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	Geothermal power - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Geothermal power is electricity generated by utilizing naturally occurring geological heat sources.
		Another major geothermal area is located in south central California, on the southeast side of the Salton Sea, near the cities of Niland and Calipatria, CA.
		Geothermal power is generated in over 20 countries around the world including Iceland (producing 17% of its electricity from geothermal sources), the United States, Italy, France, New Zealand, Mexico, Nicaragua, Russia, the Philippines, Indonesia and Japan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Geothermal (851 words)

	Geothermal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Geothermal heat pumps, as well as all other types of heat pumps, have efficiencies rated according to their coefficient of performance or COP.
		A geothermal heat pump is an electrically-powered device that uses the natural heat storage ability of the earth and/or the earth's groundwater to heat and cool your home or business.
		Geothermal heat pumps used in open-loop systems need differing amounts of water depending on the size of the unit and the manufacturer's specifications.
	www.waterfurnace.ca /geothermal-faq.htm (3557 words)

	Geothermal Resources Council
		Geothermal Energy is heat (thermal) derived from the earth (geo).
		It is the thermal energy contained in the rock and fluid (that fills the fractures and pores within the rock) in the earth's crust.
		It is believed that the ultimate source of geothermal energy is radioactive decay occurring deep within the earth (Burkland, 1973).
	www.geothermal.org /what.html (461 words)

	Texas Renewable Energy Resources - Geothermal
		Geothermal energy derives from the immense thermal reservoir of the earth's interior.
		Areas with significant geothermal resource occur where the earth's crust is relatively thin, such as along the boundaries of tectonic plates.
		California has the largest geothermal electric facilities in the nation, with about 1100 MWe, most concentrated at the Geysers steam field in the northern part of that state.
	www.infinitepower.org /resgeothermal.htm (819 words)

	What is Geothermal Energy and How Can It Be Used? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Geothermal energy can take part in the energy market both in the form of electric power generation or direct use use of heat.
		Similarly, the development of low temperature geothermal energy systems may be limited according to such factors as the depth of seasonal freezing and the suitability of aquifers for groundwater extraction.
		The Canadian Geothermal Energy Association's mandate is to promote a better understanding of geothermal energy resources in Canada and to facilitate technology transfer among researchers and the general public.
	www.geothermal.ca /whatis.html (1518 words)

	Geothermal Energy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Geothermal resources may be especially important and significant in developing nations where no indigeneous fossil fuel resources exist such as oil, coal or natural gas.
		Geothermal plants can be particularly suitable for smaller power grid systems that otherwise would have a high dependence on fossil fuels.
		Geothermal power projects are characterised by high capital investment for exploration, drilling wells and installation of plant, but low operating costs because of the low marginal cost of fuel.
	www.worldbank.org /html/fpd/energy/geothermal (2042 words)

	Energy Resources: Geothermal
		Geothermal energy has been used for thousands of years in some countries for cooking and heating.
		In Iceland, geothermal heat is used to heat houses as well as for generating electricity.
		Geothermal energy is an important resource in volcanically active places such as Iceland and New Zealand.
	www.darvill.clara.net /altenerg/geothermal.htm (553 words)

	Other Renewables > Geothermal Energy
		Geothermal energy is, literally, the heat of the earth.
		The heat itself derives from radioactive decay beneath the earth's surface and, in certain locations, it is concentrated enough and is close enough to surface waters to be brought to the surface for a variety of purposes.
		In Arizona, the opportunity to use geothermal water is limited, in part by population distribution, yet at least three locations are well known.
	www.azsolarcenter.com /otherre/geothm1.html (483 words)

	Geothermal Education Office - Power From the Earth's Heat
		Geothermal installations don't require damming of rivers or harvesting of forests -- and there are no mine shafts, tunnels, open pits, waste heaps or oil spills.
		Geothermal "fuel'" - like the sun and the wind - is always where the power plant is; economic benefits remain in the region and there are no fuel price shocks.
		Geothermal district heating systems pump geothermal water through a heat exchanger, where it transfers its heat to clean city water that is piped to buildings in the district.
	geothermal.marin.org /pwrheat.html (2146 words)

	REPP-CREST : GEOTHERMAL
		All types of geothermal energy are renewable as long as the rate of heat extraction from the earth does not exceed the rate at which the thermal reservoir it depends upon is recharged by the earthâs heat.
		Geothermal heat pumps (GHPs) are one of the most efficient active (as opposed to passive) technologies in the world for heating and cooling our homes, schools, businesses, and a variety of other buildings.
		In a binary geothermal power plant hot geothermal liquid is passed through a heat exchanger to transfer heat from the geothermal (primary) fluid to a secondary fluid of much lower vapor pressure.
	www.crest.org /articles/static/1/995653330_5.html (4176 words)

	RNP: Renewable Energy Technology: Geothermal
		Geothermal plants are the most reliable of all electricity sources, regularly operating at 90 percent or more of their rated capacity year-round.
		New geothermal systems re-inject water into the earth after its heat is used, in order to preserve the resource and to contain gases and heavy metals sometimes found in geothermal fluids.
		Geothermal projects can produce some carbon dioxide emissions, but these are 15-20 times lower than the cleanest fossil-fuel power plants of the same size.
	www.rnp.org /RenewTech/tech_geo.html (1142 words)

	REPP-CREST : GEOTHERMAL
		Geothermal energy is a form of renewable energy derived from heat deep in the earth’s crust.
		As groundwater is heated, geothermal energy is produced in the form of hot water and steam.
		Geothermal power generation is used today throughout the world where good geothermal resources exist, including many locations in the western United States.
	www.crest.org /geothermal (207 words)

	Geothermal
		Geothermal systems are located in areas where the Earth's crust is relatively thin.
		The key to wider geothermal use is greater public awareness and technical support--two areas in which the Geo-Heat Center is very active.
		Geothermal resources range from shallow ground to hot water and rock several miles below Earth's surface, and even farther down to the extremely high temperatures of molten rock called magma.
	www.etfinancial.com /geothermal.htm (445 words)

	Geothermal biz.com Newsletter
		The Geothermal Program Office (GPO) of the US Navy, has identified more than 25 locations on military controlled lands that are prospective for geothermal development in the continental US A thorough assessment of the full potential of those sites has recently begun, and is expected to be completed by the summer of 2003.
		The GPO oversees the exploration for and development of geothermal resources on lands which are under the control of any of the nation's military services.
		They are to advance the understanding of the two states' geothermal energy resource, their benefits and cost effective applications; to support the development of a market for geothermal power in the two states; and to support the establishment of policies that promote the development of geothermal energy.
	www.geothermal-biz.com /newsletter/Oct-2002.htm (5596 words)

	EERE: Geothermal Energy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Geothermal hot water near the Earth's surface can be used directly for heating buildings and as a heat supply for a variety of commercial and industrial uses.
		Geothermal direct use is particularly favored for greenhouses and aquaculture.
		Geothermal heat pumps, or ground-source heat pumps, use the relatively constant temperature of soil or surface water as a heat source and sink for a heat pump, which provides heating and cooling for buildings.
	www.eere.energy.gov /RE/geothermal.html (281 words)

	Geothermix - Geothermal Encyclopedia
		Geothermal Energy is earth (geo) drawn heat (thermal).
		As in a cave, ground temperature is warmer (about 45 - 58 degrees F just a few feet below the surface) than the air above it during the winter and cooler than the air above it during the summer.
		A) A geothermal pump that draws heat to and from the ground.
	www.geothermix.com /english/geothermal/index.html (242 words)

	Geothermal energy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Geothermal manifestations are wide spread in India in the form of 340 hot spring sites.
		For 50 years the generation of electricity from geothermal energy was confined to Italy and interest in this technology was slow to spread elsewhere.
		In 1943 the use of geothermal hot water was pioneered in Iceland.
	edugreen.teri.res.in /explore/renew/geo.htm (317 words)

	The Energy Story - Chapter 10: GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
		Geothermal Energy has been around for as long as the Earth has existed.
		A geothermal power plant is like in a regular power plant except that no fuel is burned to heat water into steam.
		The steam or hot water in a geothermal power plant is heated by the earth.
	www.energyquest.ca.gov /story/chapter11.html (1113 words)

	Renewable Energy Annual 1996
		The basics of geothermal energy resources, electricity generation technology, and the state of the geothermal industry were reported by the Energy Information Administration in 1991 [58].
		With the construction of new geothermal power facilities stalled, the most significant event in 1996 for the U.S. geothermal industry was the startup of a new 40-megawatt power plant in the Salton Sea known geothermal resource area (KGRA).
		The area in the United States where a new geothermal power plant has the highest likelihood of being built (by the Calpine Corporation and Trans-Pacific Geothermal Corporation) in the next few years is in the Glass Mountain KGRA in northern California, located about 50 miles south of Klamath Falls, Oregon [63].
	www.eia.doe.gov /cneaf/solar.renewables/renewable.energy.annual/chap04.html (2211 words)

	CVO Menu - The Plus Side of Volcanoes - Geothermal Energy
		This reservoir is thought to be the heat source for the Geysers geothermal field (on the southwest side of the volcanic field), which is the largest producing geothermal field in the world, with installed electrical generating capacity of around 2,000 megawatts in 1988, enough electricity for about two cities the size of San Francisco.
		The Salton Buttes lie within the Salton Sea geothermal field, where temperatures at 1.5 to 2.5 kilometers reach 360 degrees C, and sediments of the Colorado River delta are begin metamorphosed to greenschist facies.
		The Salton Sea geothermal field lies in the Salton Trough, the landward extension of the Gulf of California, an area of active crustal spreading.
	vulcan.wr.usgs.gov /LivingWith/PlusSide/geothermal.html (843 words)

	Geothermal Resource Information Clearinghouse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A glossary of commonly used geothermal terms is available, as well.
		Worldwide geothermal energy and estimated potential on a country-by-country basis.
		Maps of heat flow and a data base of known geothermal well properties for the United States.
	rredc.nrel.gov /geothermal (290 words)

	IEA Technology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Work underway includes identification of, and the development of means to avoid or minimise, adverse environmental impacts that can arise from the use of geothermal energy; development of hot dry rocks and other technologies for commercial heat extraction; and the commercial development of deep geothermal resources.
		The Annex work is to encourage sustainable development of geothermal energy resources, quantify adverse or beneficial impacts and identify means of avoiding, remedying or mitigating adverse effects.
		The objective is to address the issues necessary for the commercial development of deep geothermal resources which prevail at depths of approximately 3,000 meters and deeper.
	www.iea.org /dbtw-wpd/Textbase/techno/iaresults.asp?Ia=Geothermal (213 words)

	Geothermal
		Geothermal Energy is derived from the heat energy contained within the earth's crust.
		Wider application of geothermal energy have been well publicised in locations such as Iceland and the Nordic countries where temperature resources are at their highest.
		They are utilising new technology to reduce the overall cost of Geothermal installations,and to enhance and promote the use of Geothermal Energy schemes in the UK and Europe.
	www.cheshirerenewables.org.uk /geothermal.htm (320 words)

	Geothermal Energy in Hawaii (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Some geothermal resources can be found in the Wao Kele O Puna rainforest, one of Hawaii's nine lowland rainforests, and in residential areas where some residents may not want geothermal activities to occur.
		Geothermal wells are sometimes vented for a few hours to clear the well and pipe lines resulting in a temporary release of steam and abated gases.
		Hot water from geothermal areas was used by the early Romans for their public baths, and for bathing, cooking, and heating by indigenous people in areas with surface geothermal features.
	www.hawaii.gov /dbedt/ert/geo_hi.html (2529 words)

	Advantages and Disadvantages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The key environmental concerns resulting from geothermal development include the release of hydrogen sulfide and disposal of geothermal fluid.
		The air quality systems of all geothermal plants would have to control the release of hydrogen sulfide, particulate matter, and sulfates as well as noncriteria pollutants such as arsenic, ammonia, mercury, radon-222, and silica.
		Geothermal fluids (geothermal brine, geothermal steam condensation, and geothermal noncondensable gases) may contain low levels of toxic materials, including heavy metals.
	community.hei.com /altenergy/geo.ad.html (273 words)

	Geothermal-biz.com: Geothermal Small Business Tools
		The Geothermal Small Business Workbook, in conjunction with the Geothermal Money Book, give geothermal entrepreneurs, small businesses, and developers the tools and information they need to understand geothermal applications (direct use and small-scale power generation), write a business and financing plan, and locate and obtain financing.
		The Geothermal Small Business Workbook and the Geothermal Money Book were written by Bob Lawrence and Associates, Inc. with support from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Geothermal Technologies Program under Contract No. DE-FG03-01SF22365.
		Geothermal biz.com is produced for the US Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Geothermal Technologies Program under Contract No. DE-FG03-01SF22365.
	www.geothermal-biz.com /GSBW.htm (618 words)

	Geothermal Data
		Geothermal energy is heat derived from Earth's interior.
		Oregon Institute of Technology's Geoheat Center on-line map shows U.S. Geothermal Projects and Resource Areas - an overview of uses for geothermal energy.
		The Department of Energy's geothermal site has lots of information, including a Frequently Asked Questions page and the best Web links.
	www.ngdc.noaa.gov /seg/geotherm.shtml (150 words)

	Alliant Energy Geothermal
		Take advantage of money-saving incentives and low-interest financing on your geothermal investment.
		Geothermal can reduce home heating bills as much as 50 percent.
		Take a look at successful geothermal installations in homes, businesses, schools and more across the Midwest.
	www.alliantenergygeothermal.com /stellent2/groups/public/documents/pub/geo_001407.hcsp (138 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The primary objective of the Stanford Geothermal Program is the development of reservoir engineering techniques to allow for the production of the nation's geothermal resources in the most efficient manner possible.
		As an outgrowth of the research, the Stanford Geothermal Program has produced a large number of graduate engineers who have taken up leadership positions in the geothermal industry, both in the US and worldwide.
		Thus the impact of the Stanford Geothermal Program on the industry has been very significant, in research results, in qualified personnel, and in technology transfer as recent graduates carry the research results directly into the industrial setting.
	ekofisk.stanford.edu /geotherm.html (289 words)

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