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Topic: Gerd Binnig

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	Generating Experimental Knowledge
		In 1999 Binnig and Rohrer described their instrument as "an electronic-mechanical hybrid: the probe positioning is mechanics, whereas the interaction is sensed by the tunneling current, which is of quantum mechanical origin".
		Binnig and Rohrer changed mechanically the roles of the "piezo-motor" and the "piezodrive"; they mounted the tip on the piezodrive, and fixed the surface to the support moved by the piezo-motor.
		In 1999 Binnig and Rohrer descried the path to the STM as characterized by a "new appreciation of mechanics".
	www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de /GenExpKnowl/granek.html (884 words)

	Accurion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In the early 1980s Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer of IBM Switzerland found a way to image surface structures [1].
		Binnig and Rohrer were honored in 1986 for this discovery with the Nobel price.
		In 1986 Gerd Binnig and his IBM colleague Christoph Gerber, and Calvin Quate of Stanford University in California developed the first AFM (atomic force microscope) [2].
	www.accurion.com /afm/1_afm.php (1131 words)

	IEEEVM: Gerd Binnig
		Gerd Binnig was born on 20 July 1947 in Frankfurt, Germany.
		Binnig realized that the process through which he and Rohrer invented the STM could not be explained through extant theoretical models of how creativity functions.
		Binnig now argues that creativity works according to a model he calls “fractal Darwinism,” in which new ideas are generated by moving between different scales of analysis in order to solve specific problems.
	www.ieee-virtual-museum.org /collection/people.php?id=1234796&lid=1 (636 words)

	SPT v8n2: Changes in the Design of Scanning Tunneling Microscopic Images from 1980 to 1990 by Jochen Hennig
		Although Binnig and Rohrer referred to these two causes in their first publication on the scanning tunneling microscope, it became apparent in the first few years of STM research that this separation could not be maintained.
		Binnig and Rohrer 1993) and was reproduced in innumerable review articles and summaries of the historical development of scanning tunneling microscopy.
		Binnig and Rohrer's group continued to play the role of an avant-garde, in collaboration with the visualization work group at the IBM research laboratory Rüschlikon.
	scholar.lib.vt.edu /ejournals/SPT/v8n2/hennig.html (5167 words)

	Gerd Binnig - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Binnig, Gerd, 1947-, German physicist, Ph.D. Univ. of Frankfurt, 1978.
		At the IBM Research Laboratory in Zürich, Binnig and fellow researcher Heinrich Rohrer built the first scanning tunneling microscope, an instrument so sensitive that it can distinguish individual atoms.
		For their innovation they shared the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physics with Ernst Ruska, who invented (1933) the first electron microscope.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-binnig-g1.html (237 words)

	IEEE Spectrum Careers
		In 1986, Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer received the Nobel Prize in physics for inventing the STM at IBM's Zurich Research Laboratory five years before.
		MASTER MICROSCOPER: Gerd Binnig at IBM's Zurich Research Laboratory in Switzerland, where he invented the scanning tunneling microscope and opened the door to the nanotech revolution.
		Now, in an IBM research effort called the Millipede project, Binnig and his colleagues are putting thousands of AFM probes together in arrays to create a new kind of data storage device.
	www.spectrum.ieee.org /careers/careerstemplate.jsp?ArticleId=i050504 (1481 words)

	Historical Perspective (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Gerd Binnig was born in Frankfurt, W. Germany on 7/20/47.
		Gerd' interest in physics started at an early age of ten.
		Gerd began losing his interest in physics to his hobby of music.
	mse.vt.edu /faculty/hendricks/mse4206/projects98/group01/history.html (324 words)

	Gerd Binnig
		Gerd Binnig (born July 20, 1947) is a German-born physicist who shared with Heinrich Rohrer half of the 1986 Nobel Prize for Physics for their invention of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM).
		Binnig graduated from Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt and received a doctorate from the University of Frankfurt in 1978.
		The tip of the STM's probe is only about one angstrom wide (100 picometers, or about the width of an atom), and the distance between it and the surface being studied is only about 5 to 10 angstroms (0.5 nm to 1.0 nm).
	www.mlahanas.de /Physics/Bios/GerdBinnig.html (283 words)

	Binnig Gerd Karl - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Binnig Gerd Karl - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Binnig, Gerd Karl, born in 1947, German physicist and Nobel Prize winner.
		Rundstedt, Karl Rudolf Gerd von (1875-1953), German military commander during World War II.
	encarta.msn.com /Binnig_Gerd_Karl.html (118 words)

	IEEE Spectrum: The Race to the Bottom
		Binnig, a Nobel laureate in physics and a star in IBM Corp.'s metamorphosing research apparatus, and Rust, a self-taught engineer who founded a start-up with a staff of 16, are in many ways nanotechnology's least likely pair of combatants.
		Soon after Binnig's arrival, fellow footballer and Nobel laureate Rohrer organized the first of many brainstorming sessions that focused on creating large AFM probe arrays on a single silicon chip for highly parallel and ultradense data storage.
		Gerd Binnig and his colleagues described the Millipede system in great technical detail in "The 'Millipede'—Nanotechnology Entering Data Storage," by P. Vettiger et al., IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology, March 2002.
	www.spectrum.ieee.org /print/2075 (6353 words)

	Human Resources
		In 1978, Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer began to work on the development of an STM, and by 1981 they were in a position to document their first success.
		In 1986, Binnig and Rohrer received the Nobel Prize in physics for the invention of the STM and its inital use in elucidating surface structures.
		In 1982, Binnig and Rohrer accomplished this feat and went on to solve an important problem in the field of surface science concerning the surface structure of Si(111).
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /~dpullman/stm/stm3.html (4084 words)

	Gerd Karl Binnig (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		gerd The STM was the first Scanning Probe Microscope to be developed and it is problem still able to produce the highest resolution images of conducting surfaces.
		The scanning tunneling microscope invented by Gerd Karl Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer.
		Click here if you are looking for gerd karl binnig Gerd Karl Binnig Born Jul 20 1947 Scanning Tunneling Microscope.
	www.glycowholesaler.com /gerd-karl-binnig.htm (304 words)

	The “Millipede”—More than one thousand tips for future AFM data storage - Author bios
		Binnig at the University of Munich, where he contributed to the development of AFMs for applications to liquids for investigating living cells.
		Gerd K. Binnig IBM Research, Zurich Research Laboratory, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland (gbi@zurich.ibm.com).
		Dr. Binnig studied physics at the University of Frankfurt, Germany, where he completed his Ph.D. in 1978 with a dissertation on superconductivity.
	www.research.ibm.com /journal/rd/443/vettiaut.html (1249 words)

	IBM Research \| Zurich Research Laboratory
		Nobel laureates Gerd Binnig (left) and Heinrich Rohrer (right) of IBM's Zurich Research Laboratory were awarded the Nobel prize for Physics in 1986 for the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM).
		Nobel laureates Heinrich Rohrer (left) and Gerd Binnig (right) of IBM's Zurich Research Laboratory, shown here with a first-generation scanning tunneling microscope (STM) for the invention of which they were awarded the Nobel prize for Physics in 1986.
		A model of a first breakthrough result — the 7x7 reconstruction of silicon atoms at the surface — was created by cutting a sheet of paper corresponding to each line scan and gluing the sheets together (center).
	www.zurich.ibm.com /imagegallery/st/nobelprizes (186 words)

	Scanning Tunneling Microscope \| World of Invention
		When Binnig and Rohrer met in 1978 they were both working at IBM research laboratories in different cities, each studying the atomic structures of surfaces.
		The STM that Binnig and Rohrer had built was actually based upon the field ion microscope invented by Erwin Wilhelm Müller.
		In Binnig and Rohrer's device, a similar needle is placed in a vacuum, above a specimen to be scanned at a height of less than one nanometer.
	www.bookrags.com /research/scanning-tunneling-microscope-woi (741 words)

	Theory and Simulation of SPM
		Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer, both from IBM in Zurich, won the Nobel prize in 1986 for the invention of the Scanning Tunneling microscope.
		Binnig, C.F. Quate and C.H. Gerber developed the Atomic Force Microscope, in 1986, that could also be used to explore samples that are not electrically conductive.Previous microscopists observed small objects by bombarding them with electrons or electromagnetic radiations (light of various wavelengths).
		The engineering effort in the 1950's and 1960's that led to device miniaturization from millimeter to micrometer size scales was clearly a great technological achievement but scientifically it was relatively straightforward.
	invsee.asu.edu /nmodules/spmmod/history.html (458 words)

	HealthAnswer.org Articles on Gastrical problems > GERD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD, or GORD when -oesophageal, the BE form, is substituted) is injury to the esophagus that develops from chronic exposure of the esophagus to acid coming up from the stomach (reflux).
		In contrast, heartburn is the symptom of acid in the esophagus, characterized by a burning discomfort behind the breastbone (sternum).
		It is essential for individuals who suffer persistent heartburn or other chronic and recurrent symptoms of GERD to seek an accurate diagnosis, to work with their physician, and to receiv...
	www.healthanswer.org /GERD_s112.html (945 words)

	Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
		Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer, two researchers at IBM Research in Zurich, Switzerland, were arguably the first to connect theory and practice successfully to break the barriers imposed by the Abbé criterion when they published the results of their development of a new instrument that did not use diffraction to produce an image in 1982.
		By pairing their scanning tunneling microscope with ultra-high vacuum and in-situ surface vaporization, Bennig and Rohrer were able to disprove every existing theory on the 7 x 7 structure of the silicon (111) surface and show what the surface atoms’ reconstruction configuration is[4].
		The invention of the scanning tunneling microscope in the early half of the 1980s by Binnig and Rohrer was the key to unlocking true atomic resolution, and their instrument threw open the doors to understanding many different surface phenomena.
	www.eden.rutgers.edu /~glock/academia/stm.html (4300 words)

	Invent Now \| Hall of Fame \| Search \| Inventor Profile
		The most recent revolution came with Heinrich Rohrer and Gerd Karl Binnig's scanning tunneling microscope (STM), invented in 1981, which provided the first images of individual atoms on the surfaces of materials.
		Only five years after Binnig and Rohrer built the first STM, they were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics.
		Binnig and Rohrer began their STM work at the IBM Zurich Division's Research Laboratory in 1978.
	www.invent.org /hall_of_fame/1_1_6_detail.asp?vInventorID=123 (221 words)

	Der Physiker Gerd Binnig
		1986 erhalten Gerd Binnig und Heinrich Rohrer vom IBM Forschungslabor bei Zürich den Nobelpreis für Physik.
		Gerd Binnig hält sich für einen anwendungsorientierten Forscher, doch er hat auch keine Angst vor Visionen und Spekulationen.
		Dabei will Gerd Binnig nicht die herkömmliche Silizium-Technologie verbessern, sondern sie ersetzen: sein Nanospeicher funktioniert nach einem ganz anderen Prinzip.
	www.3sat.de /nano/cstuecke/07873 (334 words)

	Technology Review: Bugged about the Future of Magnetic Storage?
		Millipede is a direct descendent of atomic force microscopy (AFM), a research tool invented by Binnig and IBM co-workers in 1986 that uses a tiny needle mounted on a sensitive cantilever to probe and mechanically manipulate nanometer-sized objects, including atoms.
		To speed things up, Binnig and co-worker Peter Vettiger, the leaders of IBM Zurich's micron and nanomechanics team, replaced the single AFM tip with an array of tips that can "read" the nanometer-scaled depressions in parallel.
		Binnig says that Millipede is in early development.
	www.technologyreview.com /read_article.aspx?id=11766&ch=biztech (517 words)

	Definiens - Management Team (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Gerd Binnig is the Founder and Head of Research of Definiens AG.
		Binnig studied at the J.W. Goethe University in Frankfurt, where he received his bachelor's degree in 1973 and his doctorate degree in 1978.
		Binnig was assigned to IBM's Almaden Research Center in San Jose, Calif. from 1985 to 1986, and was a visiting professor at Stanford University from 1987 to 1988.
	www.definiens.com /company/management_team.php (1435 words)

	Radio chip barcodes can carry a virus - gerd (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Gerd Binnig, Definiens is a multi-national organization with headquarters in Munich, Germany and offices in Boulder, Colorado and Boston, Massachusetts.
		Brazils best XI Ronaldo has modified his game to conserve energy and he is now adept at sneaking in to score, Gerd Muller-style, even if they are ugly goals - like the one he...
		The absurdity of the situation is obvious, Gerd Appenzeller, the Tagesspiegel editor, wrote in the paper, insisting that the cartoon was not intended to...
	www.medication-quest.co.uk /gerd-blog/0605/ekg060524.htm (226 words)

	Untitled
		The Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) was developed by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer at the IBM Zurich Research Laboratory in the early 80's.
		Applying a voltage across the tip and surface, Binnig and Rohrer were able to detect a tunneling current and thus map the surface atom by atom on a computer.
		As mentioned earlier, Binnig and Rohrer's apparatus consisted of a relatively large and elaborate mechanism for damping vibrations, and maintaining a 10 angstrom separation.
	webphysics.davidson.edu /alumni/jocowan/STM/stmintro.htm (693 words)

	Heinrich Rohrer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Heinrich Rohrer (born June 6, 1933) is a Swiss physicist who, with Gerd Binnig, received half of the 1986 Nobel Prize for Physics for their joint invention of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM).
		Binnig also joined the laboratory, and it was there that the two men designed and built the first scanning tunneling microscope.
		A record of the elevation of the probe is a topographical map of the surface under study, on which the contour intervals are so small that the individual atoms making up the surface are clearly recognizable.
	www.seas.upenn.edu /~cse121/hws/webcrawler_project/html_pages/3/Heinrich_Rohrer.html (256 words)

	Gerd Binnig - Wikipedia
		1986 erhielten Binnig und Rohrer zusammen mit Ernst Ruska den Nobelpreis für Physik.
		Gerd Binnig und Heinrich Rohrer: Gerät zur rasterartigen Oberflächenuntersuchung unter Ausnutzung des Vakuum-Tunneleffekts bei kryogenischen Temperaturen, Europäische Patentanmeldung 0 027 517, Priorität: 20.
		Informationen der Nobelstiftung zur Preisverleihung 1986 für Gerd Binnig (englisch)
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gerd_Binnig (217 words)

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