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Topic: German Democratic Party

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	East Germany - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The German Democratic Republic (GDR) (German: Deutsche Demokratische Republik), also commonly known as East Germany, was a communist state that existed from 1949 to 1990 in the former Soviet occupation zone of Germany.
		The German Democratic Republic was proclaimed in East Berlin on October 7, 1949, five weeks after the Federal Republic of Germany in western Germany.
		The party exercised its leadership role formally during the party congress, when it accepted the report of the general secretary, and when it adopted the draft plan for the upcoming five-year period.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/German_Democratic_Republic (5090 words)

	Encyclopedia: German Democratic Republic
		Silesia and East Prussia (German: Ostpreu en; Polish: Prusy Wschodnie; Russian: Восточная Пруссия — Vostochnaya Prussiya) was a province of Kingdom of Prussia, situated on the territory of former Ducal Prussia.
		Communist Party of Germany (KPD) and the The Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD – Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands) is the second oldest political party of Germany still in existence and also one of the oldest and largest in the world, celebrating its 140th anniversary in 2003.
		However, the East German press occasionally reported prosecutions of particularly egregious cases of illegal "second economy" activity, involving what are called "crimes against socialist property" and other activities that are in "conflict and contradiction with the interests and demands of society" (as one report described the situation).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/German-Democratic-Republic (13210 words)

	German Democratic Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The German Democratic Party, or Deutsche Demokratische Partei (DDP), was founded by leaders of the former Progressive People's Party (Fortschrittliche Volkspartei) and the left wing of the National Liberal Party (Nationalliberale Partei) in the early days of the Weimar Republic.
		The Democrats were a left-wing liberal party, and, along with the Social Democrats, the political party most committed to maintaining a democratic, republican form of government.
		The party was abolished by the Nazis in 1933.
	www.americancanyon.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/German_Democratic_Party (276 words)

	Social Democratic Party of Germany - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD – Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands) is one of the oldest political parties of Germany still in existence and also one of the oldest and largest in the world, celebrating its 140th anniversary in 2003.
		As social democrats could be elected as list-free candidates while the party was outlawed, it had continued to be a growing force in the parliament, becoming the strongest party in 1912 (in imperial Germany, the parliamentary balance of forces had no influence on the formation of the cabinet).
		Subsequently the Social Democratic Party and the newly founded Communist Party of Germany (which consisted mostly of SPD defectors) became bitter rivals, not least because of the legacy of the German Revolution.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany (1131 words)

	Democratic - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Some critics of representative democracy argue that party politics mean that representatives will be forced to follow the party line on issues, rather than either the will of their conscience or constituents.
		In addition, for countries without a strong tradition of democratic majority rule, the introduction of free elections alone has rarely been sufficient to achieve a transition from dictatorship to democracy, until a wider shift in the political culture and gradual formation of the institutions of democratic government have occurred too.
		One is to argue that the presence of a constitution in many democratic countries acts as a safeguard against the tyranny of the majority.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /democratic.htm (2646 words)

	Weimar Coalition - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		These three parties were seen as the most committed to Germany's new democratic system, and together governed Germany until the elections of 1920, when the first elections under the new constitution were held, and both the SPD and especially the DDP lost a considerable share of their votes.
		Although the Coalition was revived in the ministry of Joseph Wirth from 1921 to 1922, the pro-Democratic elements never truly had a majority in the Reichstag from this point on, and the situation gradually grew worse with the continued weakening of the DDP.
		Nevertheless, the grouping remained at least theoretically important as the grouping of parties most supportive of republican government in Germany, and continued to act in coalition in the government of Prussia and other states until as late as 1932.
	www.lexington-fayette.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Weimar_Coalition (222 words)

	German Democratic Republic -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The ruler of the German Democratic Republic, or East Germany, from 1949 until his retirement in 1971 was Walter Ulbricht.
		The German empire was strategically located between France and Russia, and it clashed with both nations as it attempted to expand its borders.
		In 1980, the Democratic Party was a house that was divided among the Kennedy and Carter camps.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9036568?tocId=9036568 (821 words)

	German Democratic Party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Template:Liberal partyThe German Democratic Party or Deutsche Demokratische Partei (DDP) was founded by leaders of former Progressive People's Party (Fortschrittliche Volkspartei) and the left wing the National Liberal Party (Nationalliberale Partei) in the early days the Weimar Republic.
		The Democrats were a left-wing liberal party and along with the Social Democrats political party most committed to maintaining a republican form of government.
		The Free Democratic Party of Germany was formed after World War II by former leaders of the Democratic Party the German People's Party.
	www.freeglossary.com /German_Democratic_Party (444 words)

	Liberal Democratic Party Of Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		democratic politician allies in the New Democratic Party.
		The Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (German: Liberaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands (LDPD)) was a political party in East Germany.
		After German Reunification it merged with the Free Democratic Party.
	www.wikiverse.org /liberal-democratic-party-of-germany (180 words)

	chapter 4
		The revolutionary wing of the party was catching on to the irreconcilable nature of the struggle against the reformist wing (which wanted to build the party along lines that would leave it incapable of defying the restrictions of bourgeois legality).
		The party tells the youth groups that if they disband, that it will set up a central commission for agitation among youth manned by those over 18 and provide legal cover for their work.
		It linked the party to the workers, reinforced a sense of class consciousness among the workers and freed the workers from dependence on non-socialist sources of news.
	www.leninism.org /pof/pof4.htm (4023 words)

	Formation of the German Democratic Republic
		When it became clear that a West German government would be established, a so-called election for a People's Congress was held in the Soviet occupation zone in May 1949.
		Two additional parties, a Democratic Farmers' Party and a National Democratic Party, designed to attract support, respectively, from farmers and from former Nazis, were added with the blessing of the SED.
		Although the German Democratic Republic was constitutionally a parliamentary democracy, decisive power actually lay with the SED and its boss, the veteran communist functionary Walter Ulbricht, who held only the obscure position of deputy premier in the government.
	www.fortunecity.com /victorian/riley/787/DDR/foundation/found.html (292 words)

	German Social Democratic Party, Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Social Democratic Party was one of the original parties in Janda's 1950-1962 ICPP study.
		The party continued throughout 1950-1990 in the Harmel-Janda study of party change.
		SPD, was a re-creation of a former labor-oriented party of the same name which had been outlawed by the Hitler regime in 1933.
	www.janda.org /icpp/ICPP1990/12-Germany/Party122/Party122-hj.htm (212 words)

	German Social Democratic Party
		The German Social Democratic Party (SDP) was established in 1875 with the publication of its Gotha programme.
		After the anti-socialist law ceased to operate in 1890, the SDP grew rapidly and in 1912 the party won 110 seats in the Reichstag.
		The Nazi Party banned the SDP in June 1933 and most of its leaders were arrested and sent to concentration camps.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /GERsdp.htm (1030 words)

	The German Democratic Republic's Declaration on the Anti-Torture Convention and its Consequences:
		This makes it clear that the German Democratic Republic regards the "financial declaration" it made on ratification as a mere interpretive declaration and not as a reservation: it interprets the contribution obligations pursuant to Convention Articles 17(7) and 18(5) to mean that a state is responsible only for those implementation activities that it accepts.
		It is claimed that the German Democratic Republic's declaration is not, within the meaning of Article 19(b) of the Vienna Convention on Treaty Law, among the reservations provided for by the Convention, and is therefore inadmissible.
		For Gornig/Ney, the German Democratic Republic's position, because of "unsecured financing", endangers the effective functioning of the "implementing organ" of the Convention, which for them is of "central importance" ("aim and object" of the Convention).
	www.ejil.org /journal/Vol1/No1/art23.html (4029 words)

	German Free Democratic Party, overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Free Democratic Party was one of the original parties in Janda's 1950-1962 ICPP study.
		By far the smallest of the three parties, the Free Democrats have come to be frequent partners in coalition governments led by the CDU and even the SPD, despite the FDP's conservative position on economics.
		FDP, although it is the smallest of the original parties, it has been able to balance the power in the Bundestag through the formation of coalitions.
	www.janda.org /ICPP/ICPP1990/12-Germany/Party123/Party123-hj.htm (256 words)

	Christian Democratic Union East Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Christian Democratic Union was an East German political party.
		It was part of the National Front with the Socialist Unity Party of Germany until 1989.
		It contended the free elections in 1990 as an arm of the West German Christian-Democratic Union of Germany, which it merged into after German Reunification.
	www.wikiverse.org /christian-democratic-union-east-germany (177 words)

	German Resistance Memorial Center - Topic 'The Republic destroyed'
		German Democratic Party (DDP) member of the Reichstag Theodor Heuss presents a lecture in Tübingen.
		The Communist Party issues an appeal to establish the "Antifascist Action" of all opponents of National Socialism under the leadership of the Communist Party.
		Yet Social Democrats and Communists cooperate as equals only at a local level as the Communists continue to regard the Social Democratic leadership as an important pillar of fascism and the bourgeois regime.
	www.gdw-berlin.de /b02/b2-chron-e.php (834 words)

	Brandt, Willy -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		original name Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm German statesman, leader of the German Social Democratic Party of Germany (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, or SPD) from 1964 to 1987, and chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1969 to 1974.
		German statesman, leader of the German Social Democratic Party of Germany (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, or SPD) from 1964 to 1987, and chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1969 to 1974.
		Although he had been a member of the Nazi party in Germany in the 1930s, Kurt Georg Kiesinger survived politically and was elected chancellor of West Germany in 1966.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9016223 (726 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: German Social Democracy, 1891
		The German Social Democratic Party, founded in 1875, was a parliamentary partuy and advocated a moderate program of social and economic reform.
		Although was an illegal party for many years, the party grew and became the mass party of the German working class..
		The Social Democratic Party of Germany does not fight, accordingly, for new classprivileges and classrights, but for the abolition of classrule and of classes themselves, for equal rights and equal duties of all, without distinction of sex or descent.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/1891erfurt.html (925 words)

	German Democratic Party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The German Democratic Party, or Deutsche Demokratische Partei (DDP), was founded by leaders of the former Progressive Party and the left wing of the National Liberal Party in the early days of the Weimar Republic.
		An attempted merger with the "Young Germans" to form the German State Party in 1930 failed miserably, and the party's Reichstag deputation became practically insignificant.
		It uses material from the wikipedia article German Democratic Party.
	www.eurofreehost.com /ge/German_Democratic_Party.html (281 words)

	AllRefer.com - Germany - Free Democratic Party \| German Information Resource
		The Free Democratic Party (Freie Demokratische Partei--FDP) is much smaller than the CDU or SPD, but its limited electoral strength masks the party's inordinate influence.
		In the early 1990s, the Free Democrats remained closer to the CDU/CSU on economic issues and closer to the SPD on social and foreign policy.
		The party's new direction was ratified at the FDP's 1971 party cong ress, which endorsed a program of "social liberalism." As economic conditions worsened in the early 1980s, however, the FDP returned to its earlier advocacy of economic policies more conservative than those endorsed by the SPD.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/germany/germany133.html (1196 words)

	Lenin: Letter to the Executive of the German Social-Democratic Party
		You believe that it should have the aim “to work out a common party programme and organisational rules,” and invite us to inform you of our draft for the one and the other.
		{3} The letter was written on March 2 (15), 1913, on assignment from the Cracow meeting of the R.S.D.L.P. Central Committee with Party functionaries, in a period of sharp struggle waged by the Bolsheviks against the liquidators.
		It is in reply to the proposal of the German Social-Democratic leaders to call joint conferences of Bolsheviks and liquidators for the purpose of their unification.
	www.marxists.org /archive/lenin/works/1913/mar/02b.htm (1606 words)

	Glossary of Organisations: Ge
		A Socialist party formed at a Congress of Social-Democrats from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, held in Eisenach between August 7 and 9, 1869, where they became known as the Eisenachers.
		The party was led by August Bebel and Wilhelm Liebknecht.
		In May 1875 (at the Gotha Congress) the party united with the General German Workers' Union to form the Socialist Worker's Party of Germany.
	www.marx.org /glossary/orgs/g/e.htm (1307 words)

	Heaven on Earth . The Film: Manfred Steger Interview \| PBS
		Eduard Bernstein was one of the few socialists at the time who joined a Social Democratic Party very early on and had a lot of practical experience.
		He felt that he would do the Party a service by actually being open and saying, “look, your theoretical vision is no longer confirmed by actual empirical developments and what we, therefore, have to do is somehow change and revise theory in order to bring it back into sync with socialist practice.
		The actual Party practice at the time was deeply reformist and was preceding along the lines of what Bernstein was saying anyway.
	www.pbs.org /heavenonearth/interviews_steger.html (4913 words)

	Political Leaders: German Democratic Republic (East Germany)
		Parties: SED: Socialist Unity Party of Germany (communist); LDPD: Liberal Democratic Party of Germany; CDUD: Christian Democratic Union of Germany; DBD: Democratic Peasant's Party of Germany; NDPD: National Democratic Party of Germany; SED-PDS: Socialist Unity Party of Germany-Party of the Democratic Socialism; SPD: Social Democratic Party; DA: Democratic Awakening
		On 15 Dec 1989 the party was renamed to SED-PDS and on 4 Feb 1990 to PDS.
		The Social Democratic Party in the GDR (SDP) was founded on 7 Oct 1989.
	www.terra.es /personal2/monolith/gdr.htm (499 words)

	Glossary of Periodicals: Vo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Organ of the German Social-Democratic Party, published in Chemnitz from January 1891 to February 1933.
		Daily Social-Democratic newspaper, founded in Brunswick in 1871; in 1914 and 1915 it was the organ of the German Left-wing Social-Democrats, later in 1916 it reflected the views of Kautsky and his followers.
		Central organ of the German Social-Democratic Workers' Party; published in Leipzig from October 2, 1869 to September 23, 1876, under the editorship of Wilhelm Liebknecht.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/periodicals/v/o.htm (210 words)

	European governments: East Germany (1989-1990) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Take a look at the entry of the late German Democratic Republic (East Germany) as part of the Political Leaders collection.
		Look also at the West German Governments page to know the cabinet developments for the unified Germany since Oct 2, 1990.
		(2) The parties and organizations noted from DA were given a ministry without portolio each one.
	www.terra.es /personal2/monolith/0g-gdr.htm (155 words)

	National Democratic Party of Germany 1948-1990 (East Germany) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The image in Günther 2000 shows the leaves contoured in red, the lettering NDPD contoured in fl (thus symbol without surrounding rectangle).
		The colours refer to the German national colours.
		The NDPD was established to attract nationalistic people (old Wehrmacht officers and old Nazis) in the German Democratic Republic.
	www.fotw.net /flags/de}ndpd.html (160 words)

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