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Topic: German Democratic Republic

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	German Democratic Republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The German Democratic Republic was proclaimed in East Berlin on October 7, 1949.
		Consequent waves of German settlements, which in subsequent centuries later included French Hugenots and Jews, gradually modified the originally Slavic composition of the land, except for the small community of Sorbs in Lusatia, and eventually most of what is now East Germany formed a large part of the historical Kingdom of Prussia.
		Thus, on October 3, 1990 the East German population was the first from the Eastern Bloc to join the European Economic Community as a part of the reunified Federal Republic of Germany.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/German_Democratic_Republic (4026 words)

	East Germany - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into German Democratic Republic.
		East Germany was the informal English name for the German Democratic Republic, a state within the country of Germany that was politically separated from West Germany (the Federal Republic of Germany) from 1949-1990.
		For the full article on this state see German Democratic Republic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/East_Germany (95 words)

	Translated German Cases \| Institute of Global Law, UCL
		The acquisition of German nationality by the complainant in consequence of his acquisition of the citizenship of the German Democratic Republic is not countered by obligations of the Federal Republic of Germany, whether in general international law or through its treaty links with the German Democratic Republic.
		Thus in the Soviet government's declaration on the granting of sovereignty to the German Democratic Republic of 25 March 1954 (von Münch, Dokumente des geteilten Deutschland, vol 1 [1968], p.329); in the preamble of the treaty on relationships between the German Democratic Republic and the Union of Socialist Republics of 20 September 1955 (GBl.
		Nor was simultaneous accession by the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic to the United Nations treated by the Federal Government as recognition of the German Democratic Republic.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /laws/global_law/german-cases/print_bverg.shtml?21oct1987 (5926 words)

	Ten Years of the GDR
		The German Democratic Republic is a reliable barrier against revanchist German militarism and a significant force for the preservation of peace in Europe.
		The full sovereignty of the GDR was guaranteed in the treaty of 20 September 1955 between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the German Democratic Republic.
		The people of the GDR and the peace-loving democratic forces in all of Germany look with pride on their state, whose international standing is steadily growing because of its big domestic successes and the peaceful policies of its government.
	www.calvin.edu /academic/cas/gpa/ddr10.htm (4273 words)

	East Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The German Democratic Republic (Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR or GDR) commonly known as East Germany was a Communist Party-led state that existed from 1949 to 1990 in the former Soviet occupation zone Germany.
		The increasing prosperity of West Germany and political oppression in the East led large of East Germans to flee to the The increasing depopulation in the GDR caused political leadership to order the borders closed fences turrets dogs and most of all walls (DDR border system) which included the Berlin Wall in 1961.
		Thus on October 3rd 1990 the East German population was the from the Eastern Bloc to join the European Union as a part of the reunified Federal Republic of Germany.
	www.freeglossary.com /German_Democratic_Republic (1586 words)

	East Germany - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In the Federal Republic of Germany, until the seventies, the GDR was referred to as Middle Germany or SBZ (Soviet occupation zone).
		The increasing depopulation in the GDR caused the political leadership to order the borders closed, with fences, turrets, dogs and most of all huge walls (DDR border system) which included the Berlin Wall, in 1961.
		Thus, on October 3rd 1990 the East German population was the first from the Eastern Bloc to join the European Union as a part of the reunified Federal Republic of Germany.
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /e/ea/east_germany.html (1522 words)

	SULAIR: Transnational Poster Art: East Germany and Latin America
		The GDR and the FRG each wanted to prove to their respective citizens that their government/nation was the better one, the "right" one for Germans.
		GDR propaganda books, describing the nation's identity, political philosophy and foreign policy agenda, openly stated that the GDR was using its foreign policy to gain approval and political clout in the eyes of the Soviet government.
		In essence, western writers have said that the GDR had little say in how their own country was run, and that the USSR used the East German government as a pawn in carrying out their own foreign policy agenda.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/hasrg/german/exhibit/GDRposters/project.html (1007 words)

	Signs of the German Democratic Republic
		The old GDR signs have a different font and size from the Federal signs, although both appeared on a yellow rectangle as shown here.
		Note that GDR gantry signs (for surface streets at least) were white with fl arrows.
		That this was as far as the West Germans would go in terms of compromise should give you some idea why many East Germans are bitter about reunification, which some derisively call "The Anschluss" - or the annexation, also the term used when Austria was swallowed up by the Nazis in 1938.
	www.bcampbell.org /ddrsigns.htm (635 words)

	East Germany 1949-1990
		After republics were formed in east and west Germany and the use of their fl-red-gold flags was authorized, this flag was used less and less and it was finally abandoned in 1952.
		The German Communists (officially the Socialist Unity Party), sponsored by the Soviet occupation authorities, formed the German Democratic Republic.
		According to Rabbow 1970 the fl-red-gold flag of the German Democratic Republic was adopted 19 March 1949.
	flagspot.net /flags/de-ddr.html (1053 words)

	The German Democratic Republic's Declaration on the Anti-Torture Convention and its Consequences:
		This makes it clear that the German Democratic Republic regards the "financial declaration" it made on ratification as a mere interpretive declaration and not as a reservation: it interprets the contribution obligations pursuant to Convention Articles 17(7) and 18(5) to mean that a state is responsible only for those implementation activities that it accepts.
		It is claimed that the German Democratic Republic's declaration is not, within the meaning of Article 19(b) of the Vienna Convention on Treaty Law, among the reservations provided for by the Convention, and is therefore inadmissible.
		For Gornig/Ney, the German Democratic Republic's position, because of "unsecured financing", endangers the effective functioning of the "implementing organ" of the Convention, which for them is of "central importance" ("aim and object" of the Convention).
	www.ejil.org /journal/Vol1/No1/art23.html (4029 words)

	German Democratic Republic - Delegation in Washington. August 1974.
		A delegation from the German Democratic Republic will arrive in Washington on September 2 for meetings with representatives of the Department of State on matters relative to the establishment of diplomatic relations.
		Negotiations between the United States and the German Democratic Republic on the establishment of relations commenced in Washington July 15 and were concluded on July 26.
		The Government of the German Democratic Republic confirms that its administration of the site at Pariser Platz 2, which is American property, will be returned to the United States on this date.
	usa.usembassy.de /etexts/ga5-usgdrrelations.htm (1032 words)

	German Democratic Republic (East Germany) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The German Democratic Republic (East Germany) was established in 1949 from the area of Germany occupied by the Soviet Union.
		The main political figure in the German Democratic Republic was Walter Ulbricht who served as General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party (1946-1971) and Chairman of the Council of State (1960-1971).
		A German historian has accused the British of "betraying" an anti-communist uprising in the early years of the German Democratic Republic which was eventually put down by Soviet tanks.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /2WWeastGermany.htm (808 words)

	German Democratic Republic - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Under the GDR constitution it was a legal duty of parents to rise their children as good Communists.
		To attempt to leave the country was both a criminal offense in itself and an offense against that clause of the constitution.
		Since East German law explicitly provided for removing children from such parents and placing them for adoption, under the terms of the German reunification treaty, no one can be prosecuted for it.
	famous.adoption.com /famous/german-democratic-republic.html (317 words)

	George Bush Presidential Library and Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Treaty makes clear that the current borders of the Federal Republic of Germany and German Democratic Republic shall be the final and definitive borders of a united Germany.
		During this period the German government shall have complete freedom regarding the stationing of territorial defense units of its own armed forces within the territory of the former German Democratic Republic, and these armed forces shall remain outside the integrated NATO military command structure.
		In this same letter he states that the Federal Republic of Germany will, shortly after unification, resolve through negotiations with the United States Government the claims of U.S. nationals that were previously under discussion with the German Democratic Republic.
	bushlibrary.tamu.edu /research/papers/1990/90092501.html (907 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		With the advent of the Cold War, two German states were formed in 1949: the western Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the eastern German Democratic Republic (GDR).
		The democratic FRG embedded itself in key Western economic and security organizations, the EC, which became the EU, and NATO, while the Communist GDR was on the front line of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact.
		The modernization and integration of the eastern German economy continues to be a costly long-term process, with annual transfers from west to east amounting to roughly $70 billion.
	www.cia.gov /cia/publications/factbook/geos/gm.html (1394 words)

	East Germany - GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The powers originally pursued a common German policy, focused on denazification and demilitarization in preparation for the restoration of a democratic German nation-state.
		An SMAD decree of June 10 granted permission for the formation of antifascist democratic political parties in the Soviet zone; elections to new state legislatures were scheduled for October 1946.
		In Berlin, which was still undivided, the SPD had resisted the party merger and, running on its own, had polled 48.7 percent of the vote, thus scoring a major electoral victory and decisively defeating the SED, which, with 19.8 percent, was third in the voting behind the SPD and the CDU.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-5056.html (848 words)

	The Birth of the German Democratic Republic: German History
		To demonstrate the SED's claim of responsibility for the political future of all Germans, representatives from the Western zones were invited.
		Wilhelm Pieck became the first president of the GDR on the same day, and the newly formed cabinet, under the leadership of Otto Grotewohl, was installed on October 12, 1949.
		- The Birth of the German Democratic Republic
	www.germanculture.com.ua /library/history/bl_gdr.htm (595 words)

	GDR Wall Newspaper Material (1989)
		Background: The GDR appointed agitators to spread its messages in factories, offices, etc. Often, they maintained Wandzeitungen, essentially bulletin boards or "wall newspapers" that contained propaganda, encouragement and news.
		Thälman was the leader of the Communist Party of Germany during the Weimar Republic.
		The FDGB was the "Free German Trade Union." The medal was given to workers who met their goals.
	www.calvin.edu /academic/cas/gpa/wandzeit.htm (432 words)

	Ulbricht and the German Democratic Republic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		But he was one of the most important figures in the construction of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) and for the history of the post-1945 era in Europe.
		Ulbricht was born in Leipzig, the son of a poor and frequently tipsy socialist tailor.
		East German workers were also confused, but increasingly angry at the refusal to reduce the work norms while backing away from all the other features of crash socialization.
	www.appstate.edu /~brantzrw/GermanHistory/ulbricht.htm (4357 words)

	Monthly Review: The rise and fall of the German Democratic Republic
		The former German Democratic Republic (GDR) was generally regarded as the most economically developed and politically stable country of Eastern Europe.
		While I was often struck by the tragedies of the GDR during my Fulbright Lectureship at Humboldt University in 1988-1989, I also felt that it had a tremendous potential if it could somehow achieve a genuine socialist democracy.
		The GDR defined itself as a "developed socialist state," with a democratic constitution, elected assemblies, and authoritative bodies gathered around the leadership of the working class and its party, the SED, but various GDR intellectuals questioned this self-definition.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1132/is_n11_v43/ai_12126487 (413 words)

	Formation of the German Democratic Republic
		Two additional parties, a Democratic Farmers' Party and a National Democratic Party, designed to attract support, respectively, from farmers and from former Nazis, were added with the blessing of the SED.
		In October 1949, following the formation of the Federal Republic, a constitution ratified by the People's Congress went into effect in the Soviet zone, which became the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), with its capital in the Soviet sector of Berlin.
		Although the German Democratic Republic was constitutionally a parliamentary democracy, decisive power actually lay with the SED and its boss, the veteran communist functionary Walter Ulbricht, who held only the obscure position of deputy premier in the government.
	www.fortunecity.com /victorian/riley/787/DDR/foundation/found.html (292 words)

	Political Education in the Former German Democratic Republic - Questia Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A democratic and politically stable Germany is a cornerstone of America's fifty-year defense alliance with Western Europe.
		For the Germans, the five years since reunification have brought challenges of staggering magnitude that were so unanticipated that no contingency plans were in place to meet them.
		The interviews ranged from sessions with two state culture ministers and the CDU education spokesperson in the German Parliament to several state culture ministry officials responsible for political education or for teacher training (or retraining) in their states, school headmasters, and teachers.
	www.questia.com /PM.qst?a=o&d=95875305 (498 words)

	SULAIR: Collections on Recent and Contemporary German Culture and Politics: Cultural History of the German Democratic ...
		The main topic is the Bibliothek fortschrittlicher deutscher Schriftsteller, an anthology of German writers who were "politically correct" in the context of the GDR in the mid-1950s.
		The correspondence touches on matters such as authors' royalties and publishing rights in the GDR and documents certain aspects of Bredel's fall from favor in the GDR, as well as such trivial matters as his efforts to repair his Western automobile.
		Research on the transition from the GDR to the post-reunification Bundesrepublik in literary publishing also requires materials on West German publishing prior to 1989, as well as West German countercultures and underground publishing.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/hasrg/german/cultural.html (2115 words)

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