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German East Africa

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	GERMAN EAST AFRICA - LoveToKnow Article on GERMAN EAST AFRICA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		East Africa is rich in all kinds of antelope, and the elephant, rhinoceros and hippopotamus are still plentiful in parts.
		Wiedhafen is on the east side of Nyasa at the mouth of the Ruhuhu, and is the terminus of the caravan route from Kilwa.
		In the delta of the Rufiji and in the Kilwa district cotton-growing was begun in 1901.
	45.1911encyclopedia.org /G/GE/GERMAN_EAST_AFRICA.htm (6480 words)

	German East Africa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On March 3, 1885, the German government announced that it had granted an imperial charter (secretly, on February 17) to Peters' company, and intended to establish a protectorate in East Africa.
		The Germans were always few in number in the colony, relying on native chiefs to keep order, collect the taxes and start commercial farms for cash crops, such as cotton, coffee and sesame.
		The story of German East Africa in the First World War is essentially the history of the colony's military commander, General Paul Erich von Lettow-Vorbeck.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/German_East_Africa (1057 words)

	KARL PETERS - LoveToKnow Article on KARL PETERS
		(1856), German traveller in Africa, one of the founders of German East Africa, was born at Neuhaus on the Elbe on the 27th of September 1856, the son of a Lutheran clergyman.
		One of its objects was to extend the sphere of German influence, and, reaching Uganda early ~fl 1890, Peters concluded a treaty with the king of that country in favor of Germany.
		In 5891 he went out again to East Africa as imperial high commissioner for the Kilimanjaro district, and in 1892 was one of the commissioners for delimiting the AngloGerman boundary in that region.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PE/PETERS_KARL.htm (533 words)

	Thaddeus Sunseri \| Reinterpreting a Colonial Rebellion: Forestry and Social Control in German East Africa, ...
		German East Africa with Rufji and Kilwa districts shaded.
		German scientific forestry had been developed in the eighteenth century, at a time when officials worried that their forests were being fast depleted, threatening the industrial development of German states.
		Indeed, Germans considered Africans to be a clear threat to forests because of their kulturfeindliche Gepflogenheiten—"practices antithetical to culture" —a double entendre that implied that peasant land and resource use endangered cultivation of trees and land and also deterred a civilizing mission that came with German colonialism.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/eh/8.3/sunseri.html (10301 words)

	Comparative Criminology \| Africa - Tanzania
		Karl Peters, who formed the Society for German Colonization, concluded a series of treaties by which tribal chiefs in the interior accepted German "protection." Prince Otto is von Bismarck's government backed Peters in the subsequent establishment of the German East Africa Company.
		In 1886 and 1890, Anglo-German agreements were negotiated that delineated the British and German spheres of influence in the interior of East Africa and along the coastal strip previously claimed by the Omani sultan of Zanzibar.
		In 1891, the German Government took over direct administration of the territory from the German East Africa Company and appointed a governor with headquarters at Dar es Salaam.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /faculty/rwinslow/africa/tanzania.html (7986 words)

	AllRefer.com - German East Africa, Africa History (African History) - Encyclopedia
		German influence emerged in the area in 1884 when Carl Peters, the German explorer, obtained treaties over parts of the territory.
		The German government declared a protectorate over the area in 1885 and the German East Africa Company was organized to administer it.
		In Jan., 1891, the German government took over the administration of the colony and by 1898 had conquered all of the territory.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/G/GermanEa.html (330 words)

	1884, Nov. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		The German East Africa Company was chartered to take over the claims established by Peters.
		The German government established a protectorate over East Africa from the Umba River in the south to the Rovuma River in the north.
		Germans forced the sultan of Zanzibar to recognize a German protectorate over Witu.
	www.bartleby.com /67/1530.html (126 words)

	Savage and Soldier Online
		The Germans attempted a peace policy of negotiation, even removing Wissmann as commissioner for being too militant, but their efforts were rebuffed.
		The German forces, with only 588 askaris and 458 police in the south, were powerless to contain it, one-fifth of the colony soon was in the hands of the rebels.
		A successful ambush on a German column crossing the Ruhuji River by the Bena kept the rebellion alive in the southwest, but the Germans were not to be denied for long.
	www.savageandsoldier.com /articles/africa/GermanWars.html (4718 words)

	afrol History: German Wituland, a colonial rarity
		German Wituland escaped this harsh period of military actions and thus only rioted because the Germans were failing to comply with their protectorate treaty and handled the Sultanate over to the British.
		The company was established in 1887 and was to trade on the protectorate.
		German colonial enthusiasts were outraged by the treaty; Germany had "given up kingdoms [Uganda, Witu, and Zanzibar] for a bathtub [Heligoland]." Actually, it showed up to be a good deal as Heligoland is the only new German territory that survived the Versailles Treaty of 1919 and still remains part of Germany.
	www.afrol.com /Categories/Culture/History/wituland.htm (1077 words)

	British East Africa
		British East Africa (BEA) is a British territory which sits astride the equator of the Dark Continent.
		The Germans were showing interest in east Africa as well, which only added to the desire for the British to be a force there too.
		In 1886, Britain and Germany split up East Africa between them (except for the coastal strip, which was claimed by the Sultan of Zanzibar), establishing the present border between the two spheres of influence.
	www.heliograph.com /trmgs/trmgs2/bea.shtml (5747 words)

	Historical Background
		On April 28th 1888 the Deutsch-Ostafrihanische Gesellschaft (German East African Company, the chartered company) signed a treaty with the Sultan of Zanzibar according to which the administration of the coastal region within the German sphere of influence was leased, for 50 years, to the Company.
		The German Navy squadron off East Africa could protect the station at Dar es Salam, a town within range of ship artillery.
		German chancellor Otto von Bismarck arranged a multinational blockade (proclaimed November 30th, 1888) of the East African coast, joined by Britain (for British East Africa), Portugal (for northern Mozambique) and Italy.
	bagamoyo.freewebtools.com /custom4.html (743 words)

	PARTIE A - INFORMATIONS ESSENTIELLES
		The administrative acitivites of the German East Africa Company in the territories were closely supervised by the German Imperial Government, which appointed its representative for East Africa in 1887.
		Meanwhile, the Germans and the British negotiated an agreement to end the reign of the Sultan of Zanzibar on parts of the mainland Tanganyika.
		German Records which deal with the Nazi Organization in German East Africa are of world importance.
	www.unesco.org /webworld/nominations/en/tanzania/tanzania.htm (1317 words)

	German East Africa (1885-1919)
		By 1890 German East Africa comprised the modern-day territories of Tanganyika, Burundi and Rwanda.
		Following in the Portuguese and Dutch colonial practice, the Germans treated their overseas possessions an an integral part of one empire and consequently the Imperial German arms and flags were used throughout the Empire.
		The flags were to be based on the German horizontal tricolour of fl, white and red charged in the centre with a distinctive shield of the colony.
	flagspot.net /flags/tz_gea.html (921 words)

	British East Africa Company
		The Imperial British East Africa Company, founded by the Scottish ship-owner Sir William Mackinnon in 1887, was granted a Royal Charter in 1888.
		The aim of the company seems to have been partly political, countering German, French and Italian influence in the area, partly commercial, though it never paid a dividend, and partly philanthropic, supporting the campaign to suppress the slave trade between East Africa and Arabia.
		The company flag and special ensigns were probably granted in the Royal Charter, similar to Article 19 in the charter of the British South Africa Company.
	www.fotw.net /flags/eaf-brit.html (989 words)

	ipedia.com: German East Africa Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The colony's story begins with Carl Peters, an adventurer who founded the "Company for German Colonization" and had signed some dubious treaties with native chiefs of the mainland across from Zanzibar.
		The Germans were always few in number in the colony, relying on native chiefs to keep order, and demanding that they collect the taxes and pay for them by starting commercial farms for cash crops, such as cotton, coffee and sesame.
		Heralded after the war as one of their few heroes, the Germans celebrated Lettow-Vorbeck's as the only German force in the First World War not to have been defeated in open combat.
	www.ipedia.com /german_east_africa.html (1040 words)

	[No title]
		German East Africa was located roughly between what is now Kenya and
		as a protectorate of the German East Africa Company, in 1891 it became an
		The area of German East Africa was mandated to Britain by the
	www.pomexport.com /N-GernmauEastAfrica/N-GernmauEastAfrica.htm (190 words)

	WarFactory - History of the German Colonies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		ermany's acquisition of East Africa was a result of the actions of Dr. Carl Peters, who, in spite of being a frail academic, had a vile temper and a lust for power.
		In this era government of colonies through chartered private companies was common, and thus the region passed into the German sphere.
		The German government, anxious not to lose face, were forced to recruit Askaris and with the aid of the British, (who were vigorously opposed to slavery) put down the rebellion.
	www.warfactory.co.uk /info/colgermanhistory.htm (320 words)

	Memory of the World Register - National Archives / German Records - Tanzania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The German Records show in an outstanding way what the situation was during the "great period" when most of the European powers were busy to divide Africa (East Africa included) among themselves in the form of colonies.
		During this period, Africa, a continent of over 28 million Km², which once was looked at with contempt and regarded as a "dark hell", was partitioned, conquered and occupied effectively by the industrialized nations of Europe.
		Place: The administrative acitivites of the German East Africa Company in the territories were closely supervised by the German Imperial Government, which appointed its representative for East Africa in 1887.
	www.unesco.org /webworld/mdm/1997/eng/tanzania/form.html (1428 words)

	master (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		German East Africa made Dar es Salaam the center of its admisistration.
		Under German authority, modernity was brought to Dar through a railway line that connected them with the rest of Africa.
		All private companies were put under state control in an attempt to implement socialism in Tanzania.
	www.macalester.edu /geography/courses/geog261/cgreig/history.html (579 words)

	Background Notes Archive - Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		As one of Africa's best-known elder statesmen, Nyerere has been involved in many of these organizations, particularly as former chairman of the six front-line states concerned with southern Africa and as former chairman of the OAU (1984-85).
		Tanzania supports the tenets of majority rule and self-determination for all of southern Africa and has been a principal supporter of liberation groups in that part of the continent.
		In 1977, the Kenyan, Tanzanian, and Ugandan partnership in the East African Community, established 10 years earlier, was dissolved.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/bgnotes/af/tanzania9405.html (4488 words)

	Reich Colonial League (Germany)
		But it has a remarkable resemblance with the flag of the Deutsch-Ostafrikanischen Gesellschaft (German East Africa Company), although I am not sure the canton is red (the photo was in fl and white).
		Anyway, the Germans in the 1930s were very serious about getting their colonies back, and had a core of supporters in the ex-colonies whose 'grievances' were continually be exploited by Berlin.
		As a related side issue, there is some evidence that Germany offered a deal to South Africa to keep South Africa out of the war by promising her Rhodesia and other British territories in the event of Britain's defeat.
	flagspot.net /flags/de}rkb.html (680 words)

	Dar-es-Salaam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Dar es Salaam fell into decline after Majid's death in 1870, but was revived in 1887, when the German East Africa Company established a station there.
		The town's growth was facilitated by its role as the administrative and commercial centre of German East Africa and industrial expansion resulting from the construction of the Central Railway Line in the early 1900s.
		German East Africa was captured by the British during World War I and from then on referred to as Tanganyika.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/D/Dar-es-Salaam.htm (409 words)

	Tanzania: History
		The company's aggressive conduct resulted in a major resistance movement along the coast by Arabs, Swahili (whose main leaders were Abushiri and Bwana Heri), and other Africans that was only defeated with the help of the German government.
		Because the company had proved to be an ineffective ruler, the German government in 1891 took over the country (which by then included the coast) and declared it a protectorate.
		Under the Germans, several new crops (including sisal, cotton, and plantation-grown rubber) were introduced; the production and sale of other commodities (notably coffee, copra, sesame, and peanuts) was encouraged, and railroads were built to Kigoma on Lake Tanganyika and to Moshi.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/world/A0861437.html (1855 words)

	German East Africa on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In 1888, the sultan of Zanzibar relinquished the coastal areas, but German control was hindered by the Abushiri revolt (1888-90).
		German policy toward the Sharif of Mecca, 1914-1916.
		Africa: mapping the infrastructure of Namibia; Roy Popiolek and Dagmar Honsbein discuss how spatial data relating to the infrastructure of Namibia was integrated together and is now accessible on the Internet for the...
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/G/GermanE1a.asp (492 words)

	Background Notes Archive - Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The rebellion, which temporarily united a number of southern tribes and ended only after and estimated 120,000 Africans had died from fighting or starvation, is considered by most Tanzanians to have been one of the first stirrings of nationalism.
		Tanzania supported of liberation groups in Southern Africa and was a leading opponent of apartheid in South Africa.
		In 1977, the Kenyan, Tanzanian, and Ugandan partnership in the East African Community (EAC), established 10 years earlier, was dissolved.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /erc/bgnotes/af/tanzania9805.html (4585 words)

	[No title]
		Bantu peoples continued to spread east and south in the 12th to the 15th centuries.
		GERMAN EAST AFRICA was administered by the German East Africa Company.
		In 1891 the German government assumed control and the region became a protectorate.
	www.gateway-africa.com /countries/tanzania.html (640 words)

	[No title]
		In 1885, Karl Peters received a charter for his German East Africa Company and initiated a scramble among the European nations to establish colonies in East Africa.
		In 1887 the sultan leased the northern coastal strip to the Imperial British East Africa Company, and when that company was dissolved in 1895 the British government established the East Africa Protectorate.
		The railroad from Mombasa to Nairobi and Lake Victoria was built in the late 19th century, and as white settlers began to enter Kenya, large areas of the Kenya Highlands--later known as the White Highlands--were subsequently reserved for white-only settlement.
	www.gateway-africa.com /countries/kenya.html (972 words)

	Tanzania (10/05)
		It was hit hard during the 2002-2003 drought years by persistent power shortages caused by low rainfall in the hydroelectric dam catchment area, a condition compounded by years of neglect and bad management at the state-controlled electric company.
		Management of the electric company was contracted to the private sector in 2003.
		One of Africa's best-known elder statesmen, Nyerere was personally active in many of these organizations, and served chairman of the OAU (1984-85) and chairman of six front-line states concerned with eliminating apartheid in Southern Africa.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/2843.htm (4486 words)

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