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Topic: German monarchy

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: German Revolution
		The German Revolution is a series of events that occurred in 1918-1919, culminating in the overthrow of the Kaiser and the establishment of the weak Weimar Republic.
		German Emperor Wilhelm II (born Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albrecht von Hohenzollern 27 January 1859â€“4 June 1941), was the last German Emperor (Kaiser) and the last King (KÃ¶nig) of Prussia, ruling from 15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918.
		9% of the population is not ethnically German.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/German-Revolution (1868 words)

	Kurt Schumacher - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1930 he was elected to the national legislature, the Reichstag, and in August 1932 he was elected to the SPD leadership group, although at 38 he was youngest SPD member of the legislature.
		The inability of the SPD and the German Communist Party to form a united front meant that they could not prevent the Nazis coming to power in January 1933.
		Further, the onset of the Cold War, and particularly the ruthless behaviour of the Soviets and the German Communists in the Soviet Zone, produced an anti-socialist reaction in Germany as elsewhere.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kurt_Schumacher (1430 words)

	German Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The German Revolution (also known as November Revolution) is a series of events that occurred before and after the end of World War I in 1918-1919, culminating in the overthrow of the Kaiser and the establishment of the politically fragile Weimar Republic.
		The German Revolution was one of the Revolutions of 1917-23, triggered by the First World War, occurring as military defeat appeared imminent.
		Kaiser Wilhelm was forced to abdicate on 9 November, effectively ending the German monarchy, although monarchial support continued to run strong, especially in the middle- and upper-classes.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/German_Revolution (1086 words)

	Friedrich Ebert - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ebert led the new government for the next several months, notably using the army to suppress an uprising by the leftist Spartacist movement, commonly identified with Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht, even though many of its members were centrist SPD supporters.
		In spite of Ebert's support for the violent suppression of revolutionary uprisings, the German workers protected his government from the Kapp Putsch in 1920 by means of a nationwide general strike.
		While the SPD recognizes him as one of the founders and keepers of German democracy whose death in office in February 1925 was a great loss, communists and others on the far left argue that he paved the way for fascism by supporting the ultra-right Freikorps and their violent suppression of workers' urprisings.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Friedrich_Ebert (1048 words)

	1244. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Appeal to the Germans to revolt and elect a new king; deposition of Frederick; Louis IX's efforts at conciliation and Frederick's offers rebuffed by the pope: Innocent unleashed the Franciscans and Dominicans in a war of propaganda and proclaimed a crusade against Frederick.
		The imperial title remained (1268–1806) an appendage of the German monarchy, but as the Germans were little interested in the title, the way to the imperial throne was opened to ambitious foreigners.
		The informal (until the 14th century) constitution of the German monarchy: Election of the king (originally by tribal chieftains) devolved on the tenants-in-chief, then on a group of them; election to be followed by ratification by the others.
	www.bartleby.com /67/459.html (839 words)

	Germany the Hohenstaufen Dynasty, 1138-1254
		Because the German dukes had grown stronger both during and after the Investiture Contest and because royal access to the resources of the church in Germany was much reduced, Frederick was forced to go to Italy to find the finances needed to restore the king's power in Germany.
		Offers of reduced taxes and manorial duties enticed many Germans to settle in the east as the area's original inhabitants were killed or driven away.
		The Great Interregnum (1256-73), a period of anarchy in which there was no emperor and German princes vied for individual advantage, followed the death of Frederick's son Conrad IV in 1254.
	www.country-studies.com /germany/the-hohenstaufen-dynasty,-1138-1254.html (926 words)

	Chancellor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The title as “German Chancellor” 1524-1660 anticipated the Minister of Foreign Affairs while the “Chancellor of the Realm” from the 1370s to 1660 was something between a Minister of Juridical Affairs and a President of the Supreme Court.
		In German politics the Bundeskanzler position is somewhat equivalent to that of a Prime Minister, and is elected by the Bundestag, the German Parliament, every 4 years.
		After the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918, the German chancellor no longer presided over the upper house of parliament, but was head of the republic's government.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/chancellor (1793 words)

	Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During his reign, he proved that the German monarchy had become a viable institution.
		Survival of the monarchy was no longer dependent on contracts between sovereign and territorial nobles.
		Henry, count of Speyer, the father of Conrad II was a grandson of Luitgard, a daughter of Emperor Otto I who had married the Salian Duke Conrad the Red of Lorraine.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Konrad_II (958 words)

	Germany - The Saxon Dynasty, 919-1024
		The coronation of Otto was a moment of glory for the German monarchy, but its long-term consequences were not beneficial because as German kings sought to exercise the offices of the empire they became involved in Italian affairs, often to such an extent that they neglected the governing of Germany.
		A last problem was that the succession to the German throne was often uncertain or was hotly contested because it was not inheritable, but could only be attained through election by the German dukes.
		The German monarch's struggle with the papacy resulted in a war that ravaged German lands from 1077 until the Concordat of Worms in 1122.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-4858.html (932 words)

	German Flag Store - buy flags of Germany
		By a Decree of 2 March 1886, its use was authorized for the rulers and princes of ruling houses of German states and for mayors of the Hansa cities.
		The term German Empire (Deutsches Reich) commonly refers to Germany, from its consolidation as a unified nation-state on January 18, 1871,under Kaiser (Emperor) Wilhelm I until the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II on November 9, 1918.
		The period of German history from 1919 to 1933 is known as the (Pronounced Vye-Mar, and in German it is known as the "Weimarer Republik").
	www.germanflag.us /downloads.html (802 words)

	lese majesty - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		The legislation against the crime passed into Germanic law, and feudal law heightened the personalization of the concept because of the personal nature of the feudal bond.
		The decline of absolute monarchies hastened the disappearance of the crime, although it remained in German law until the fall of the German monarchy in 1918.
		While in some modern countries verbal or written attacks on the form of government, the head of the state, or public officials are made crimes analogous to lese majesty, in countries such as the United States that recognize the right to freedom of speech, the concept of lese majesty is severely restricted.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/l1/lesemaje.asp (409 words)

	Crown Prince Wilhelm of Germany - InformationBlast
		Crown Prince Wilhelm of Germany (May 6, 1882-July 20, 1951) was crown prince of Prussia and the German Empire from 1888 until the abolition of the German monarchy in 1918.
		He was born in 1882, to Wilhelm II of Germany, then eldest son of the Crown Prince, who acceded to the throne in 1888.
		After the abolition of the German monarchy in 1918 he fled with his father to the Netherlands on November 12, 1918.
	www.informationblast.com /Crown_Prince_Wilhelm_of_Germany.html (177 words)

	Kultur - Iridis Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Kultur is the German concept and influence of a particular Germanic attitude, spirit, temperament, ambition, achievement, and purpose.
		That is why all Germans tended not only to know the same facts, but also to have a similar outlook on life and similar opinions about Goethe, Shakespeare, and the German navy.
		It owed its origin and character to absolutist state control; it was employed to promote the unity of the nation and to stimulate pride in and loyalty to the omnipotent state; it was at once the cause and the chief support of a policy of domination and aggression toward other nations.
	www.iridis.com /Kultur (661 words)

	East Germany - Salian Dynasty, 1024 - 1125 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The German monarchy established itself as a major European power under the Salian emperors.
		The papal-imperial struggle resulted in civil war, which ravaged the German lands from 1077 until the issue was resolved by the Concordat of Worms in 1122.
		Hence the foundations of the territorial particularism characteristic of subsequent German history were laid during the civil wars.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-5032.html (263 words)

	Charles I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		All these characteristics of the medieval monarchy were still perceived as genuine in the early seventeenth century, even though a series of violent events affected the prestige of the English monarchy.
		The prestige of monarchy was affected and it may have seemed that it only took an assembly of barons, clerics and townsmen to depose a king.
		It also affected the image of the English monarchy so badly, that in 1484 the chancellor of France, in his speech to the States General of Tours, cited the example of England as a country in which the murderer of the lawful heirs to the throne was made king by the favour of the people.
	erasmus.ong.ro /articol02.htm (5253 words)

	Friedrich Ebert (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In August 1914, Ebert led the party to vote almost unanimously in favor of warappropriations, accepting German propaganda that a war was a necessarypatriotic, defensive measure.
		Following the outbreak of the German Revolution, Prince Max resigned on November 9, and Ebert was appointed Imperial Chancellor.
		Ebert led the new government for the next several months, notably using the army to suppress an uprising by the leftist Spartacist movement, commonly identified with Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht, eventhough many of its members were centrist SPD supporters.
	www.therfcc.org /friedrich-ebert-35480.html (936 words)

	Kultur (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Kultur is the German concept and influence of a particularGermanic attitude, spirit, temperament, ambition, achievement, and purpose.
		Kultur is one of the foundational stones of German monarchy, the Hohenzollern Dynasty.
		It owed its origin and character to absolutist state control; it was systematically employed topromote the unity of the nation and to stimulate pride in and loyalty to the omnipotent state; it was at once the cause and thechief support of a policy of domination and aggression toward other nations.
	www.therfcc.org /kultur-2955.html (650 words)

	Bismarck VS Cavour
		Otto Von Bismarck was the German "Chancellor"(Prime minister) under the rule of William I.
		He was for the German monarchy, and he detested liberalists.
		Bismarck was not a German nationalist, he was a man of Prussian state and despite the wars, he always wished to conduct peaceful politics and government as Cavour.
	www.allfreeessays.com /student/Bismarck_VS_Cavour.html (726 words)

	German monarchy
		The German question is not a constitutional question, but a question of power; and the Prussian monarchy is now wholly German, while that of Austria cannot be.
		The German monarchy might have been abolished, but nobles themselves were not.
		An umbrella group for German nobility estimates that there are between 70,000 and 80,000 people in the country today...
	www.logicjungle.com /wiki/German_monarchy (321 words)

	Kaiser - TheBestLinks.com - German monarchy, Austria, Automobile, Aluminium, ...
		Kaiser - TheBestLinks.com - German monarchy, Austria, Automobile, Aluminium,...
		Kaiser is a German title meaning emperor, derived from the Roman title of Caesar, as is the Russian title of Czar.
		While Kaiser denoted both the rulers of the Holy Roman Empire (962 - 1806) and of the Austrian and Austro-Hungarian Empire (1806 - 1918), in English usage the title is mainly associated with the emperors of the unified German Empire (1871 - 1918).
	www.thebestlinks.com /German_monarchy.html (160 words)

	End of Europe's Middle Ages - Origins of the Holy Roman Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		When the Empire was divided between Charlemagne's grandsons in 840, the split was along linguistic lines - French to the west, German to the east, and a narrow strip down the centre that would be the cause of bitter territorial disputes between France and Germany into the twentieth century.
		After the death of the last Carolingian emperor in 911, the monarchy fell into the hands of the dukes of Franconia and Saxony until the Saxon line was able to assimilate the crown into their dynastic line.
		His successful defence of Germany against the Hungarians in 955 validated his claim as monarch over the German princes and, in 962, Otto I was crowned 'Roman Emperor' by Pope John XII.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/endmiddle/bluedot/originHRE.html (373 words)

	Christmas, Legend of Christmas Tree
		In the next 5 centuries, the tree became a symbol of Christianity, and was being hung upside-down from the ceiling as a sign of Christianity.
		In the middle of the 16th century, Christmas started already to turn into a business as the German people at the local market sold everything from gifts, food and also more practical items such as knife grinders to sharpen the knife to carve the Christmas Goose.
		The British people were not found of the German Monarchy, did not copy the fashions at Court, which is why the Christmas Tree did not establish in Britain at this time.
	www.inglewoodcarecentre.com /history/christmastree.htm (470 words)

	Sodom And Begorrah Case Of The Crown Jewels, The Courtiers And A Gay Cover-Up
		And all this is on a scale big enough to rock the monarchy and appal the citizenry, with an amazing cast of characters, some of whom end up disgraced, in prison or meeting sudden mysterious ends.
		One theory is that the King hastily ended inquiries after being informed of a homosexual network based at the castle, which included Frank Shackleton, the disreputable brother of the polar explorer Ernest Shackleton, and the Duke of Argyll, the King's brother-in-law, who had a known fondness for Guardsmen.
		The King, though himself no model of marital rectitude, had seen the German monarchy damaged by a homosexual scandal and certainly would have wanted things hushed up.
	www.rense.com /general44/sod.htm (791 words)

	Crown Prince Wilhelm of Germany - The Jiggies Reference Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Crown Prince Wilhelm of Germany (May 6, 1882-July 20, 1951) was crown prince of Prussia and the German Empire from 1888 to the abolition of the German monarchy in 1918.
		He was born in 1882, to Wilhelm II of Germany, then eldest son of the Crown Prince, who acceeded to the throne in 1888.
		He refused to join the Nazi Party, although he did endorse Hitler in the German presidential election of 1932.
	www.jiggies.com /reference/Crown_Prince_Wilhelm_of_Germany (173 words)

	World War I, The German White Book (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The investigation of the crime through the Austro-Hungarian authorities has yielded the fact that the conspiracy against the life of the Archduke and successor to the throne was prepared and abetted in Belgrade with the cooperation of Serbian officials, and executed with arms from the Serbian State arsenal.
		The goal of these policies was the gradual revolutionizing and final separation of the southeasterly districts from the Austro-Hungarian monarchy and their union with Serbia.
		To oblige Bulgaria to fall in with this plan it was to be isolated, Roumania attached to Russia with the aid of French propaganda, and Serbia promised Bosnia and the Herzegovina.
	www.lib.byu.edu /~rdh/wwi/1914/germbook.html (877 words)

	Kapp, Wolfgang - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		KAPP, WOLFGANG [Kapp, Wolfgang], 1858-1922, German right-wing politician.
		In 1920 he led the uprising known as the Kapp putsch, an armed revolt in Berlin aimed at restoring the German monarchy.
		He seized the Berlin government, but a general strike broke his power.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/K/Kapp-W1ol.asp (127 words)

	9 November -- The Salon with essayist Valentine Smith -- November/December 1997
		But, the disintegration of the Hohenzollerans was the beginning of the change in European governments from monarchies to "republics," albeit perhaps strange forms of those.
		Four of them disintegrated after World War I; the German monarchy was the first to fall, followed by the Hapsburgs, Romanovs (who paid with their lives for the fall of their dynasty), and lastly the Ottomans.
		This "entry/essay"is probably too historical for most of your tastes, but I continue to think some of us have a duty, because we do know, or remember, or both, to remark on the events of the past we are aware of.
	www.eclectica.org /v2n1/val_november_9.html (884 words)

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