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Topic: German as a minority language

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	German_language information. LANGUAGE SCHOOL EXPLORER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		German is spoken primarily in Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, in two-thirds of Switzerland, in the South Tirol province of Italy (in German, SÃ¼dtirol), in the small East Cantons of Belgium, and in some border villages of the South Jutland County (in German, Nordschleswig, in Danish, SÃ¸nderjylland) of Denmark.
		German immigrants were instrumental in the country's three largest urban areas: Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver, but post-WWII immigrants managed to preserve a fluency in the German language in their respective neighborhoods and sections.
		German is a member of the western branch of the Germanic family of languages, which in turn is part of the Indo-European language family.
	www.school-explorer.com /German (6036 words)

	German language - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		German is spoken primarily in Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, in two-thirds of Switzerland, in the South Tyrol province of Italy (in German, Südtirol), in the small East Cantons of Belgium, and in some border villages of the South Jutland County (in German, Nordschleswig, in Danish, Sønderjylland) of Denmark.
		German used to be the language of commerce and government in the Habsburg Empire, which encompassed a large area of Central and Eastern Europe.
		German is a member of the western branch of the Germanic family of languages, which in turn is part of the Indo-European language family.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/German_language (4364 words)

	German Resource Center - german shepherd
		German is spoken primarily in Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, in two-thirds of Switzerland, in two-thirds of the South Tyrol province of Italy (in German, Südtirol), in the small East Cantons of Belgium, and in some border villages of the South Jutland County (Nordschleswig) of Denmark.
		German is the main language of about german language 100 million people in Europe (as of 2004), or 13.3% of all Europeans, being the most spoken language in Europe excluding Russia, above French (66.5 million speakers in Europe in 2004) and English (64.2 million speakers in Europe in 2004).
		German is the third most taught foreign language worldwide, also in the USA (after Spanish and French); it is the second most known foreign language in the EU (after English; see [1]) It is one of the official languages of the European Union.
	www.taxgloss.com /Tax-Banks_Cl_-_G-/German.html (3500 words)

	German Language - History and Use
		German (called "Deutsch" in German), is a member of the western group of Germanic languages and is one of the world's major languages.
		German is the third most popular foreign language taught worldwide, and the second most popular in Europe (after English), the USA and East Asia (Japan).
		German used to be the language of commerce and government in the Habsburg Empire, which encompassed a large area of Central and Eastern Europe.
	www.germannotes.com /hist_germany_language.shtml (934 words)

	Cazoo.Org » Blog Archive » Notes on German as a World Language
		The language situation is similar in northern Italy, where German is spoken in the northwest and northeast.
		Languages such as Malay-Indonesian, with only a third of its speakers using it as mother tongue, are adopted by communities whose native languages do not extend over a broad area.
		In considering the status of world language, the geographic spread of the language is particularly influenced by the economic strength of cultures that use the language.
	cazoo.org /CazooBlog/?p=10 (1899 words)

	EUROPA - Education and Training - Regional and minority languages - Euromosaïc study
		The so-called East Germanic is a generic term for the dialects of the North Germanic tribes who left their Scandinavian home and settled in the area of today’s eastern Germany and Poland.
		On 21 June 1990 both the German parliament and the GDR People’s Parliament consented − in the context of the German Unification Treaty − to maintain the border of 1945 as the western Polish border.
		The current situation of the German language minority, as is the case for the other minorities, is marked by a weak position after World War II and a revival due to the democratisation of Poland.
	ec.europa.eu /education/policies/lang/languages/langmin/euromosaic/pol2_en.html (2714 words)

	UWE Bristol - HLSS - ILP: Why learn German? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		German is the language most spoken in the European Union with about 110 million native speakers.
		It is the national language of Germany, Austria and large parts of Switzerland and a minority language in many other European countries.
		According to the German Foreign Office, German as a foreign language is becoming increasingly important in the countries of Middle and Eastern Europe.
	www.uwe.ac.uk /hlss/llas/ilp/german.shtml (238 words)

	Goethe-Institut USA - The Arts - Literature
		Of course, German, as the official language of three Member States (Germany, Austria and Luxembourg), is one of the official EU languages (of which there are currently 20, as of 1 May 2004).
		German is also a recognised working language in key institutions such as the Commission and the Council of Ministers (also for informal meetings), but it is rarely used.
		German is a recognised minority language in Eastern Belgium and South Tyrol, where it is also an official regional language.
	www.goethe.de /ins/us/lp/kue/lit/en137712.htm (951 words)

	Top 20 German
		Additionally, German speaking communities are to be found in the former German colony of Namibia, as well as in the other countries of German emigration such as Canada, Iceland, Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, Peru, Venezuela (where AlemÃ¡n Coloneiro developed), Thailand, and Australia.
		German is the main language of about 100 million people in Europe (as of 2004), or 13.3% of all Europeans, being the most spoken language in Europe excluding Russia, above French (66.5 million speakers in Europe in 2004) and English (64.2 million speakers in Europe in 2004).
		The dialects of German which are or were primarily spoken in colonies founded by German speaking people resemble the dialects of the regions the founders came from (for example Pennsylvania German resembles dialects of the Palatinate, or Hutterite German resembles dialects of Carinthia).
	top20german.com (3842 words)

	Raising Bilingual Kids (1)
		A language disorder that impairs the ability to acquire an initial language is very rare and most commonly associated with severe mental impairment, such as retardation or autism.
		Another popular method is “minority language at home“—using the minority language exclusively within the family with the idea that the child will learn the majority language by living in the country.
		The majority language is almost always dominant and it takes some courage to insist on speaking a foreign language when no one else in the outside environment understands you, and especially if the child does not seem to need this language in his/her daily life.
	www.german-way.com /bilingfam1.html (1220 words)

	Minority language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A minority language is a language spoken by a minority of the population of a country.
		Likewise, some national languages are minority languages, insofar as they are the national language of a stateless nation.
		Immigrant minority languages are often also seen as a threat and as indicative of the non-integration of these communities.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Minority_language (332 words)

	Variation in German - Cambridge University Press
		The questions 'what is German and who speaks it?' and 'how does the language vary dependent on social, political and geographical factors?' are addressed and placed in their historical context.
		Language and society: urban speech, urbanization and 'new dialectology'; 5.
		Language in multilingual societies: the Federal Republic and Switzerland; 8.
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521357047 (119 words)

	unc-ch linguistics possible electives
		Study of language in its social context; language variation, multilingualism, social dialects, the role of culture, language, and sex.
		Topics: minority language controversies in the U.S. and Western Europe; ethnic nationalism in Yugoslavia and the former Soviet Union.
		The phonological history of Slavic languages from the late Indo-European to the split of the common Slavic linguistic unity.
	www.unc.edu /linguistics/electives.html (980 words)

	[No title]
		Students concentrating in German literature and culture are also required to take GERM 615 and 616 and a comprehensive MA examination, ordinarily at the beginning of the fourth semester.
		Students concentrating in German literature and culture elect courses in consultation with their adviser so as to gain exposure to different periods (medieval, early modern, eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries) and to a variety of critical approaches to the study of literature and culture.
		German literature of the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries.
	www.unc.edu /gradrecord/programs/german.html (2132 words)

	Conference Outline - English
		It is no surprise that the language debate is particularly heated in European nations since their languages find themselves "reduced" to small languages in the position of second foreign languages on an emerging worldwide language market.
		English is no longer identified with a language of colonialism but is seen by many as the language of the future, associated with social modernization, economic growth, technological innovation and a modern way of life.
		German as a language of communication and of conflict
	www.nyu.edu /deutscheshaus/futureofgerman/engoutline.html (692 words)

	WCAS Department of German: Courses: What's New
		The "inner" migration of about 12 million ethnic Germans from Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Romania and the Soviet Union immediately after the war was followed by a stream of economic immigration of guest-workers (Gastarbeiter) from Spain, Italy, Yugoslavia, Greece and Turkey.
		Writers and commentators from these "minority" groups are negotiating their way as they adapt to contemporary Germany, and in their writing, speak with distinctive voices that draw on a broad range of other cultural and historical traditions.
		This course integrates the study of language, cross-cultural awareness, and professional interaction and is designed to prepare you for professional activities in and with German-speaking countries.
	www.german.northwestern.edu /courses/courses.html (1180 words)

	Raising Kids to Be Bilingual (2)
		She understood German very well but replied in English, even if she knew the person she was speaking with could not understand English.
		Most Austrians are generally impressed with my ability to switch between languages and admire the fact that we are raising bilingual children.
		Cultural and language challenges are all part of the experiences of most multilingual families.
	www.german-way.com /bilingfam2.html (706 words)

	Kalamazoo College - Program
		A student intending to major or minor in German who begins German 101 at Kalamazoo College should begin his study of German no later than the winter quarter of his/her freshman year.
		Students considering a major in German are urged to begin their study of German in their freshman year.
		German majors are encouraged, but not required, to take courses in a second language, beginning no later than the sophomore year.
	www.kzoo.edu /german/program.html (508 words)

	Germany Info: Information Services: Archives: Background Papers
		German action in the foreign-policy field is primarily taken in multilateral contexts.
		German foreign policy is rooted in a comprehensive security concept, which combines elements of foreign, security and development policies.
		German development policy will use the instruments of bilateral, multilateral and EU development policy in a targeted manner with due regard to the relative advantages of each, coordinating them more closely.
	www.germany.info /relaunch/info/archives/background/coalition2005_FP.html (6704 words)

	2004 Country Report on Human Rights Practices in Denmark
		Differences in language and ethnicity could be at least as important for religious minorities in explaining unequal access to well-paying jobs and social advancement.
		Overall, minority group unemployment tended to be higher, and allegations of discrimination on the basis of religion sometimes were raised.
		Minority group members were also sometimes the perpetrators of the incidents.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2004/41678.htm (4412 words)

	German language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In Brazil the largest concentrations of German speakers are in Rio Grande do Sul (where Riograndenser Hunsrückisch was developed), Santa Catarina, Paraná, and Espírito Santo, and large German-speaking descendant communities in Argentina, Uruguay and Chile.
		Standard German differs regionally, especially between German-speaking countries, especially in vocabulary, but also in some instances of pronunciation and even grammar and orthography.
		Most German vocabulary is derived from the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family, although there are significant minorities of words derived from Latin, French, and most recently English (which, in English, is known as Germish or in German as Denglisch).
	www.syzygytech.info /en/German_language.htm (6022 words)

	Euromosaic - Frisian in Germany
		The East Frisian variety called "Seeltersk" in Frisian, "Saterfriesisch" in High German, "Soatersk" in Low German and "Saterlandic" in English, is spoken by about 2000 people or 17.7% of the population in the Saterland community of the Cloppenburg district in the Land of Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony) in the German Federal Republic.
		It is a West Germanic language whose earliest attestation goes back to 1415 and is now written in the Roman alphabet in an orthography set down by the Fryske Akademy (cf.
		SF and Low German are recognized and supported by the State of Niedersachsen as minority languages.
	www.uoc.edu /euromosaic/web/document/friso/an/i2/i2.html (1465 words)

	Pennsylvania German, so-called "Pennsylvania Dutch" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Pennsylvania German (so-called "Pennsylvania Dutch") is a true dialect of the German language.
		It is not a broken or corrupted form of German; nor is it a creole (a composite language), or a pigin (a language for convenience of trade).
		The Pennsylvania Germans are so named because most of them came from German-speaking regions, and most settled in Pennsylvania (although their area of settlement spilled over slightly into adjacent states).
	alpha.fdu.edu /~boyer/PaDeitsch.html (240 words)

	[No title]
		This book, which examines the interrelations of language and society in German-speaking countries, is the most detailed account of German sociolinguistics to appear in English.
		Topics covered include the history and development of the German language, German as a minority language, traditional dialects, the influence of English on German, and German in the East and West.
		It will appeal to undergraduates and postgraduates whose background is in German but who have little or no previous knowledge of linguistics, and it has also been designed to be accessible to students and researchers in linguistics who have little or no knowledge of German, since all examples are translated.
	www.gettextbooks.com /isbn_0521353971.html (583 words)

	Language/german us official lang
		Matter of fact, the US at present does not have an "official" language in the sense of a language declared by law to have special status; English is merely the de facto standard.
		Probably the best-known myth in the history of language planning is the story that German nearly became the national language of the US in the 18th century, losing to English by only one vote in the legislature (the "Muhlenberg" legend).
		In fact, all that was involved was a request, made by a group of Virginia Germans, to have certain laws issued in German _as well as_ in Englih.
	tafkac.org /language/german_us_official_lang.html (423 words)

	The NDSU Libraries: Germans From Russia
		The Russians and their Slavic cousins had almost always regarded their German neighbors with both fear and respect, ever since Catherine the Great and some of her successors invited a substantial German population to come to their Empire as privileged colonists.
		The history of German refugees and deportees from Silesia, East Prussia and from the Sudetenland is well-known through frequent political discussions in the media.
		Although Germans had settled in Russian areas earlier, the actual history does not begin until massive invitations by Catharine the Great and Alexander I, who encouraged to have vast land settled and to profit from progressive "colonist" farmers.
	www.lib.ndsu.nodak.edu /grhc/order/german_language/stricker.html (1870 words)

	The 2006 GDGSA Conference - Voices Throughout the Ages
		This conference seeks to explore the function of the voice in all aspects of the German language.
		Because it provides the means of producing sound, the voice is the primary instrument of language, allowing human interaction while simultaneously driving linguistic innovation in the perpetual process of transmission and reception.
		With the diverse places and situations in which it has been spoken, the linguistic examination of the German language presents a good opportunity to deepen our understanding of the voice and its role in human communication.
	german.lss.wisc.edu /gdgsa/conference/2006/Call.htm (492 words)

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