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Topic: German Instrument of Surrender, 1945

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	German Instrument of Surrender, 1945 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The German Instrument of Surrender, 1945 refers to the legal instrument of World War II in which the High Command of Nazi Germany surrendered simultaneously to the Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force and to the Soviet High command.
		The Instrument of Surrender was signed at Rheims, France, at 2:41 hours on 7 May 1945.
		The unconditional surrender was signed by Generaloberst Alfred Jodl, on behalf of the High Command and as the representative for Karl Dönitz.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/German_Instrument_of_Surrender,_1945 (280 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		This insturment of surrender is independent of, without pre- judice to, and will be superseded by any general instrument of surrender imposed by or on behalf of the Allied Powers and applicable to Germany and the German armed forces as a whole.
		This act of military surrender is without prejudice to, and will be superseded by any general instrument of surrender imposed by, or on behalf of the United Nations and applicable to GERMANY and the German armed forces as a whole.
		German Naval and other personnel concerned in the operation of ports and administrative services in ports are to remain at their stations and to continue to carry out their normal duties.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /gopher/text/historical/german-surrender (4045 words)

	Japanese Instrument of Surrender - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Representatives of Japan stand aboard the USS Missouri prior to signing of the Instrument of Surrender.
		The Instrument of Surrender of Japan was the armistice ending World War II.
		The instrument was first signed by the Japanese foreign minister Mamoru Shigemitsu "By Command and on behalf of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese Government" and then Gen. Yoshijiro Umezu "By Command and on behalf of the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters" at 9:04 a.m.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Japanese_Instrument_of_Surrender_(1945) (460 words)

	The Avalon Project : Instrument of Surrender (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Instrument of Surrender of All German armed forces in HOLLAND, in northwest Germany including all islands, and in DENMARK.
		The German Command agrees to the surrender of all armed forces in HOLLAND, in northwest GERMANY including the FRISLIAN ISLANDS and HELIGOLAND and all islands, in SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN, and in DENMARK, to the C.-in-C. 21 Army Group.
		This insturment of surrender is independent of, without pre-judice to, and will be superseded by any general instrument of surrender imposed by or on behalf of the Allied Powers and applicable to Germany and the German armed forces as a whole.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/wwii/gs1.htm (255 words)

	1945 German Surrender (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		This instrument of surrender is independent of, without prejudice to, and will be superseded by any general instrument of surrender imposed by or on behalf of the Allied Powers and applicable to Germany and the German armed forces as a whole.
		This instrument of surrender is written in English and in German.
		The German High Command will at once issue orders to all German military, naval and air authorties and to all forces under German control to cease active operations at 2301 hours Central European time on 8 May and to remain in the positions occupied at that time.
	www.canadahistory.com /sections/documents/germansurender.htm (3692 words)

	Exchange Club Sugar Land, Texas
		We the undersigned, acting by authority of the German High Command, hereby surrender unconditionally to the Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force and simultaneously to the Soviet High Command all forces on land, sea, and in the air who are at this date under German control.
		The German High Command will at once issue orders to all German military, naval and air authorities and to all forces under German control to cease active operations at 2301 hours Central European time on S May and to remain in the positions occupied at that time.
		The Northwest Ordinance Instrument of surrender in the Pacific
	www.ecsl.org /service/german.htm (337 words)

	WWII: The World at War 1945
		An aerial view of the damage done to the German city of Dresden by the intense Allied bombing on the night of 13/14 February 1945.
		In 1945 Dresden was thought to be the safest town in Germany, but with the January Russian offensive, refugees from the east were pouring in and, with the 26.000 Allied prisoners held there, the city was overcrowded and the parks used for camps.
		The German defensive lines at the Oder have already been weakened by earlier attacks and they are hopelessly short of guns, tanks and air support.
	www.euronet.nl /users/wilfried/ww2/1945.htm (4151 words)

	The Avalon Project : German Surrender Documents
		Instrument of Local Surrender of German and Other Forces Under the Command or Control of the German Commander-In-Chief Southwest; April 29, 1945
		Instrument of Surrender of all German Armed Forces in Holland, in Northwest Germany Including all Islands, and in Denmark; May 4, 1945
		Act of Military Surrender Signed at Rheims at 0241 on the 7th day of May, 1945
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/wwii/gsmenu.htm (162 words)

	NARA - Press - Special Display Of V-E Document And Maps For Press Only
		The official German surrender document signed at Rheims is preserved by the National Archives among the Instruments of Surrender and Armistice in the official records of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff.
		While the Germans stalled for time to allow as many soldiers and civilians as possible to move west in order to escape the savagery of the Red Army, Eisenhower's patience ran out.
		On May 8, a nearly identical surrender document was signed in Berlin at the insistence of the Soviet Union, which had not authorized a representative to sign the surrender agreement concluded at Rheims.
	www.archives.gov /press/press-releases/2005/nr05-62.html?template=print (556 words)

	German Surrender Documents
		The German High Command will at once issue orders to all German military, naval and air authorities and to all forces under German control to cease active operations at =2301= hours Central European time on = 8 May = and to remain in the positions occupied at that time.
		Another responsible German Naval Officer, with similar information is to be dispatched by unescorted aircraft painted white to MANSTON Aerodrome position 51 20' NORTH, 1 20' EAST for onward routing to Commander-in-Chief, THE NORE.
		For the triumph of spirit and of arms which we have won, and of its promise to peoples everywhere who join us in the love of freedom, it is fitting that we, as a nation, give thanks to Almighty God, who has strengthened us and given us the victory.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/ww2/surrenderdocs.html (4235 words)

	World War II Multimedia Database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Everywhere, German soldiers were trying to get refugees out of the way of the advancing Red Army and to surrender to the Western Allies.
		Close to 2,000,000 German troops were imprisoned by the Soviets in the closing weeks of the war.
		The corpses, piled high as the Germans tried to destroy the evidence of their crime by accelerating the killing, were all over the camps.
	www.worldwar2database.com /html/germansurrender.htm (1039 words)

	The Institute of World Politics > News & Publication > Ridicule: An instrument in the war on terrorism
		His propagandists in 1933 tried to appeal to the satirical German public by issuing a compendium of tame political cartoons, but the effort went nowhere.
		German jokes about the Nazis quickly went underground, but resurfaced when the people saw the regime near collapse toward the end of the war.
		Among the many instruments the U.S. used to convince Italians to vote against the Communist Popular Front was the romantic comedy Ninotchka, a parody of life in the Soviet Union starring Greta Garbo and Melvyn Douglas.
	www.iwp.edu /news/newsID.258/news_detail.asp (3921 words)

	THE JAPANESE SURRENDER DOCUMENTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		This military power is sustained and inspired by the determination of all the Allied Nations to prosecute the war against Japan until she ceases to resist.
		We hereby proclaim the unconditional surrender to the Allied Powers of the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters and of all Japanese armed forces and all armed forces under the Japanese control wherever situated.
		WHEREAS the terms of surrender were, on the 2d day of September 1945 as given by the United States, the Republic of China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union of Socialist Republics and other allied powers, accepted by the Imperial Japanese Government, and
	www.ibiblio.org /pha/policy/1945/450729a.html (3502 words)

	KARL WOLFF - AUTOGRAPH LETTER SIGNED 06/25/1945
		On April 29, 1945, German emissaries signed the instrument of surrender at Allied headquarters in Caserta to take effect at noon on May 2, 1945.
		After Nuremberg, Wolff was tried by a German court and sentenced to four years' imprisonment with hard labor, but was released a week later.
		In January, 1962, Wolff was arrested and charged with the murder of Jews and with direct responsibility for the deportation of 300,000 Jews to the Treblinka concentration camp during the summer of 1942.
	www.galleryofhistory.com /archive/12_2003/military/KARL_WOLFF.htm (486 words)

	Kinnard review essay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		It was “a bridge too far,” resulting in ten thousand casualties and the destruction of the British 1st Airborne Division, proving that the Germans were far from beaten or vulnerable to a thrust across their northern flank.
		The book concludes on 7 May 1945, at Supreme Headquarters in Reims, France, with the signing of the German instrument of surrender.
		After tiring of his staff’s efforts to write a grandiloquent message to the Combined Chiefs officially informing them of the surrender, General of the Army Eisenhower quickly wrote one himself: “The mission of this allied force was fulfilled at 0241 local time, May 7, 1945.” It was typical Ike.
	www.nwc.navy.mil /press/review/2003/Winter/re4-w03.htm (2318 words)

	Naval Operations in the Pacific from March 1944 to October 1945
		The amphibious operations of the spring, summer and autumn of 1944 carried our forces such great distances across the Pacific that in February 1945 they were enabled to begin the assault upon the inner defenses of the Japanese Empire itself.
		For seven months prior to the February 1945 assault, Iwo Jima was subjected to air attacks and surface bombardments, which increased in frequency and intensity from December 1944 onward.
		The situation in the Philippines on 1 March 1945 found United States forces controlling all of Leyte and Mindoro, most of Samar except a small area in the north, the central part of Luzon from Lingayen Gulf to Manila and certain areas to the south.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/Compac45.html (22138 words)

	Victory_Day - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia
		It is celebrated in the successor states to the Soviet Union on May 9, because when the German Instrument of Surrender was signed (in the midnight), it was already May 9 in the USSR and Eastern Europe.
		Victory Day on August 30 is a national holiday in Turkey to commemorate the victory in the Battle of Dumlupinar, the final battle in the Turkish War of Independence in 1922.
		Victory Day on December 16 is a national holiday in Bangladesh to commemorate the surrender of Pakistani forces in the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971.
	www.timesharetalk.co.uk /wiki.asp?k=Victory_Day (528 words)

	German Surrender Documents
		This instrument of surrender is independent of, without pre- judice to, and will be superseded by any general instrument of surrender imposed by or on behalf of the Allied Powers and applicable to Germany and the German armed forces as a whole.
		The German High Command will dispatch within 48 hours after the surrender becomes effective, a responsible- Flag Officer to the Allied Naval Commander, Expeditionary Force at his headquarters.
		The German High Command will also dispatch within 48 hours after the surrender becomes effective a responsible officer, not below the rank of Captain, by coastal craft to report to the Admiral Commanding at DOVER for onward routing to Commander-in-Chief, THE NORE, with:-
	www.adolfhitler.ws /lib/proc/surrenderdocs.html (4072 words)

	CBC News Indepth: VE Day
		The German High Command will at once issue orders to all German military, naval and air authorities and to all forces under German control to cease active operations at 2301 hours Central European Time on Eight May and to remain in the positions occupied at the time.
		The German High Command will at once issue to the appropriate commanders, and insure the carrying out of any further order issued by the Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force, and by the Soviet High Command.
		From the liberation of Holland through the German surrender, celebrations in Canada and the servicemen's return, CBC Archives follows Canadians as the war ends in Europe.
	www.cbc.ca /news/background/ve-day/german_surrender_agreement.html (361 words)

	The University of Oklahoma College of Law: A Chronology of US Historical Documents
		These ships are to broadcast their positions hourly by W/T on 500 ks.
		Z 043 31 mins North 065 degs 05 mins West approach from point 042 degs 59 mins North 054 degs 28 mins West on a course 320 degs.
		{Reichspresident Donitz's authorization to German representatives to execute ratification}.
	www.law.ou.edu /ushistory/germsurr.shtml (4256 words)

	USHDA \| German Surrender Documents of WWII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		ALLIED EXPEDITIONARY FORCE RELATING TO Local commanders of the Army and Air Force under German control on the Western Front, in NORWAY and in the CHANNEL ISLANDS will hold themselves in readiness to receive detailed orders for the surrender of their forces from the Supreme Commander's subordinate commanders opposite their front.
		The Allied armies, through sacrifice and devotion and with God's help, have wrung from Germany a final and unconditional surrender.
		The western world has been freed of the evil forces which for five years and longer have imprisoned the bodies and broken the lives of millions upon millions of free-born men.
	www.ushda.org /germsurr.shtml (4079 words)

	Universal jurisdiction: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Since, lacking sovereignty, the powers of an international organization are derivative of those of its member states, the legal jurisdiction of an international tribunal is dependent on powers of jurisdiction possessed by the states which established it, and to what extent they decided to transfer these powers to the international tribunal.
		In the case of the Nuremberg Trials, the legal basis for the tribunal was that the Allied powers were exercising German sovereign powers which had been transferred to it by the German Instrument of Surrender (German Instrument of Surrender: the german instrument of surrender, 1945 refers to the legal instrument of world war...
		Universal jurisdictions must also be distinguished from other theories of law which allow a state to try a person who is alleged to have abused human rights.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/universal_jurisdiction (1338 words)

	THE GERMAN SURRENDER DOCUMENTS - WWII:
		All available information concerning the numbers and types of German minesweepers and sperr brechers in German controlled Dutch ports and German NORTH SEA ports that can be obtained without delaying his departure.
		Another responsible German Naval Officer, with similar information is to be dispatched by un-escorted aircraft painted white to MANSTON Areodrome position 51 20' NORTH, 1 20' EAST for onward routing to Commander-in-Chief, THE NORE.
		The German High Command will furnish the following information to the Allied Naval Commander, Expeditionary Force, at.......by........
	www.peacekey.com /germsurr_1.htm (2048 words)

	German Surrender Documents
		--This to include all naval ships in these areas-- These forces to lay down their arms and to surrender unconditionally.
		The German High Command will at once issue orders to all German military, naval and air authorties and to all forces under German control to cease active operations at --2301-- hours Central European time on -- 8 May-- and to remain in the positions occupied at that time.
		NOW, THEREFORE, I, HARRY S. President of the United States of America, do hereby appoint Sunday, May 13, 1945 to be a day of prayer.
	www.historyplace.com /worldwar2/timeline/surrender.htm (4092 words)

	THE GERMAN SURRENDER DOCUMENTS
		German naval aircraft are not to leave the
		Command of this act of Unconditional Surrender of the
		instrument of surrender imposed by, or on behalf of
	www.peacekey.com /germsurr_2.htm (1944 words)

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