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	Germ theory of disease - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The germ theory of disease, also called the pathogenic theory of disease, is a theory that proposes that microorganisms are the cause of many diseases.
		John Snow believed that the germ theory explained outbreaks of cholera, in opposition to the prevailing miasma theory of cholera.
		Some scientists advocate the idea that the cause of any condition or behaviour that results in a significantly high fitness cost, which could be as low as 1% to 10%, is extremely unlikely to be genetic and thus is environmental.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Germ_theory (351 words)

	Germ Theory of Disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The germ theory of disease is the single most important contribution by the science of microbiology to the general welfare of the world's people, perhaps the single most important contribution of any modern scientific discipline.
		The theory that microorganisms may be the cause of some or all disease.
		This was critical for refutation of the concept of spontaneous generation and the for development of germ theory of disease.
	www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu /~sabedon/biol2007.htm (1308 words)

	Information on Germ theory
		Germ is often used in place of germinal to form phrases; as, germ area, germ disc, germ membrane, germ nucleus, germ sac, etc. [Webster 1913 Suppl.] 4.
		Germ theory (Biol.), the theory that living organisms can be produced only by the evolution or development of living germs or seeds.
		As applied to the origin of disease, the theory claims that the zymotic diseases are due to the rapid development and multiplication of various bacteria, the germs or spores of which are either contained in the organism itself, or transferred through the air or water.
	www.wkonline.com /d/Germ_theory.html (433 words)

	The Germ Theory and Its Applications to Medicine and Surgery. Pasteur, Louis. 1909-14. Scientific Papers. The Harvard ...
		A septic fluid, taken at the moment that the vibrios are not yet changed into germs, loses its virulence completely upon simple exposure to the air, but preserves this virulence, although exposed to air on the simple condition of being in a thick layer for some hours.
		There is only one possible hypothesis as to the existence of a virus in solution, and that is that such a substance, which was present in our experiment in non-fatal amounts, should be continuously furnished by the vibrio itself, during its growth in the body of the living animal.
		By the terms “germ” and “germ corpuscles,” Pasteur undoubtedly means “spores,” but the change is not made, in accordance with note 2, p.
	www.bartleby.com /38/7/7.html (1894 words)

	Germ theory of disease :: Web Articles ::
		The germ theory of disease, also called the pathogenic theory of disease, is speculation that instead of genetics being the proximal cause of many diseases that the environment plays a significant factor in the form of pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria or viruses.
		For that reason some scientists, such as Gregory Cochran, have suggested a pathogenic theory of homosexuality, the idea that a microorganism may be the proximal cause of homosexual behaviour that is observed in many species.
		This microorganism has not been identitified, if it exists, although some proponents of this theory counter that as with Helicobacter pylori having been only accidentally found to cause stomach ulcers (when stress or heredity were thought to be among the only causes), no one is looking for this microorganism.
	www.webarticles.com /Science/Biology/Germ-theory-of-disease (456 words)

	Germ Theory
		The germ theory of disease came on the heels of the Middle Ages when people believed that demons and evil spirits caused all diseases, so it wasn't that big of a transition to go from demons to microscopic bacteria.
		What's worse, the germ theory of disease as well as the theory of immunization are both outdated, erroneous, and unnecessary in today's world.
		If a specific germ is present, no one has seen it; and all of the foregoing may be partially, if not wholly, cured, by removing the poisonous blood encumbrances which are always present; and balancing the blood through natural nutrition.
	evolve.8.forumer.com /a/germ-theory_post83.html (1481 words)

	BRIEF HISTORY DURING THE SNOW ERA
		The third notion was the germ theory, or infection was caused by a living organism, a contagium vivum.
		This theory for cholera was supported by observations and epidemiological studies of John Snow (1813-58) in London and William Budd (1811-80) in Bristol, England.
		The germ theory for cholera was finally established, although earlier changes in the sanitary environment, called for by the erroneous miasma theory, had actually done much to reduce the transmission of disease.
	www.ph.ucla.edu /epi/snow/1859map/cholera_prevailingtheories_a2.html (742 words)

	MSN Encarta - Louis Pasteur
		This concept, called the germ theory of disease, was strongly debated by physicians and scientists around the world.
		One of the main arguments against it was the contention that the role germs played during the course of disease was secondary and unimportant; the notion that tiny organisms could kill vastly larger ones seemed ridiculous to many people.
		Pasteur’s studies convinced him that he was right, however, and in the course of his career he extended the germ theory to explain the causes of many diseases.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761568595_2/Louis_Pasteur.html (593 words)

	Untitled Document
		The Watchtower's theory of disease was dangerous because it encouraged people not to take the steps necessary to deal with dangerous pathogenic organisms that kill and which have been responsible for the major plagues throughout history.
		Pathogenic germs were even pushed into the patients' sinuses, swabbed on their nostrils and rubbed on their tonsils but "in spite of coaxing, coddling and urging, they refused to produce a solitary sign of meningitis in the eleven tests made" (Fraser 1939: 27).
		In discussing their theory that "germs follow disease" they state that those who accept the germ theory include the "less intelligent physicians" who are part of the "more radical branch of medicine" and that the laymen get their "misinformation" from these "germ theory cause disease" believers (Wilson 1926: 751).
	www.premier1.net /~raines/germ.html (7009 words)

	Concept.of.Disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The transition to the germ theory was a case of tree switching, since it introduced classification of diseases in terms of their causes, particularly their microbial causes.
		In sum, the transition in the nineteenth century from the humoral theory to the germ theory of disease was highly nonconservative, involving new concepts, new causal rules, and new classifications, as well as the abandonment of old ones.
		The transition from the humoral to the germ theory was largely accomplished by the ability of the latter to provide a superior new account of the causes and treatments of diseases.
	cogsci.uwaterloo.ca /Articles/Pages/Concept.html (9825 words)

	germ-plasm theory -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		According to his theory, germ plasm, which is independent from all other cells of the body (somatoplasm), is the essential element of germ cells (eggs and sperm) and is the hereditary material that is passed from generation to generation.
		The distinction between the soma and the germ cells was propounded by the 19th-century German biologist August Weismann in the “germ plasm” theory that emphasized the role of the immortal, heredity-carrying genes and chromosomes, which are transmitted through successive...
		in mathematics and mechanics, theory that studies systems behaving unpredictably and randomly despite their seeming simplicity and fact that forces involved are supposedly governed by well-understood physical laws; applications of theory are diverse, including study of turbulent flow of fluids, irregularities in heartbeat, traffic jams, population dynamics, chemical...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9036557?tocId=9036557 (796 words)

	La Leva di Archimede (ENG): Louis Pasteur Vs Antoine Béchamp and The Germ Theory of Disease Causation - 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		When the inconsistencies of the germ theory of disease threatened the bacteria/disease premise, Eli Metchnikoff (1845-1916) bolstered the shaky germ theory of disease causation by revealing novel concepts about leukocytic phagocytosis (how certain white blood cells engulf foreign agents in the circulating blood and tissues), starting the indomitable THEORY of immunology.
		Pasteur stated later in his career that germs and bacteria are not the exact and primary cause of disease.
		He stated, "The presence in the body of a pathogenic agent is not necessarily synonymous with infectious disease." Pasteur was aware that fermentation (which he studied extensively while formulating his germ theory) only occurs in injured, bruised or dead material, and that bacteria are a natural result of fermentation, not the cause.
	www.laleva.org /eng/2004/05/louis_pasteur_vs_antoine_bchamp_and_the_germ_theory_of_disease_causation_1.html (9080 words)

	The Germ Theory of Disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This notion later became known as the germ theory of disease, which is a cornerstone of modern medicine.
		The germ theory of disease says simply that microbes are responsible for infectious disease.
		This ran counter to the prevailing notion that microbes found in the bodies of ill patients were the effect of the degeneration of the body, and not the cause.
	www.park.edu /bhoffman/courses/bi350/recap/germtheory.htm (1530 words)

	Germ theory of disease -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The germ theory of disease states that many (An impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning) diseases are caused by (Any organism of microscopic size) microorganisms, and that microorganisms grow by reproduction, rather than being (Click link for more info and facts about spontaneously generated) spontaneously generated.
		Microorganisms were first observed by (Dutch pioneer microscopist who was among the first to recognize cells in animals and who gave the first accurate descriptions of microbes and spermatozoa and blood corpuscles (1632-1723)) Anton van Leeuwenhoek.
		See also: ((biology) the theory that cells form the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms; proposed in 1838 by Matthias Schleiden and by Theodor Schwann) cell theory
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/ge/germ_theory_of_disease.htm (308 words)

	Germ Theory in a Colonial Setting: Medical Theories and Military Practices in Nineteenth Century Goa
		The transition from miasma to germ theory was a radical change in the history of understanding disease, treating and preventing it, and that shift marked a new era in medicine.
		We should note that one of the most important fields of application and development for germ theory was the understanding of the tropical diseases that afflicted those living in European colonies or other tropical areas.
		By the early twentieth century, under the influence of germ theory, tropical medicine was a flourishing field that on some occasions was the same as the civilizing process.
	www.easst.net /book/print/93 (2788 words)

	Germ Theory
		Though germs don't cause disease, secondary symptoms are produced in response to their activity (commonly called the disease).
		Through his experiments he showed that the vital characteristics of cells and germs are determined by the soil in which their microzyma feed, grow and multiply in the human body.
		Nonetheless, the germ theory is still believed to be the central cause of disease, because around it exists a global supportive infrastructure of commercial interests that built multi-billion-dollar industries based upon this theory.
	tuberose.com /Germ_Theory.html (9477 words)

	Pasteur's Papers on the Germ Theory
		In other words, the time necessary for the development of the germs and the production of that amount of yeast sufficient to cause the first appearance of fermentation varies with the state of the impregnating cells, and is longer in proportion as the cells are further removed from the period of their formation.
		The theory which we have, step by step, evolved, on the subject of the cause of the chemical phenomena of fermentation, may claim a character of simplicity and generality that is well worthy of attention.
		Our theory, on the other hand, which, we may repeat, we have advocated since 1861, maintains that all cells become fermentative when their vital action is protracted in the absence of air, which are precisely the conditions that hold in the experiments on fruits immersed in carbonic acid gas.
	biotech.law.lsu.edu /cphl/history/articles/pasteur.htm (17241 words)

	The Germ Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The prevailing theory was that fermentation was a simple chemical reaction, but the experiments of Beauchamp showed that fermentation was a process brought about by microorganisms in the air.
		This is the function ascribed to germs everywhere in nature outside the body and is their real and only function in disease.
		If the germ theory were founded on facts, there would be no living being to read what is herein written, for germs are ubiquitous-they exist everywhere.
	www.vaccinetruth.org /the_germ_theory.htm (8503 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: Louis Pasteur (1822-1895): Germ Theory and Its Applications to Medicine and Surgery, 1878
		This was an impurity, introduced, unknown to us, at the same time as the septic vibrio; and the germ undoubtedly passed from the intestines - always inflamed and distended in septicemic animals - into the abdominal fluids from which we took our original cultures of the septic vibrio.
		[Footnote 4: By the terms "germ" and "germ corpuscles," Pasteur undoubtedly means "spores," but the change is not made, in accordance with note 2, p.
		So that instead of moving threads of varying length, sometimes greater than the field of the microscope, there is to be seen only a number of glittering points, lying free or surrounded by a scarcely perceptible amorphous mass.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/1878pasteur-germ.html (1980 words)

	Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)
		This hypothesis, called the germ theory, was followed by many elegant experiments that showed unequivocally the existence of microorganisms and their effect on fermentation.
		The germ theory was the foundation of numerous applications, such as the large scale brewing of beer, wine-making, pasteurization, and antiseptic operations.
		After studying the characteristics of germs and viruses that caused diseases, he and others found that laboratory manipulations of the infectious agents can be used to immunize people and animals.
	www.accessexcellence.org /RC/AB/BC/Louis_Pasteur.html (707 words)

	The Hutchinson Encyclopedia: Why was the discovery of germ theory by Louis Pasteur in the 1860s such a significant ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Why was the discovery of germ theory by Louis Pasteur in the 1860s such a significant event in the history of medicine?
		During the 1860s, the French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur discovered that decay in organic matter was caused by germs that existed in the atmosphere and floated in the air.
		Before germ theory, explanations of disease were based on...
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:100191158&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (213 words)

	Ellingwood's Therapeutist, 1908: Against the Germ Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		A member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, writing in the American Fortnightly, says vital or organic phenomena are exquisitely metaphysical in character, and their description demands the use of the most exact terms commandable.
		Such use of words and terminology should be made, which rejects the conception of "germs" in any relation during the course of disease and practically rejects germs in the origination of disease.
		Consequently there are germs of, or even in disease or in remedies, therefore they are external to the organism; virulence as a property or quality of bacteria, or therapeutic potency, in serums, or other factor medicinally employed, is impossible to scientific thinking and interpretation of facts.
	www.ibiblio.org /herbmed/eclectic/journals/elth1908/05-germs.html (269 words)

	The Germ Theory - Stormfront White Nationalist Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		If the Germ Theory holds true, she would have gotten whooping cough, but she didn’t, even though she was laying inches from her sister night after night of coughing.
		The alternate Germ Theory is given by Dr. Antoine Bechamp, a contemporary of Pasteur.
		Finally, Pasteur’s theory assumes we are powerless against germs that arbitrarily attack us, where as the symbiotic explanation empowers us with the understanding that disease is the result of unhealthy practices, and that to prevent sickness we have to create health.
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?t=142401 (2274 words)

	Ask A Scientist - Cells and germ theory of disease
		Pasteur's work was the first step toward the germ theory of disease, which says that disease is caused by exposure to microorganisms.
		The germ theory of disease is considered by many to be one of the most important contributions to science and medicine (if not the most important).
		In fact, before the germ theory was proposed, doctors would actually perform autopsies on people who died of an infectious disease and then go care for patients without washing their hands in between, not realizing that they were actually transmitting the disease themselves!
	www.hhmi.org /cgi-bin/askascientist/highlight.pl?kw=&file=answers/immunology/ans_020.html (384 words)

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