in the US and Brazil).
		A geosynchronous LM is capable of filling in the enormous fraction of lightning not observed by TRMM over the great thunderstorm belts of the western hemisphere – the southeastern United States, the Gulf of Mexico, the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), and the Amazon basin.
	rsd.gsfc.nasa.gov /goes/text/ags_science.html (7986 words)

	Earth & Sky : Radio Shows
		DB: "Geosynchronous" just means "in synch with the Earth." These satellites orbit directly above Earth's equator -- at just the right distance to cause them to complete an orbit around Earth in a single day.
		Geosynchronous satellites have military, meteorological, and commercial uses.
		All geosynchronous satellites orbit Earth at the same distance -- about 36 thousand kilometers -- or 22 thousand miles -- up.
	www.earthsky.org /shows/show.php?date=20020706 (343 words)

	ipedia.com: Communications satellite Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A communications satellite (sometimes abbreviated to comsat) is an artificial satellite stationed in space for the purposes of telecommunications using radio at microwave frequencies.
		The first geosynchronous communications satellite was Syncom 2, launched on July 26 1963.
		The first geosynchronous communications satellite that could be seen from a fixed satellite antenna (over North America) was Anik 1, a Canadian satellite launched in 1973.
	www.ipedia.com /communications_satellite.html (563 words)

	Geosynchronous Orbit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Before communications satellites, such signals had to be relayed via earth-based relay towers which had to be placed in sight of one another.
		The original idea of geosynchronous communications satellites was published by the British science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke in the early 50's.
		The idea of geosynchronous satellites is to find an orbit over the equator in which the satellite revolves around the earth at the same rate that the earth spins on its axis.
	www.sfu.ca /phys/100/lectures/geosynch/Geosynch.html (437 words)

	Geosynchronous Satellites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		geosynchronous orbit appears to "hover" over one spot on the Equator.
		The weather satellite pictures (GIF, 60k) we see on the nightly news are constantly fed to earth-bound receiving dishes from geosynchronous satellites like the GOES weather satellites (Visit the GOES Weather Imagery Site).
		NASA also uses geosynchronous satellites to relay communications and data between spacecraft, such as the Space Shuttle and the Hubble Space Telescope, and control centers on Earth.
	liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov /academy/rocket_sci/satellites/geosync.html (126 words)

	Geostationary orbit and s/c [Oulu] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The geostationary or geosynchronous orbit is located at approximately 6.6 Re geocentric distance in the geographical equatorial plane.
		The first operational geosynchronous satellite (Syncom 2) was launched in 1963, and nowadays there are typically several spacecraft in this orbit continuosly.
		The geosynchronous orbit tends to skim the inner boundary of the plasma sheet.
	www.oulu.fi /~spaceweb/textbook/geostationary.html (442 words)

	American Geosynchronous SIGINT Satellites
		The experience of the first ten years of use of these satellites showed that effective intercept of communication channels required moving to higher geosynchronous (24-hour) and elliptical {12-hour) orbits, which would allow continuous monitoring of the operation of radio emitters.
		Operation of reconnaissance satellites in such orbits demanded that difficult engineering problems be solved, such as those associated with manufacturing large intercept antennas, sensitive radio receivers, and a radio system for covert transmission of intelligence data to Earth.
		Launch into geosynchronous orbit was accomplished with an Atlas-Agena rocket from Cape Canaveral, Florida.
	www.globalsecurity.org /space/library/report/1993/androart.htm (3603 words)

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