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	Ger tzedek - Creedopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In Judaism, a ger (Hebrew: "stranger" or "convert") or Ger-tzedek">ger tzedek ("righteous convert" or "convert of righteousness") is a gentile who has undergone religious conversion (giur) to Judaism by fulfilling the ritual requirements for such conversion accepting the obligations of Jewish religious observance.
		Religious conversion : a ger tzedek ("convert" or"proselyte") requires a beth din to be accepted into Judaism; it is convened to determine whether or not a prospective convert is ready to enter the "Covenant of Abraham" and to join the Jewish people.
		Religious conversion: a Ger-tzedek">ger tzedek ("convert" or "proselyte") requires a beth din to be accepted into Judaism; it is convened to determine whether or not a prospective convert is sufficiently prepared to enter the "Covenant of Abraham" and to join the Jewish people.
	www.creedopedia.com /topics/Ger-tzedek (1032 words)

	Dei'ah veDibur - Information & Insight - IN-DEPTH FEATURES
		Some say that the Ger Tzedek was captured on the night of his wedding to the daughter of the miller of Ilia, 13 Adar 5509 (1749), about a year after he came to Ilia.
		A wondrous phenomenon occurred at the grave of the ashes of the Ger Tzedek in the ancient cemetery in Vilna.
		When the Ger Tzedek was brought to Vilna in chains, he cursed the informer, his sons, grandchildren and great-grandchildren until the tenth generation, that none of them will be physically whole men and that none of them will die in their beds.
	chareidi.shemayisrael.com /archives5760/nasso/features.htm (7632 words)

	Wikinfo \| Gerim
		Ger (plural Gerim) or Geir (plural Geirim) is the Hebrew word for a stranger/foreigner who sojourns with Jews.
		A Ger toshav according to Judaism and the Torah, is a gentile who is a "resident alien," that is, one who lives in the Land of Israel under certain protections of the system, and is considered a righteous gentile.
		A formal Ger Toshav is a gentile who has made certain legal statements in a Beth Din (Jewish rabbinical court).
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Ger_Tzedek (1123 words)

	Ger Tzedek (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Ger Tzedek believes that we must revive this noble tradition in the way that best fits its purpose: determining those who are suited to being part of our people.
		They ask the Ger whether he or she is willing to join in the sufferings of the Jewish people, who represent all that the forces of evil despise and who bear the brunt of the evil-doers' wrath.
		When a potential Ger knows that there was a high but well-defined and fair barrier to cross in order to be accepted into the Jewish people, then this potential Ger sees a challenge to reach a high personal level in the three areas of intellectual, spiritual, and practical suitability.
	naamah.atspace.com /GerTzedek/GerTzedek.html (2368 words)

	The “Steps” of Our Path
		Tzedek is the goal of God’s direction of the world.” (Commentary to Genesis 15:6).
		Rabbi Hirsch explains that some of the mitzvos are acts of tzedek to human beings, while other mitzvos are acts of tzedek towards the living creatures of the earth and the earth itself.
		People who follow the Torah path of tzedek are called “tzadikim.” When we become tzadikim who strive for tzedek, we can inherit the Promised Land, as it is written, “Tzedek, tzedek, shall you pursue, so that you will live and possess the Land that the Compassionate One, your God, gives you” (Deuteronomy 16:20).
	www.shemayisrael.co.il /publicat/hazon/tzedaka/steps.htm (973 words)

	Jerusalem Ger: The Genius and the Ger
		Of course the Ger needs to constantly refine the purity of his motivations, as does the Angel and the Yisrael.
		Of Course the Ger also needs to listen and connect to his fellow Jew.However the Ger has a vehicle that is unique to him - his blessings.
		According to the Gaon, the greatness of the Ger is that he has the unique opportunity and privilege to demonstrate to the world that closeness to G-d is for everyone.
	jerusalemger.blogspot.com /2006/09/genius-and-ger.html (583 words)

	MyJewishLearning.com - Lifecycle: Talmudic Period
		A ger toshav, or settler convert, also called a ger ha-sha'ar (or proselyte of the gate, as in Exodus 20:10), was a resident alien given permission to live in land controlled by Jews if he or she did not worship other gods or engage in idolatry of any kind or blaspheme God.
		In addition, a ger toshav had to observe the Noahide laws [seven laws considered binding on all humam beings, including prohibition of idolatry and murder].
		The second category of gerim was the ger tzedek, a righteous proselyte, one who converted for the sake of religious truth and not for any other motive.
	www.myjewishlearning.com /lifecycle/Conversion/HistoryConversion/Talmudichistory.htm (1324 words)

	Shabbat Shalom The weekly parsha commentary - parshat
		The Sages, together with the majority of traditional exegetes, understand the ger mentioned in our parasha to be a ger tzedek, making it obvious that he would be required to celebrate the paschal sacrifice and even the second Pesah if some justified reason kept him from bringing the paschal sacrifice in its proper time.
		The word ger first appears in the Covenant of the Pieces [Brit ben ha'betarim], when the Holy One blessed be He says to Abram, Know verily that your offspring shall be a ger in a land not their own (Bereishit 15:13).
		The ger who resides with you shall be to you as one of your citizens; you shall love him as yourself, for you were gerim in the land of Egypt: I the Lord am your God (Vayikra 19:33-34).
	www.netivot-shalom.org.il /parshaeng/behaalotkha5765.php (2777 words)

	Mail-Jewish Volume 23 Number 15
		It may very well be necessary for Yitro, as the prototypical ger tzedek to be present on behalf of all future gerim, at the moment of matan torah (even if this occurs only in the Torah's narrative, rather than in actual chronology).
		The mitzva to "love the ger" does not suddenly spring into operation at the moment the ger comes out of the mikveh; it should govern our attitude toward those still engaging in their spiritual journey toward that point.
		This is the acid test of gyerut: whether the ger sincerely views himself as a full member of the Jewish People, and understands and feels that as such, he is bound by the yoke of the mitzvot as if he had stood there at Sinai for the matan torah.
	www.ottmall.com /mj_ht_arch/v23/mj_v23i15.html (2145 words)

	Ger (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Ger (or Gur) is a Hasidic dynasty from that town.
		Ger or ger tzedek is a gentile who has undergone religious conversion to Judaism.
		Ger is the name of several communes in France:
	www.keywordmage.net /ge/ger.html (101 words)

	The Rainbow People: Part Three
		As we explained previously, “tzedek” is the Divine plan whereby each creature is entitled to receive the nurturing and protection it needs in order to fulfill its purpose within the creation.
		The Vilna Gaon, a noted sage of the 18th century, explains that the phrase “offerings of tzedek” refers to the offerings brought by converts, since Jewish tradition calls a convert a “ger tzedek” - a convert for tzedek.
		Tzedek will be the girdle round his loins, and faith will be the girdle round his waist.
	www.shemayisrael.co.il /publicat/hazon/tzedaka/rainbow3.htm (1145 words)

	Academy for Jewish Religion > The Journal > Volume 2, Number 1 > Noble Soul: The Life and Legend of the Vilna Ger ...
		The author recounts the fascinating tale of Walenty Potocki, also variously referred to as Graf Potocki, the Ger Tzedek (righteous convert), and Abraham ben Abraham, a Polish count who converted to Judaism and was martyred by the Church in 1749.
		The first published account about the Ger Tzedek did not appear until 1841, almost a century after he was martyred.
		The details, in the various sources examined, vary and some are clearly fictional embellishments but the core of the narrative is sustained, thus arguing strongly that the Ger Tzedek and his execution were real.
	www.ajrsem.org /index.php?id=211 (876 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A Ger Toshav is a member of a recognized class of non-Jew who follows certain laws and lives within our sovereignty.
		A Ger Toshav is NOT understood as being a convert.
		A Ger Tzedek, or, righteous stranger, is understood to be a convert.
	www.theconversionofthejews.com /g7 (248 words)

	Graf Pototzki, The Ger-Tzedek of Vilna
		In the opinion of the Jewish masses, the Ger Tzedek's tomb was almost as holy as the tomb of the Vilna Gaon (the "Gra") zt'l.
		The Jews of the city used to show the site where the Ger Tzedek was burnt at the stake on a street called "the Wide Road." They said that the trees for the fire were brought by gentiles of Sapinikes, a suburb of Vilna.
		Some say that the Ger Tzedek was captured on the night of his wedding to the daughter of the miller of Ilya, 13 Adar 5509 (1749), about a year after he came to Ilya.
	www.chelseashul.org /Judaism/Pototzky.htm (3655 words)

	What's Bothering Rashi
		The term "ger" means a person who has not been born in that land (where he is presently living) but has come from another country to dwell there.
		He never defined the word "ger" before in the Torah because it's meaning is clear and never needed clarification.
		Likewise here: The Torah is telling us to be sensitive to anyone who is a "ger" because as long as your status is similar to his, even if in name only, then you too are vulnerable to his taunts and thus you, of all people, should be sensitive to his vulnerable position.
	www.shemayisrael.co.il /parsha/bonchek/archives/mishpatim60.htm (749 words)

	USCJ: Mishpatim 5764
		Do not harass the ger and do not oppress him, because you were gerim (pl. of ger) in the land of Egypt.
		However, the Talmud interprets at least the first instance of the term ger to refer to a convert (ger tzedek, as the term later developed), i.e., one who converted to Judaism.
		The ger – whether a stranger or a convert – is more susceptible to suffering harm and requires from the law a high level of protection.
	www.uscj.org /Mishpatim_57646304.html (1092 words)

	GER TZEDEK Articles from AMAZINES.COM - The Article Database and EZine Publishers Database
		A convert to Judaism is referred to as a ger tzedek (Hebrew: "righteous proselyte" or "proselyte [of] righteousness") or simply ger ("stranger" or "proselyte").
		In post-Talmudic times, the word ger has become synonymous with ger tzedek, likewise its English counterpart (proselyte), has come to mean a convert to Judaism.
		For a variety of reasons, rabbis have traditionally discouraged people from converting to Judaism, and most will insist that the candidate for conversion demonstrate his/her commitment in word and deed before the conversion is undertaken.
	www.amazines.com /Ger_Tzedek_related.html (489 words)

	Avodah V5 #123
		This applies to a ger toshav, but as for a gentile it is forbidden > for him to dwell among Jews and to work on the Sabbath lest the Jews learn > from his deeds" (Tannaitic text published 40 years ago called MRE, sec.20, > 374.
		If the suggestion is that someone who wanted to convert, to become a Ger Tzedek, was first required to undergo a test period as a Ger Toshav before he converted, I would say interesting and, if true, an excellent idea on the part of the tannaim and/or amoraim.
		A Ger Tzedek has the intent to become a Jew and join the Jewish people and immerses in a mikvah for that purpose.
	www.aishdas.org /avodah/vol05/v05n123.shtml (2980 words)

	Ger - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Ger, ger, ger : Encarta® World English Dictionary, North American Edition [home, info]
		Ger, ger : The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language [home, info]
		Phrases that include Ger: ger ha shaar, ger ryan, ger tzedek, l.
	www.onelook.com /cgi-bin/cgiwrap/bware/dofind.cgi?word=Ger (148 words)

	Chavurath B'nei Noach: ViewPoint: November 1998: Why Don't You Convert?
		A ger toshav (a stranger in the gate) is halachically considered to be a half-convert, or a half-proselyte.
		It is my understanding that I am not permitted to entice, coerce, or in anyway overtly or covertly force my spouse to become a ger tzedek against his or her will.
		According to some sources, when a Ben or a Bas Noach (a son or a daughter of Noah) is so driven to become a ger tzedek, a full or righteous proselyte, it means that they quite possibly have a Jewish soul held captive in their non-Jewish body.
	webpages.charter.net /chavurathbneinoach/nov98view.html (802 words)

	katif.net in English
		It is said that when the Vilna Gaon found out what was happening, he advised the Ger Tzedek not to live in a large city like Vilna but to move to a small village where no one would recognize him.
		The Chofetz Chaim, who used to tell over the story of the Ger Tzedek often, related that the Gra (the Vilna Gaon) offered to save him from being tortured and killed through the use of Sheimos Kedoshim (the holy names of G-d) according to kabalah.
		The Ger Tzedek, Reb Avrohom ben Avrohom, purified himself with all kinds of holiness, but there was one thing he could not rectify -- that he was not born in kedusha, because he had a gentile mother.
	english.katif.net /index.php?id=2131%E2%8A%82=6 (1663 words)

	Shabbat Shalom The weekly parsha commentary - parshat
		The repeated juxtaposition of the ger with the orphan and the widow hints at his low and vulnerable social standing.
		Therefore, the Torah damns “he that casts aside the case of a ger, an orphan, or a widow!” Mistreatment of orphans and widows, as well as of gerim, is also mentioned by the prophets.
		ger expresses a noble socio-ethical concept – concern for the weak and vulnerable classes in society.
	www.netivot-shalom.org.il /parshaeng/kitavo5761.php (3036 words)

	Noahide laws - CreationWiki
		From the Jewish perspective, if a non-Jew keeps all of the laws entailed in the categories covered by the Seven Noahide commandments, then he or she is considered a Ger Toshav (sojourning alien) when with a congregation of Israel.
		A Ger Tzedek is a person who prefers to proceed to religious conversion, a procedure that is generally discouraged by all sects of Judaism, and allowed only after much thought and deliberation over the conversion has taken place.
		There is some disagreement over the status of Christianity; Conservative Jews see Christianity as idolotrous because of the doctrine of the Trinity and Jesus's divinity, while more liberal Jewish scholars consider it acceptable for Gentiles so long as only the One God is worshipped.
	creationwiki.org /Noahide_laws (674 words)

	Ruth - Shavuot Personalities
		Shavuot is the "time of the giving of our Torah," and when we received it, we too, like the ger tzedek, pledged to accept the Torah and fulfill its 613 commandments.
		If, despite all these considerations and warnings, the person still persists in his or her desire to embrace Judaism, then indeed we can be proud to accept such a man or woman into our fold, for they will surely become devout and sincere Jews.
		Onkelos, the famous author of the Aramaic translation of the Bible was such a ger tzedek, and so, too, was Ruth.
	www.chabad.org /library/article.asp?AID=2052 (1611 words)

	Beyond BT » Blog Archive » Born Anew or Born a Jew?
		Since I am a ger who, because of my ethnic backgroud, can’t “fool” people about my origins, I get a lot of satifaction out knowing that just being being a good, Torah observant Jew day in and day out, I’m demonstrating that geirim are a normal, positive component of the Jewish community.
		The fact that Avraham uvini (avinu) was the first ger tzedek is commonly known so I wonder little beat because seams to me that you know her and there.
		And then leave it to yours truly to managed to, in perhaps a state of impulsiveness, rub a Ger married to a BT the wrong way by sending them this link with a suggestion that perhaps they would post their feelings as to the differences and similarities they perceive about their two paths to Yiddishkeit.
	www.beyondbt.com /?p=538 (6598 words)

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