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	Ger toshav - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ger toshav (pl. geirei toshav, Hebrew: גר תושב), according to Judaism and the Torah, is a gentile who is a "resident alien," that is, one who lives in the Land of Israel under certain protections of the system, and is considered a righteous gentile.
		In all cases, the statement is a formal sign that the gentile is on a righteous path, and as such, they must by law receive certain legal protections and special charity/financial aid from the community.
		The second kind of Ger Toshav is an informal one, namely someone who has not sworn anything to a Beth Din (Avodah Zarah 65a).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ger_Toshav (339 words)

	Ger tzedek - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ger tzedek (Hebrew: "righteous convert" or "convert [of] righteousness") or Ger ("stranger" or "convert") or is a gentile (i.e.
		In Biblical Hebrew, the word ger can denote either a convert (and is usually interpreted as such by the Talmud) or a non-Jewish inhabitant of the Land of Israel who observes the seven Noahide Laws and has repudiated all links with idolatry.
		In post-Talmudic times, the word ger has become synonymous with ger tzedek; Ger is commonly translated by the word "proselyte", and has come to mean a convert to Judaism.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Ger_tzedek (736 words)

	Wikinfo \| Gerim
		Generally used Geir refers to a Geir Toshav (Hebrew: גר תושב;, literally "Resident Stranger") which is except for the time and place in which they live the same as a Ger asher b-Shaari (Stranger who is at the gates) also known as Geir Ha Shaar (Stranger of The Gates).
		A Ger toshav according to Judaism and the Torah, is a gentile who is a "resident alien," that is, one who lives in the Land of Israel under certain protections of the system, and is considered a righteous gentile.
		A formal Ger Toshav is a gentile who has made certain legal statements in a Beth Din (Jewish rabbinical court).
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Ger_Tzedek (1123 words)

	MyJewishLearning.com - Lifecycle: Talmudic Period
		A ger toshav, or settler convert, also called a ger ha-sha'ar (or proselyte of the gate, as in Exodus 20:10), was a resident alien given permission to live in land controlled by Jews if he or she did not worship other gods or engage in idolatry of any kind or blaspheme God.
		In addition, a ger toshav had to observe the Noahide laws [seven laws considered binding on all humam beings, including prohibition of idolatry and murder].
		The ger toshav did not have to perform work on the Sabbath, but was not required to join in worship or perform specifically Jewish religious commandments.
	www.myjewishlearning.com /lifecycle/Conversion/HistoryConversion/Talmudichistory.htm (1324 words)

	Torah Community Connections \| Weekly Parasha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Shem Olam: Sometimes the “vav” is a “vav” that distinguishes, in the sense of a “ger” or a “toshav”.
		Then its meaning is “ger toshav” – as if it has no “vav” – as in verse 47.
		Rashi: A “ger toshav” is one who accepts upon himself the seven mitzvot that were commanded to Noach, but is permitted to eat meat that has not been properly slaughtered.
	www.moreshet.net /oldsite/parasha/5762/behar62.htm (558 words)

	Ger V’Toshav: Resident Aliens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It is that moment of second thought and reflection that we have as we slow from 80 miles and hour to 55 as we race by the silhouetted portrait of a family, any family, risking life and limb to gain entry into our country.
		A ger toshav enjoyed all of the protections that society offered its citizens but was exempt by virtue of his special status from many of the requirements of citizenship.
		A ger toshav was a protected visitor and honored guest in a society, and most of all the health and welfare of a ger toshav was the sacred responsibility of each citizen in that society.
	www.koltikvah.org /991105.htm (1148 words)

	Shabbat Shalom The weekly parsha commentary - parshat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The word ger first appears in the Covenant of the Pieces [Brit ben ha'betarim], when the Holy One blessed be He says to Abram, Know verily that your offspring shall be a ger in a land not their own (Bereishit 15:13).
		The ger who resides with you shall be to you as one of your citizens; you shall love him as yourself, for you were gerim in the land of Egypt: I the Lord am your God (Vayikra 19:33-34).
		But it may be given to a ger toshav either through sale or as a gift because you are commanded to sustain him, for it is sad, a ger and resident, let him live by your side.
	www.netivot-shalom.org.il /parshaeng/behaalotkha5765.php (2777 words)

	Proselyte - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It has been suggested that Ger Tzedek be merged into this article or section.
		It has been suggested that Ger Toshav be merged into this article or section.
		It is a translation of the Hebrew word גר/Ger (Strong's H1616).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Proselyte (1347 words)

	Jewish, Jewish, Everywhere, & not a drop to drink (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ger Tzedek is still a non-Jew, there is no term in Halakha for a convert since it is against the law to even remind a convert of their past.
		A "Ger" or a "Ger Tzedek" is someone who has become fully and Halachically Jewish 100% because they have undergone "GIUR" ("Conversion) and this is what makes them into a "Ger".
		One CANNOT be refered to as either a "Ger" or "Ger Tzedek" PRIOR to the actual "day of conversion" when an AUTHORIZED Beit Din accepts the PROSPECTIVE Ger and oversees the Halachic requirements, such as immersion in the Mikveh supervised by that Beth Din.
	simshalom.blogspot.com /2004/05/debating-terminology-on-wikipedias-jew.html (8177 words)

	Ahavat Yisrael Publication \| Articles \| Chanukkah (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Whereas, as stated, the word ger in the Bible was taken to refer to the proselyte, the ger toshav, the “resident stranger,” was regarded as belonging to a different and special character.
		Various views are expressed by the rabbis as to the qualifications which entitle the resident gentile to be accepted as a ger toshav, ranging from the renunciation of idolatry to one who accepts the whole of the discipline of the Torah with the exception of the dietary laws (Av.
		The laws, privileges, and restrictions of the ger toshav are exhaustively dealt with in the Talmud.
	www.ahavat.com /articles/gdfearers.htm (2663 words)

	FORWARD : Arts & Letters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the Bible, a ger is a resident stranger, that is, a person from elsewhere, or one of his ethnically distinct descendants, who is living among a people not his own.
		Such a ger was in effect a convert to Judaism, although not all gerim went this far.
		In rabbinic literature we have the term ger tsedek, the "just ger," to distinguish the sincere convert not only from the ger toshav, the "resident ger" who does not convert, but from the ger sheker or "mendacious ger" who converts for ulterior motives or material gain.
	www.forward.com /issues/2002/02.12.06/arts5.html (528 words)

	Ger v'Toshav - stranger and sojourner
		This is a paradoxical phrase, since a ger is one who is just passing through, like a visitor or tourist, whereas a toshav is one who is a resident, like a settler or citizen.
		Being ger v’toshav means understanding that the changes of life are the medium for that which is eternal and abiding.
		Like a stranger, the ger v’toshav holds on to things lightly, yet at the same time is passionately committed to them as a gift from God.
	www.hebrew4christians.com /Meditations/Ger_Toshav/ger_toshav.html (279 words)

	Rabbi Bar-Chayim: A Jew Is Called "Man" - Part 2
		The halacha is the same concerning a ger toshav, as is explicitly stated in the Mechilta of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai on the above mentioned verse: "'Upon his neighbor' -- with the exception of others, 'his neighbor' -- with the exception of the ger toshav.
		A Jew who kills a ger toshav is not put to death for this by a Beit Din, as it is said: 'But if a man comes upon his neighbor with intent.' And it need not be said that he is not put to death for [the killing of] a Gentile.
		One who kills a Gentile, and even a ger toshav, is not put to death for this by the Beit Din, even if he kills him with intent.
	www.come-and-hear.com /supplement/so-daat-emet/en_gentiles2.html (2613 words)

	FORWARD : News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In his piece, Rabbi Greenberg avoids the controversial task of deciding which rights would be extended to a modern-day ger toshav, and he declines to outline a specific ritual for achieving that status.
		The willingness of a non-Jewish partner to become a ger toshav became Rabbi Fisher's litmus test for deciding whether to officiate at such ceremonies.
		Those who obtain the status of ger toshav are treated virtually the same as Jewish members of the synagogue, while limits are placed on the participation of other non-Jewish spouses.
	www.forward.com /issues/2001/01.08.24/news2.html (1305 words)

	Ger Toshav
		Rebbi Meir maintains that a Ger Toshav is a Nochri (stranger) who accepts upon himself, in front of three "Chaverim" (Talmidei Chachamim), not to worship idols.
		The Chachamim say that a Ger Toshav is a Nochri who accepts upon himself to observe the seven Mitzvos of Bnei Noach.
		Acherim maintain that the above opinions are incorrect, and that a Ger Toshav is a Nochri who accepts all of the Mitzvos except for not eating Neveilos (animals that were not slaughtered properly).
	www.noachide.org.uk /html/ger_toshav.html (594 words)

	Avodah V5 #123
		This applies to a ger toshav, but as for a gentile it is forbidden > for him to dwell among Jews and to work on the Sabbath lest the Jews learn > from his deeds" (Tannaitic text published 40 years ago called MRE, sec.20, > 374.
		If the suggestion is that someone who wanted to convert, to become a Ger Tzedek, was first required to undergo a test period as a Ger Toshav before he converted, I would say interesting and, if true, an excellent idea on the part of the tannaim and/or amoraim.
		According to the Ridbaz, all of the cases in that passage are of a Ger Toshav who accepted different levels of mitzvah observance but DID NOT accept to be circumcised.
	www.aishdas.org /avodah/vol05/v05n123.shtml (2980 words)

	Avodah V5 #33
		He writes that it is permitted to sell land to a ger toshav in a city (which would be assur in times of yovel), but that we are not commanded to be mechaye a ger toshav b'zman hazeh (which AIUI is why you think the Supreme Court was correct, i.e.
		That is the din that you have to allow a goy to live among you is only a din in ger toshav mamash, and the Arabs do not qualify as a ger toshav mamash, even according to the Raavad.
		What I was querying was why it made a difference, if that was the reason, whether Robert bought from an akum, a full fledged ger toshav (if such existed) or from you, as he would still be fulfilling the mitzvah of yishuv eretz yisroel that he had previously not fulfilled.
	www.aishdas.org /avodah/vol05/v05n033.shtml (4074 words)

	A SABBATICAL STUDY
		The Sabbath only applied to the Jew, the ger tzaddik, and the ger toshav, ready to convert, who were within "the gates of the Israelites".
		A ger tzaddik is the name for a Gentile after he has entered the covenant and becomes a Jew.) It did not apply to all people.
		From this we can understand why a Ger Toshav will be taught by his teacher to observe the Sabbath in preparation for his conversion, his entering the covenant, even as the Jews began practicing before their conversion at Sinai.
	www.backtoyahweh.com /study.htm (18229 words)

	Steve Greenberg, Between Intermarriage and Conversion: Finding a Middle Way
		ger toshav, or resident alien, who occupied this in-between position in biblical times.
		ger toshav status would provide a means of sustaining their own faith while still being wonderful parents to Jewish kids.
		ger toshav, or alien resident, was given a place in ancient Judea.
	www.clal.org /ss43.html (1848 words)

	yeshiva.org.il - Shabbat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		According to the Rambam (Shabbat 20; 14) a Ger Toshav can do Melacha for himself on Shabbat but not on behalf of a Jew.
		If you ask a non-Jew to do a prohibited Melacha for you on Shabbat: if he is a Ger Toshav it is a Torah prohibition; if a regular non Jew – a rabbinic prohibition.
		Ger Toshav will only be accepted as such, when Yovel we be practiced.
	www.yeshiva.org.il /ask/eng/print.asp?id=2511 (140 words)

	A Taste of Torah in Honor of Shabbat by Rabbi Avi Weiss (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Still, as he buries his wife, he emotionally cries out that as accomplished as he may be, in the en he is vulnerable, with glaring weaknesses and frailties-just like everyone else.
		Hence, ger toshav encapsulates the the human condition.
		As much as a person is a toshav a "resident" in control of life, in the same breath one is a ger, a "stranger" -here one day and gone the next.
	www.hir.org /torah/rabbi/5759/hayeisarah59.htm (383 words)

	behar5765
		The ger toshav, the "resident alien" is a fascinating concept.
		One attains a certain comfort level with the lifestyles, practices, and rules of the community in which they are a ger toshav, but there is always that little separation.
		There are things the ger toshav cannot understand, cannot comprehend in quite the same fashion.
	home.comcast.net /~adurlester/musings/behar5765.htm (564 words)

	Jewish view of marriage
		Many of these people find Judaism spiritually or theologically attractive and when married to a Jew are willing to have a Jewish household, go to synagogue, and raise their children as Jewish.
		These people are known as a "Ger Toshav" (Hebrew: literally, resident gentile who lives among Jews).
		In a new development in the Jewish community, over the past 30 years, a small but growing number of liberal rabbis have come to feel that a marriage between a Ger Toshav and a Jew is not a threat to Jewish continuity.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/je/Jewish_view_of_marriage.html (1688 words)

	: Ger Toshav (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		DONATE IN U.S. A Ger Toshav (Resident Alien) is a legal category of "Noahide" (i.e.
		The Ger Toshav status is only applicable during a time when the 12 Jewish Tribes are ingathered and settled in their Biblically assigned territories.
		Since the time that the 10 northern Tribes of ancient Israel were exiled and lost, before the destruction of the First Temple, the Yovel years have not been able to be observed, and it is not applicable to have the Ger Toshav status.
	www.bnainoach.com /tiki-index.php?page=ger+toshav (526 words)

	Vaera
		He (or she) is called a "ger toshav" ("a resident convert").
		Yet, as the Rambam explains, the Ger Toshav is a person that actively accepted upon himself in front of a Jewish Bet Din to fulfill these Mitzvot, in a way that's similar to conversion.
		A "Ger Toshav" can come to Bet din and decide upon any number of Mitzvot from the minimum seven up to a maximum of 612, and from that point on is obliged to keep them.
	www.betzvi.com /BZpage/vaera.htm (670 words)

	Ger toshav: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The procedure has been discontinued since the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem The temple in jerusalem or the holy temple (beit hamikdash in hebrew) was built in ancient jerusalem and was the center of israelite and jewish...
		Mohel A mohel, or moel, is a jewish ritual circumcisor who performs a brit milah ritual circumcision on the penis of a male who is to enter the jewish covenant....
		Ger tzedek In judaism, a ger (hebrew: "stranger" or "convert") or ger tzedek ("righteous convert" or "convert of righteousness") is a gentile who has undergone religious conversion (giur) to...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /g/ger_toshav (954 words)

	rabbi hillel and the gentile's salvation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Ger Toshav obligated himself only to the Seven Noahide Commandments, after which he was permitted to settle in the Land of Israel, and the Jewish community became liable to see to his economic well-being.
		In the Bible the Ger Hashar is seen as "the stranger in the gate", and the Ger Toshav was known as "the stranger in the land." These also accepted the faith of Israel (ethical monotheism) and were immersed, but withheld themselves from circumcision.
		Once the Ger Tzedek was accepted as a Jew, he was entitled to all the privileges that Jews born into the faith enjoyed.
	faithofyeshua.faithweb.com /rabbi_hillel_gentile_salvation.htm (3347 words)

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