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Topic: German Bundesrat

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	Bundesrat of Germany - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Bundesrat ("federal council") is the representation of the 16 Federal States (Länder) of Germany at the federal level.
		The Bundesrat is composed of delegates from the sixteen German states (Länder).
		The President of the Bundesrat convenes and chairs plenary sessions of the body and is formally responsible for representing the Federal Republic in the Bundesrat.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bundesrat_(Germany) (1255 words)

	Bundesrat of Germany
		The second legislative chamber, the Bundesrat, is the federal body in which the sixteen Land governments are directly represented.
		Bundesrat representatives rarely attend committee sessions; instead, they delegate that responsibility to civil servants from their ministries, as allowed for in the Basic Law.
		The legislative authority of the Bundesrat is subordinate to that of the Bundestag, but the upper house nonetheless plays a vital legislative role.
	www.germanculture.com.ua /library/facts/bl_bundesrat.htm (576 words)

	Politics of Germany - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Federal legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, Bundestag and Bundesrat.
		The Bundesrat (Federal Council) is the representation of the state governments at the federal level.
		The necessity for the Bundesrat to concur on legislation is limited to bills related to revenue shared by the federal and state governments and those imposing responsibilities on the states, although in practice, this means that Bundesrat concurrence is very often required.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/German_politics (2997 words)

	RTE Business - German upper house votes for VAT hike
		The Bundesrat, the German upper house of parliament, today voted in favour of the government's controversial plans to raise value-added tax (VAT) by three full percentage points in a move critics say will put the brakes on recovery in the euro zone's biggest economy.
		Barely a month after the plans were rubber-stamped by the German lower house, the Bundestag, the Bundesrat also approved the proposals by the government of Chancellor Angela Merkel to raise VAT from 16% to 19% from January 1, 2007.
		The Bundesrat, which is made up of representatives of Germany's 16 regional states, was the last parliamentary hurdle the law had to clear before it comes into effect from the start of next year.
	www.rte.ie /business/2006/0616/germany.html?rss (359 words)

	PWHCE Talk \| Germany: A Crisis of Confidence. By Harold Schmautz.
		German President Gerhard Schröder belongs to the Social Democratic Party, which is known by the German acronym SPD.
		The presidency of the Bundesrat rotates annually among the Länder and the Bundesratspräsident is the number two in the country and deputy of the German Bundespräsident since there is no vice president.
		The German parties - with the exception of the small liberal party and parts of the CSU - agree that an adoption by the Bundestag and Bundesrat would be sufficient.
	www.pwhce.org /textschm.html (4839 words)

	German Law Journal - The Decision of the German Constitutional Court on the Immigration Act
		(1) In order to understand the causes for the earthquake that struck the German political and constitutional system in the 774th session of the Bundesrat on 22 March 2002 it is essential to shed light on the structure and the constitutional role of the Bundesrat.
		After the President of the Bundesrat had declared that "the Land Brandenburg" (31) had not cast its vote unanimously, according to the Court the voting process was finished as far as Brandenburg was concerned and could not be re-started in order to find a new (and maybe more favourable) result.
		The President of the Bundesrat, knowing perfectly well about the dissent between the Brandenburg representatives and the unwillingness of the "no"voter to be represented by any of the "yes" voters, (51) asked only one of the representatives and takes his single vote to stand for all of them.
	www.germanlawjournal.com /article.php?id=229 (6750 words)

	Constitution - Ratification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The German ‘Grundgesetz’ does not provide referendums at the federal level, nevertheless, according to a poll, more than 90% of the Germans were in favour of a referendum on the EU Constitution.
		German Bundesrat, Protocol of the plenary debate regarding the ratification of the European Constitution, 27.05.2005.
		German Bundesrat, Bill regarding regarding the extention and strengthening of the competencies of the Bundesrat and Bundestag in European affairs, 27.05.2005.
	www.unizar.es /euroconstitucion/Treaties/Treaty_Const_Rat_germany.htm (1167 words)

	GERMANY
		German voters take an active interest in exercising their legal authority to participate in the democratic process.
		Initially, Germans living abroad in a Member State of the Council of Europe were entitled to vote only during the first 10 years from the time that they left the Federal Republic.
		Bundesrat: It is the smaller legislative body of the government and is also called the Upper House or Federal Council.
	bolt.lakeheadu.ca /~polisci/elections.htm (3619 words)

	The institutional structures of German federalism / Uwe Leonardy. - Teil 2
		Upon its re-establishment by the Basic Law in 1949, the present Bundesrat was thus the heir to a long line of similarly structured institutions, all marked by the fact that in varying degrees and with varying powers they directly effected elements of intergovernmental coordination and cooperation in the constitution.
		The central characteristic feature to be emphasised at this point is the fact that the Bundesrat not only embodies the intergovernmentalism of the federal system, but that to a large extent it is also responsible for the efficient management and coordination of many of the wide-ranging institutional interdependencies arising from the intergovernmental structure.
		Even in such conflicts, though, the Bundesrat can normally only justify ‘opposition’ to the Federal Government on a specific piece of legislation by proving that it is basing its objections on either legitimate regional interests or on a different evaluation from the Länder perspective of the legal or administrative merits of the provisions concerned.
	www.fes.de /fulltext/bueros/london/00538001.htm (1406 words)

	German Politics - Information about the political system of Germany today.
		The German Parliament is made up of the Bundestag and the Bundesrat.
		The Bundesrat (Federal Council), the upper house of Parliament, represents the 16 federal states (Bundesländer) and cooperates in law-making and administering the federation.
		With unification, German relations with the new democracies in central and eastern Europe intensified.
	www.germannotes.com /hist_germany_politics.shtml (541 words)

	Comparative Federalism
		Here, the governments of the German Länder are direct participants in federal legislation because their representatives sit in the upper legislative chamber, the Bundesrat, which possesses co-equal powers with regard to all bills affecting constitutional Länder rights.
		German federalism sought to combine the tradition of territorial pluralism in the Holy Roman Empire with the need of modern centralized governance.
		There is some tension between the dominant German Swiss (seventeen cantons and roughly 75 per cent of the population) and their French (four cantons; 20 per cent) and Italian counterparts (one canton; 5 per cent), but this tension is more about regional economic concentration than culture.
	www.tamilnation.org /conflictresolution/federalism/comparativefederalism.htm (13373 words)

	Germany's Upper house: Bundesrat - Institutions - German Archive: The Bundesrat ('federal council') is the ...
		Germany's Upper house: Bundesrat - Institutions - German Archive: The Bundesrat ('federal council') is the representation of the 16 Federal States (Länder) of Germany at the federal level.
		The Bundesrat ('federal council') is the representation of the 16 Federal States (Länder) of Germany at the federal level.
		This is a compromise only on first sight: Since every decision of the Bundesrat require an majority of the votes of all members, abstaining means, in effect, casting a 'nay' vote.
	www.germannotes.com /archive/article.php?products_id=50&osCsid=3ff1d3d9fd0157586079ece6e2045eea (877 words)

	German Constitution: 1949
		The Germans in the Laender of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Bavaria, Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hesse, Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, North-Rhine-Weststphalia, Rhineland-Paltinate, Saarland, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein, and Thuringia have achieved the unity and freedom of Germany in free self-determination.
		The Bundesrat may, within three weeks of the receipt of the adopted bill, demand that a committee for joint consideration of bills, composed of members of the Bundestag and the Bundesrat, be convened.
		Former German citizens who between January 30, 1933 and May 8 1945, were deprived of their citizenship for political, racial or religious reasons, and their descendants, shall be re- granted German citizenship on application.
	www.psr.keele.ac.uk /docs/german.htm (17339 words)

	People's Daily Online -- Upper house backs biggest post-war tax rise
		German Bundesrat upper house of parliament backed on Friday an increase in value-added tax (VAT), clearing the way for the country's biggest post-war tax rise from the beginning of next year.
		The three percentage points hike in VAT to 19 per cent from next January is one of the government's flagship policies and aims to ease the strain on Germany's public finances.
		The Bundesrat voted the measure through after Chancellor Angela Merkel's chief of staff met German state leaders late on Thursday to allay their concerns about an accompanying measure that would cut federal subsidies for local transport networks.
	english.people.com.cn /200606/17/eng20060617_274956.html (510 words)

	The City of Great Changes - Berlin - German Culture
		The German parliament, called Bundestag, and the German government are supposed to move from Bonn to Berlin till the year 2000.
		After the country was unified, the German Bundestag (Parliament's lower house) voted on June 20, 1991, to move the federal government back to Berlin.
		The nine German ministries in the city are housed in both old and new buildings.
	www.germanculture.com.ua /library/weekly/aa111798.htm (683 words)

	IPEX - Interparliamentary EU Information Exchange: Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		According to Article 23 Paragraph 2 of the Basic Law, the Bundestag and the Länder (through the Bundesrat) participate in affairs of the European Union.
		The Bundesrat, represented in urgent cases by the Chamber of European Affairs, gives its opinion on the drafts of European Union regulations and directives submitted to it.
		In other words, in such cases the Bundesrat basically has the final say in determining the German position within the EU Council of Ministers.
	www.ecprd.org /ipex/germany_bundesrat.asp (202 words)

	freedominfo.org: country pages - germany
		(6) The German practice was found several times by the European Court of Justice to not be adequate under the EU 1990 Directive.
		The Bundesrat, the upper house of the German parliament, voted today to pass the Federal Freedom of Information Act, long promised and sought by the ruling coalition of Social Democrats (SDP) and Greens.
		Citizens often find it hard to trace how certain government agencies come to reach their conclusions; in many cases, it is impossible for them to access documents which could tell them why, say, a planning permission was refused, or how certain public contracts came to be negotiated.
	www.freedominfo.org /countries/germany.htm (2831 words)

	Antisemitism And Racism
		On 11 July 2003 the German Bundesrat ratified a treaty (Staatsvertrag) on cultural and social cooperation, signed on 27 January 2003 (the 58th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz) by the Federal Republic and the Central Council of Jews in Germany.
		German ultra-right and neo-Nazi operators have also learned to use the First Amendment to disseminate their hate speech from the US.
		German Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer assured the international community and in particular the Jewish community in Germany that his nation would stand as a leader in the fight against rising global antisemitism, while continuing its “wholehearted commitment” to the security and permanence of the State of Israel.
	www.tau.ac.il /Anti-Semitism/asw2002-3/germany.htm (4816 words)

	HLS Library: Foreign Law: G, H
		German Laws in English (Oxford University): The German Law Archive has provided translations of selected laws (select Statutes).
		German Laws (dejure.org): Allows searching of various laws by subject, by citation or full-text.
		German Law Archive (Oxford University): Provides English translations of laws and decisions, as well as a bibliography of articles in English on German law.
	www.law.harvard.edu /library/services/research/guides/international/web_resources/foreignG.php (1506 words)

	German News - English Edition Su, 24.03.2002
		Klaus Wowereit is the object of much criticism after the controversial vote on immigration in the Bundesrat (German upper house of parliament) on Friday.
		Kabul/Berlin: Von Butler, the Commander of the German troops in Afghanistan has repudiated all speculation regarding the cause of the accidental explosion of missiles in Kabul.
		The explosion, which killed two German and three Danish soldiers, was according to von Butler not caused by a so-called hunt for souvenirs.
	www.germnews.de /archive/dn/2002/03/24.html (549 words)

	The New German Telecommunications Act
		The legislative procedure in Germany was characterized by the legal framework imposed by the EU (in particular by the deadline "January 1, 1998") and a tug-of-war between the Federal Government and the German Federal States.
		[22] However, the German Upper House (Bundesrat), which represents the German States, voted against the bill on July 1, 1996: The main reason for the rejection by the Bundesrat was that the German local communities wanted their share in the revenues to be generated in the telecommunications field as well.
		As a consequence, not only German but also foreign companies will be required to comply with the TA if their activities fall within the subject matter and the territorial scope of the TA.
	www.mttlr.org /volfour/spies_art.html (9158 words)

	The responsibilities of the new Federalism Commission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Länder are also represented in our Upper House, the Bundesrat, which consists of members of the state governments or their representatives.
		This is why all the parliamentary groups in the German Bundestag have requested the setting up of a Joint Commission of the Bundestag and the Bundesrat for the modernisation of the federal system.
		The Commission consists of 16 representatives of the Bundestag and the Bundesrat and four representatives of the Federal Government.
	www.german-embassy.org.uk /the_responsibilities_of_the_ne.html (559 words)

	dictForum: Lower House of German Parliament (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		To call the Bundestag the German national parliament is certainly misleading as both chambers are on the national, that is federal, level, and they together form the German national parliament, if you want to use the term.
		The Members of the Bundesrat are sent from the governments of the 16 states (each state has a number of representative, like Hamburg has 3 and Bavaria has 7 members).
		Although it is conventional in German, the ''Bund-'' element is not necessary to translate, as long as the reader understands it is the national parliament that is being spoken of.
	dict.leo.org /cgi-bin/dict/urlexp/20050718201817 (5765 words)

	Federation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		A federal upper house may be based on a special scheme of apportionment, as is the case in the senates of the United States and Australia, where each state is represented by an equal number of senators irrespective of the size of its population.
		Alternatively, or in addition to this practice, the members of an upper house may be indirectly elected by the government or legislature of the component states, as occurred in the United States prior to 1913, or be actual members or delegates of the state governments, as, for example, is the case in the German Bundesrat.
		The German Basic Law provides that no amendment is admissible at all that would completely abolish the federal system.
	www.knowledgehunter.info /wiki/Federation (2971 words)

	Stephen Roth Institute: Stephen Roth Institute: Antisemitism And Racism
		On 11 July 2003 the German Bundesrat ratified a treaty (Staatsvertrag) on cultural and social cooperation, signed on 27 January 2003 (the 58th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz) by the Federal Republic and the Zentralrat.
		According to a survey of the German Polis Institute published in July 2004, 5 percent of youth admire Hitler; 15 percent think Nazism was good in theory but bad in practice; and 14 percent believe foreigners should leave Germany to the Germans.
		The reason for this unusual step by the Federal German Parliament can be seen in the growing acceptance of antisemitic trends, in the rising influence of extreme right-wing parties and their dissemination of antisemitic ideology which has begun to penetrate the mainstream (see Hohmann affair above), and in the rise of violent manifestations against Jews.
	www.tau.ac.il /Anti-Semitism/asw2003-4/germany.htm (4938 words)

	Germany Info: Government & Politics
		Bundesrat President Althaus Held Talks in US Mr.
		US officials and politicians are looking ahead in regard to the transatlantic relationship, and are ready to expand and intensify this relationship, Bundesrat President Dieter Althaus, Minister President of the state of Thuringia, said January 21 after meetings in Washington.
		The Bundesrat (Assembly of Federal States) is the constitutional body which represents the 16 federal states in the national legislative process.
	www.germany.info /relaunch/politics/new/pol_althaus_visit1.html (318 words)

	Simple Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The German Upper House (Bundesrat) did not vote on the amendment to the 1991/98 Packaging Ordinance today.
		After the voting in Bundesrat, the Minister of Environment, Jurgen Trittin announced that he will only go forward with a proposal which strenghtens the existing Packaging Ordinance.
		The proposal from Bundesrat is not considered to fulfill that ambition and Trittin announced that he will publish the 1999 measurement of the refillable quota within the next few weeks.
	cws.huginonline.com /T/162/PR/200107/827321_5.html (177 words)

	French-German friendship and the productive handling of differences - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM
		At the end of 2000, the volume of German direct investments in France was Euro 23 billion, and France had invested Euro 29 billion in Germany.
		In the years following German reunification, France was the leading country of origin for foreign investments in the former East Germany.
		As an association of German and French member universities, it offers German-French education in more than 100 subjects with a double degree on completion, without actually running any teaching or research programmes itself.
	www.jamaicaobserver.com /news/html/20030118T180000-0500_38291_OBS_FRENCH_GERMAN_FRIENDSHIP_AND_THE_PRODUCTIVE_HANDLING_OF_DIFFERENCES.asp (1269 words)

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