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Topic: German Emperor

	German Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term German Empire commonly refers to Germany, from its consolidation as a unified nation-state on January 18, 1871, until the abdication of Kaiser (Emperor) Wilhelm II on November 9, 1918.
		German colonial efforts from 1884 brought only a small overseas empire compared to those of Britain and France, although in the Herero Wars it shared the with those empires the phenomenon of armed conflict between natives and colonials.
		Subsequent German foreign policy initiatives (notably the initiation of a large battle fleet under the naval laws of 1898 and 1900) drove Britain into diplomatic alignment (the Entente) with a Franco-Russian alliance already in the offing at the time of Bismarck's fall.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/German_Empire (3095 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Germany
		German history in the Middle Ages was strongly influenced by two opposing principles: universalism and individualism.
		Charlemagne's German policy, therefore, was not a mere brute conquest, but a union which was to be strengthened by the ties of morality and culture to be created by the Christian religion.
		Thus the emperors were by degrees so harassed in their family possessions that, towards the end of Rudolf's reign, the power fell into the hands of the nobility, and Matthias, though advised by his able minister Cardinal Klesl, was hardly able to maintain his authority.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06484b.htm (20891 words)

	Friedrich III, German Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Friedrich III (October 18, 1831 – June 15, 1888), German Emperor (Kaiser) and King of Prussia, ruled 1888.
		When the German states united as a single German Empire in 1871, Friedrich became heir to the new German monarchy with his father as Kaiser.
		Never liked by the powerful German Chancellor Bismarck, who distrusted his wife's liberalism, Friedrich was always kept out of any real position of power throughout his father's life.
	www.pineville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Friedrich_III_of_Germany_(Hohenzollern) (405 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Emperor Charles V
		If he should also become emperor, and thus obtain a title to Milan as well, there would result a political condition against which the popes since Innocent III had constantly fought the union of Milan and Naples in one hand.
		Charles, eager to push the war against the Turks, as well as to restore the unity of Christendom, was ready to partly forego his strict rights both in the Milanese and Burgundy, and to consider the question of the balance of power between his house and that of Valois.
		Ferdinand insisted that the authority of princes in the empire, as settled be the agreement of Passan, should be legally recognized by a decree of the Diet, and the equality of the Catholic and Lutheran religions accepted.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03625a.htm (4837 words)

	Frederick II, Holy Roman emperor and German king. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		1194–1250, Holy Roman emperor (1220–50) and German king (1212–20), king of Sicily (1197–1250), and king of Jerusalem (1229–50), son of Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI and of Constance, heiress of Sicily.
		In his Sicilian kingdom, which included S Italy, he pursued the reverse of his German policy; he suppressed the barons, transported the Saracens to a colony on the mainland, recovered alienated lands, and began his legislative reforms.
		While emperor and pope were thus at swords’ points, Europe was threatened (1241) by a Mongol invasion under Batu Khan.
	www.bartleby.com /65/fr/Fred2HRE.html (1213 words)

	Worldroots.com
		In the last decades of the German Empire, in imitation of the English system, a few families were ennobled with titles that passed on only to the eldest son, the remainder retaining either their father's former title (which he also still carried) or just untitled nobility.
		Both German and Austrian empires ceased to exist after World War I, and the imperial titles have not been carried since the last emperors died (Wilhelm II of Germany in 1941, Karl of Austria in 1922).
		The children of the German emperor were Prinzen von Preußen (Princes of Prussia, not Germany) and royal highnesses, except the eldest, who was German Kronprinz (Crown Prince) and addressed as Imperial and Royal Highness.
	worldroots.com /brigitte/royal/germannobility.htm (3210 words)

	World War I and German Culpability (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Germans felt themselves to be encircled and gradually outmaneuvered by the growing military strength of Russia and France.
		The German Emperor had urged a "halt in Belgrade" for the Austrian armies, but this message was not delivered to Vienna until the afternoon, when it was too late according to Berchtold.
		The German generals were bound by the Kaiser's order to halt at Belgrade, but they ignored that and sent a request to the German minister in Brussels to allow the passage of German troops through Belgium.
	mars.acnet.wnec.edu /~grempel/courses/ww1/lectures/ww1culp.html (2925 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Frederick I
		Many powerful men were at that time to be found among the German clergy, prominent among them being the provost of Hildesheim, Rainald von Dassel, consecrated Archbishop of Cologne in May, 1156, and made chancellor of the empire.
		Some of the German clergy, moreover, had espoused the cause of Alexander III, and Frederick was unable to overcome their opposition.
		The most important result of the ensuing treaty of Venice (1177) was the failure of the emperor to establish his supremacy over the pope; and in acknowledging the complete equality of Alexander, whom he now recognized as pope, Frederick confessed the defeat of the imperial pretensions.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06252b.htm (2336 words)

	Rudolf II and his Artists
		Commissioned by the emperor he painted portraits of women from high society in Graz and Innsbruck whom the monarch considered as potential wives.
		Emperor Rudolf II consented to his return to Italy in 1592 where he died a year later.
		He was honoured with noble status in 1595 by Rudolf II and, in 1609, the emperor conferred on him the privilege of bearing the title of decorative glass engraver.
	www.vol.cz /RUDOLFII/umelcien.html (1686 words)

	HTC: San Francisco Chronicle, July 25, 1905 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Emperor Nicholas wrote to Emperor William several days ago that if, during the latter’s yachting in the Baltic, he should approach the Russian shore, he (Emperor Nicholas) would be pleased to meet him.
		Emperor William went to the meeting, prepared to say, if he were asked, that he thought Emperor Nicholas could effect a full understanding and reconciliation with the discontented portions of his people only through reform.
		Emperor William has the fullest information regarding the Russian situation and may be able to give Emperor Nicholas statements of fact and deductions from them that are unknown to the Russian Emperor.
	www.holy-trinity.org /history/1905/07.25.SF.Chronicle_Czar.html (347 words)

	Petrarch: The German Connection
		From the fervent appeals to settle in the court of the German Emperor to the extravagant affection heaped upon him by modern German scholars, Petrarch, his influence, and his reputation have had a consistent and enthusiastic welcome in the barbaric north.
		Petrarch prays, begs, implores the emperor to undertake actions "for the honor of the Empire, for the salvation of Italy, for the consolation of the city of Rome, thy utterly abandoned bride," etc. We know nothing of a response on the part of Charles.
		The emperor, the empress, the chancellor, and the archbishop all fell under the spell of the new style or at least of the men who proclaimed it.
	www.duke.edu /~frankbo/pdf/petrgercx.htm (5146 words)

	Frederick III, Holy Roman emperor and German king. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		He became head of the house of Hapsburg at the death (1439) of his distant cousin Albert II, whom he was elected (1440) to succeed as German king.
		In return for his support of Pope Eugene IV against Antipope Felix V (see Amadeus VIII), Frederick was promised an imperial coronation at Rome and various subsidies and revenues.
		In 1486, Maximilian was elected king of the Romans, or German king, and after 1490, Frederick resigned most of his duties to his son.
	www.bartleby.com /65/fr/Fred3HRE.html (515 words)

	German Hohenstaufen Dynasty : Conradin Conrad the Younger (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Frederick was the son of Emperor Henry VI and chosen Holy Roman Emperor (1211).
		Conradin was the son of the German king Conrad IV, and of Elizabeth, daughter of Otto II duke of Bavaria.
		Conradin's father was involved in a war with the pope and German princes to establish his claim to the crown.
	histclo.hispeed.com /royal/ger/hre/hohen/conradin.htm (2076 words)

	WILLIAM I. (NETHERLANDS) - LoveToKnow Article on WILLIAM I. (NETHERLANDS) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It was on this occasion, too, that he made the suggestion of an eventual co-operation of the British and German fleets in the Far East.
		The emperor publicly endorsed the chancellor's explanations, and for nearly two years maintained in public an almost unbroken silence.
		In reply to the enquiry what the government intended to do in fulfilment of the pledge given in 1908, the chancellor denied that the emperor had exceeded his constitutional rights, a view supported by the majority of the House.
	23.1911encyclopedia.org /W/WI/WILLIAM_I_NETHERLANDS_.htm (334 words)

	Nobility - Genealogy.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In essence, these families were rulers of their own countries, often in times of a weak emperor paying only lip service to their subservience to him.
		Through most of German history, there was only one of these, the Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation, lasting from the crowning of Charlemagne in the year 800 through the renunciation of the last emperor, Franz II, in 1806 under the influence of Napoleon, who by then had proclaimed himself Emperor of the French.
		The title of German Emperor was always carried in conjunction with that of King of Prussia, and he was addressed as Kaiserliche und Königliche Majestät (Imperial and Royal Majesty).
	en.wiki.genealogy.net /index.php/Nobility (3351 words)

	Henry II, Holy Roman emperor and German king. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Henry II, Holy Roman emperor and German king.
		When Otto III died without an heir, Henry, who was Otto’s second cousin and the great-grandson of Henry I, was elected German king.
		Italian resistance appeared to be broken when Pavia was destroyed in a conflict between the citizens and Henry’s German followers, but his supremacy was still uncertain when he went north to meet Boleslaus I of Poland.
	www.bartleby.com /65/he/Henry2HRE.html (328 words)

	Coronation as emperor. (from Otto I) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		From earliest historical times a king, queen, or chieftain was inaugurated by some public ceremony; the sovereign might be raised upon a shield, presented with a spear, or invested with a distinctive robe or headdress.
		German king and Holy Roman emperor, candidate of the German anti-Hohenstaufen faction, who, after rivalling against two Hohenstaufen kings, was finally deposed.
		Emperor Augustus was known for his peaceful tenure during a time of rampant upheaval.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-5415?tocId=5415 (773 words)

	GERMAN DIPLOMATIC DOCUMENTS, CHAPTER V, THE FIRST HAGUE PEACE CONFERENCE, 1899
		It greatly surprised the German Government and was in sharp contrast with Russia's attitude up to that time and with the continuous massing of troops on the German eastern frontier during the Tsar's reign...
		Andrew White, basing their objections on similar grounds, namely that the German army and British navy were 'in a state of complete preparation for war, and that the truce afforded by arbitration proceedings would give other Powers time, which they would otherwise not have, to put themselves into complete readiness.' (Cf.
		From the beginning the German delegation has insisted that anything implying an engagement to submit to the Court of Arbitration must be cut out, and appeal to the Court must be strictly optional.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/dugdale/hague.htm (2634 words)

	Otto von Bismarck, Founder" of the German Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Otto von Bismarck, born on April 1, 1815 at Schönhausen, is considered the founder of the German Empire.
		The chancellor of the Reich was not responsible to parliament but to the Emperor.
		Next to the Emperor, it was the second most important institution.
	www.germanembassy-india.org /news/98july/gn07.htm (497 words)

	History of the Christian Church, Volume VII. Modern Christianity. The German Reformation. (ii.viii.v) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Reconciliation of the Emperor and the Pope.
		On Nov. 26, 1527, the Emperor concluded an agreement with the Pope by which he was released from confinement, and reinstated in his temporal power (except over a few fortified places), on promise of paying the soldiers, and convening a council for the reformation of the church.
		Charles was crowned Roman emperor, Feb. 24, 1530, at Bologna, the only emperor crowned outside of St. Peter’s at Rome, and the last German emperor crowned by the Pope.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/hcc7.ii.viii.v.html (460 words)

	chronology of medieval boys' clothing -- national historical trends Germany dynastic history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It was not Holy, although the pope crowned the emperor, nor was it Roman.
		Although the Emperor established the principle of civil power, regional leaders used the controversy to significantly weaken the authority of the emperor within Germany and was a major reason that no centralized German state emerged as was the case in many other countries (England, France, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden) during the Medieval era.
		Thus Germany by the 16th century was a loose association of soverign states and numerous small principalities under the limited influence of a Habsburg emperor.
	histclo.hispeed.com /chron/med/nat/ger/mg-dyn.html (2031 words)

	GERMAN DIPLOMATIC DOCUMENTS, CHAPTER III, THE ANGLO-GERMAN CONVENTIONS OF AUGUST 30TH, 1898-JUNE-SEPTEMBER, 1898
		The German Government at once decided to bring pressure so as to be admitted as joint lender to Portugal, and introduced a condition that no other country should be permitted to offer a loan.
		The German Government pressed for a speedy conclusion of an agreement forcing a loan secured on Portugal's colonies in the thinly disguised hope of being certainly able to foreclose on the share of them which was to fall to Germany.
		I did not fail to reply, representing very fitly that it was hard for German public opinion to forget the amazing personal attacks and insults which had been so often directed against His Majesty in the Press here and in public speeches and on public occasions.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/dugdale/chapter3.htm (4174 words)

	World War I, The German Declaration of War on Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In consequence of this threatening step, which was not justified by any military proceedings on the part of Germany, the German Empire was faced by a grave and imminent danger.
		If the German Government had failed to guard against this peril, they would have compromised the safety and the very existence of Germany.
		The German Government were, therefore, obliged to make representations to the Government of His Majesty the Emperor of All the Russias and to insist upon a cessation of the aforesaid military acts.
	www.lib.byu.edu /~rdh/wwi/1914/germandecruss.html (221 words)

	Skeleton Holds Key to German Emperor's Cathedral
		Many historians regard Otto I, king of the Germans from 936 to 973, as the architect of the Holy Roman Empire, ruling an area encompassing modern Germany, Holland, Belgium, Switzerland, Austria, Luxembourg, eastern France and northern Italy.
		Ludowici, with her fellow archeologist Rainer Kuhn from the state office for archeology, uncovered the foundations of the once-proud building in Magdeburg, where Otto founded an archbishopric and built a cathedral in 968 to consolidate church power in the East.
		In 962 Otto was the first German king in almost a century to be crowned emperor by the pope.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/927776/posts (1253 words)

	Pragmatic Sanction of 1713
		Meanwhile, Ernst's sons Friedrich V (1415-93, German king in 1440, crowned emperor in 1452) and Albrecht VI (1418-63) inherited the Albertine line's lands in Austria in 1457 and immediately fell out over it, but by 1463 the emperor was left alone in possession.
		As German Emperor, Friedrich III approved the fake document produced by Rudolf IV, and thereby conferred on the archdukes of Austria a collection of privileges known as the privilegium majus (as opposed to the privilegium minus of 1156).
		Consequently, the Emperor on 27 Jan 1903 announced that he had suspended her rights, honors and privileges, and forbidden her from using again her titles as imperial princess, archduchess, royal princess of Hungary, the style of imperial and royal highness, etc.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/royalty/ps1713.htm (10678 words)

	AllRefer.com - Maximilian I, 1459–1519, Holy Roman emperor and German king (German History, Biography) - ...
		Maximilian I, 1459–1519, Holy Roman emperor and German king, German History, Biographies
		Maximilian I 1459–1519, Holy Roman emperor and German king (1493–1519), son and successor of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III.
		As emperor, he aspired to restore forceful imperial leadership and inaugurate much-needed administrative reforms in the increasingly decentralized empire.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/Maxi1HRE.html (215 words)

	German Emperor On Christianity
		ON April 24, 1901, William, Emperor of Germany, took his son, the Crown Prince Frederick William, to Bonn, to place him as a student in the university.
		The future awaits you and will need your strength, not to squander in cosmopolitan dreams or one-sided party tendencies, but to foster the stability of national thought and ideals which the German race, by God's grace, has been permitted to bring forth from Boniface and Walther Von der Vogelweide to Goethe and Schiller.
		They have become a light and blessing to all mankind; they worked `universal' and were nevertheless in themselves strictly exclusive Germans.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles26/speaking-oak-226.shtml (408 words)

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