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Topic: German colonization of the Americas

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	colonization. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Colonization may be state policy, or it may be a private project sponsored by chartered corporations or by associations and individuals.
		Before colonization can be effected, the indigenous population must be subdued and assimilated or converted to the culture of the colonists; otherwise, a modus vivendi must be established by the imposition of a treaty or an alliance.
		Modern colonization, frequently preceded by an era in which missionaries and traders were active, was largely exploitative, but it did not in the long run prove directly lucrative to the colonial power, because it involved a heavy drain on the treasury of the home government.
	www.bartleby.com /65/co/coloniza.html (882 words)

	Encyclopedia: German colonization of the Americas
		Map of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, with Courlands colonies marked The Duchy of Courland was the smallest nation to colonize the Americas with a short-lived colony in Tobago during the 1654-1659, and again 1660-1689.
		Spanish conquest and colonization of the Americas began with the arrival in America of Christopher Columbus in 1492.
		The Swedish colonization of the Americas consisted of a 17th century settlement on the Delaware River in Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Maryland, and possessions in the Caribbean during the 18th and 19th century.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/German-colonization-of-the-Americas (973 words)

	Colonization - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Colonization, sometimes colonisation, is the act, by a militarily strong country, of invading and taking over the sovereignty of another area, which then becomes known as a colony.
		Another great colonization of ancient times was the Roman colonization of the empire that spread across three continents.
		Following the European "discovery" of the New World by Christopher Columbus in 1492, the major European powers embarked on a large-scale campaign of colonization, the consequences of which have shaped the current state of the world to a considerable extent (see European colonization of the Americas and Scramble for Africa).
	open-encyclopedia.com /Colonisation (271 words)

	German colonization of the Americas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The German colonization of the Americas consisted of a failed attempt to settle Venezuela in the 16th century.
		German miners were brought over, as well as 4,000 African slaves to work sugar plantations.
		By 1541 disputes had arisen with Spain, and the bankers were stripped of control of their colony in 1556.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/German_colonization_of_the_Americas (295 words)

	German
		German hip hop German hip hop is the Germany is the second-biggest hip hop nation, sales-wise.
		Hector German Oesterheld Héctor Germán Oesterheld was a German descent.
		The One With the East German Laundry Detergent The One With the East German Laundry Detergent is an episode of the Frien...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/german.html (3160 words)

	Spanish colonization of the Americas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Spanish colonization of the Americas began with the arrival in the Americas of Christopher Columbus in 1492.
		The Treaty of Tordesillas was an attempt to solve the disputes with the Portuguese colonizers.
		The silver of America (especially the mines of Zacatecas and Potosí) went to pay the enormous debt brought by the wars against the Reformation led by the Spanish kings.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/s/sp/spanish_colonization_of_the_americas.html (1209 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: America
		Central America forms an isthmus running from northwest to southeast and narrowing to a strip of thirty miles in width at Panama; this isthmus extends from 15° to 8° north latitude, where it connects with the western coast of South America.
		The so-called aborigines of North America are, with the exception of the so-called Eskimo, generally regarded as belonging to one and the same branch of the human family, physically as well as ethnically.
		The methods of colonization pursued by the Portuguese, were in the main similar to those of Spain, with the difference that the Portuguese inclined more to utilitarianism and to commercial pursuits.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/01409c.htm (8271 words)

	Spanish colonization of the Americas Online Research :: Information about Spanish colonization of the Americas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Spanish conquest and colonization of the Americas began with the arrival in Americas of Christopher Columbus in 1492.
		The silver of America (especially the mines of Zacatecas, Zacatecas and Potos) went to pay the enormous debt brought by the wars against the Reformation led by the Spanish kings.
		Soon the exclusive of commerce between Europe and America was conceded to Seville (later to Cdiz).
	in-northcarolina.com /search/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas.html (1608 words)

	Native American (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Proponents of this theory claim that the oldest human remains in South America and in Baja California show distinctive non-Siberian traits, resembling those of Australian Aborigines or the Negritos of the Andaman Islands.
		The journalist Thor Heyerdahl demonstrated the possibility of this by sailing from Africa to America on a replica of an Ancient Egyptian reed boat.
		The European colonization of the Americas forever changed the lives and cultures of the Native Americans.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/n/na/native_american.html (3204 words)

	Spanish Empire biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		After this, rumours of golden cities (Cibola in North America, El Dorado in South America) caused several more expeditions to be sent out, but many of those returned without having found their goal, or having found it, finding it much less valuable than was hoped.
		Spain lost her posessions on the mainland of America with the independence movements of the early 19th century, especially with the power vacuum during the Peninsula War; at the end of the century most of the remaining Spanish Empire (Cuba, Philippines, Puerto Rico and Guam) was lost in the Spanish American War in 1898.
		colonisation of Western Sahara, and Equatorial Guinea was attempted as a substitute for the loss of the Americas.
	spanish-empire.biography.ms (1359 words)

	AoE World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The English established colonies along the east coast of North America from Newfoundland as far south as Florida.
		Britain also colonized the west coast of North America with the colonies of Vancouver Island, founded in 1849 and New Caledonia, founded in 1846 (later combined and named British Columbia).
		The French were able to briefly regain some of their possessions in North America from the Spanish during the Napoleonic Era.
	aoeworld.freestarthost.com /cultures.html (2904 words)

	EUROPEAN COLONIZATION OF THE AMERICAS FACTS AND INFORMATION
		Altogether, there was a strong pull at the beginning of the colonial period to come to America for its possible imperial riches, the truth was that these riches were sparse.
		These oceanic crossings was followed, notably in the case of Spain, by a phase of conquest: The Spaniards (just having finished a war against the Muslims in the Iberian_peninsula) replaced the American local oligarchies and impose a new religion: Christianity.
		Other groups of colonists came to America searching for either an asylum to practice a religion without persecution or a refuge to begin a new and holier settlement where complete theological agreement could be found.
	www.witwib.com /European_colonization_of_the_Americas (1169 words)

	Colonialism - Biocrawler definition:Colonialism - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The term also refers to a set of beliefs used to legitimize or promote this system, especially the belief that the mores of the colonizer are superior to those of the colonized.
		Advocates of colonialism argue that colonial rule benefits the colonized by developing the economic and political infrastructure necessary for modernization and democracy.
		Dependency theorists such as Andre Gunder Frank, however, argue that colonialism actually leads to the net transfer of wealth from the colonized to the colonizer, and inhibits successful economic development.
	www.biocrawler.com /biowiki/Colonialism (347 words)

	French_colonization_of_the_Americas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The first French attempt at colonization was Fort Caroline in 1564, made by Huguenots.
		The French were able to briefly regain some of their former possessions in North America from the Spanish in 1800, during the Napoleonic Era, under the Treaty of San Ildefonse.
		The date of this was 3 may 1803 and the fee, 15 million dolars, a considerable sum for the young American state.
	usedaudiparts.com /search.php?title=French_colonization_of_the_Americas (987 words)

	Planet AgeofMythology - A Member of the GameSpy Network
		Age of Empires III will feature eight European nations that you'll be able to take control of on their way to the colonization of the Americas.
		The Ottoman Empire was a multi-ethnic state that existed from 1299 to 1923 (624 years), one of the largest empires to rule the borders of the Mediterranean Sea.
		After the discovery of northern Alaska by Ivan Fedorov in 1732, and the Aleutian Islands, southern Alaska, and north-western shores of North America in 1741 during the Russian exploration conducted by Vitus Bering and Aleksei Chirikov, it took fifty years until the founding of the first Russian colony in Alaska in 1784 by Grigory Shelikhov.
	www.planetageofmythology.com /aoe3/cultures (3158 words)

	Decolonizing the African Mind: Further Analysis and Strategy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Deculturalization is the fuel that drives the engine of mental colonization; both processes turn on a companion process called “mis-education,” and all three are examined in this paper along with their instruments, agents and goals.
		Because the African population born and bred in the United States is the classic example of a mentally colonized people, this paper references the 40 million people of African descent in the United States.
		As a consequence of Europe’s successful colonization of African lands and African knowledge, she was able to successfully colonize African minds, and thereby complete the conquest of African people.
	www.nbufront.org /html/FRONTalView/ArticlesPapers/Hotep_DecolonizingAfricanMind.html (5748 words)

	German Judaica
		On the proud heritage of the German race and their legal traditions; unlike the Germans, the Jews are a nomadic race, etc. A biography of the author advertised elsewhere in the book calls him the "Reichsbauernführer der Kämpfer um Blut und Boden.
		German abstracts of the 953 extant responsa originally issued in the Hebrew periodical "Peri Eitz Chaim (1691-1807), the organ of Amsterdam's esteemed Ets Hayim Talmudical Academy.
		Von Simson was elected a member of the North German Parliament and subsequently of the Reichstag in which he sat as a National Liberal and became known as a brilliant orator.
	www.geocities.com /daniel_wyman/german.htm (12742 words)

	CNN.com - Scientist: Man in Americas earlier than thought - Nov 17, 2004
		This new discovery suggests humans may have crossed the land bridge into the Americas much earlier -- possibly during an ice age -- and rapidly colonized the two continents.
		A scattering of sites from South America to Oklahoma have found evidence of a human presence before 13,000 years ago -- or the first Clovis sites -- since the discovery of human artifacts in a cave near Clovis, New Mexico, in 1936.
		Until research is peer-reviewed, experts in the field may not have an opportunity to evaluate the scientist's methods, or weigh in on the validity of his conclusions.
	www.cnn.com /2004/TECH/science/11/17/carolina.dig (965 words)

	Native American (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In the 15th to 19th centuries, their populations were ravaged, by the privations of displacement, by disease, and in many cases by warfare with European groups and enslavement by them.
		In contrast to what was the general rule in the rest of North America, the history of the colony of New Spain was one of racial intermingling (mestizaje).
		In the American Southwest, especially New Mexico, a syncretism between the Catholicism brought by Spanish missionaries and the native religion is common; the religious drums, chants, and dances of the Pueblo people are regularly part of Masses at Santa Fe's Saint Francis Cathedral.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/N/Native-American.htm (4907 words)

	Cultural Readings - Related Essays - Slive
		Compiled chiefly from the manuscripts of the Jesuit Pierre Pelleprat, a missionary in Guiana, this dictionary is variously attributed to Simon Philibert de la Salle de L'Etang and M. de la Sauvage.
		Zeisberger was born in Moravia in 1721 and served as a missionary in North America from 1740 until his death in 1808.
		The narrative of Jesus Christ's Passion was adapted and translated from German into the Greenland dialect of the Eskimo language by Beck, a Moravian missionary in Greenland.
	www.library.upenn.edu /exhibits/rbm/kislak/index/slive.html (4171 words)

	Colonialism Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Dependency theorists such as Andre Gunder Frank, on the other hand, argue that colonialism actually leads to the net transfer of wealth from the colonized to the colonizer, and inhibits successful economic development.
		Critics of colonialism such as Frantz Fanon and Aime Cesaire argue that colonialism does political, psychological, and moral damage to the colonized as well.
		Critics of the alleged abuses of economic and political advantages accruing to developed nations via globalised capitalism have referred to them as neocolonialism, and see them as a continuation of the domination and exploitation of ex-colonial countries, merely utilizing different means.
	www.variedtastes.com /encyclopedia/Colonialism (492 words)

	Light Replacing Darkness: A Story of Spanish Colonization in the Americas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		That said, the record of Spanish in the Americas, and the progress to the present of the countries and peoples of the Spanish-speaking Americas, compared with that of English-speaking North America, is hardly an admirable one.
		In Hispanic America there was a great degree of equality among men which unfortunately was not the case in the English, Dutch and French colonies, although their colonial period occurred during a century when the ethical and moral standards were supposedly much higher.
		It is certainly true that during the first 20 years of the colonization, in some islands of the Caribbean, the brutality of some of the conquistadors and the diseases they brought for which the Indians were not immune, brought about an almost total annihilation of the indigenous population.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/776920/posts (13095 words)

	Linfield: Spanish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Spanish is the most common first language in the Americas.
		Spanish in Spain and Spanish in Latin America vary slightly as the languages have evolved since the colonization of the Americas.
		The most obvious influence is the use of indigenous words in Latin America and differing pronunciation.
	www.linfield.edu /modernlang/spanish/index.php (91 words)

	Build up to Spanish, Portuguese, African Contact Timeline - Inquiry Unlimited practitioner formerly sited at Boston ...
		Garrido later participates in the colonization of Florida and serves with Spanish explorer Hernan Cortex in the conquest of Mexico.
		Creoles (people of European ethnicity born in America) are gaining economic and local political influence.
		Three German colonists, the earliest known in the Americas are part of the Jamestown colony.
	inquiryunlimited.org /timelines/histSpPortAf.html (3936 words)

	European
		The two most famous dragons from the mythology of the Germanic peoples are the dragon of Beowulf, and Fafnir, who was killed by Siegfried.
		During the colonial era, it became implanted in the Americas and in Australasia.
		America is a fortunate country; she grows by the follies of our European nations.
	www.websters-dictionary-online.org /definition/english/Eu/European.html (5028 words)

	Review of Cultural Readings: Colonization & Print in the Americas
		Continuing the emphasis on the role of print culture in the discovery, exploration, and settlement of America, the site samples scanned images from some of the most crucial publications by Europeans, describing their experience and promoting further colonization of the New World.
		The commentary repeatedly acknowledges the dilemma of viewing encounters between the colonizers and the colonized through the printed works of the former.
		His dissertation investigates the role of manuscript and print cultures in the negotiation of German and Anglo-American identities in colonial Pennsylvania.
	www.publichistory.org /reviews/view_review.asp?DBID=39 (1265 words)

	ipedia.com: German colonization of the Americas Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		European colonization of the Americas History of the Americas Viking colonization British colonization Danish colonization Dutch colonization French colonization German colonization Portuguese coloniz...
		German colonization of the Americas Article - ipedia.com
		German miners were brought over and 4000 African slaves to work sugar plantations.
	www.ipedia.com /german_colonization_of_the_americas.html (329 words)

	European colonization of the Americas Article, EuropeancolonizationtheAmericas Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This was followed, notably in the case of Spain, by a phase of conquest : TheSpaniards (just having finished a war against the Muslims in the Iberian peninsula) replaced theAmerindian local oligarchies and impose a new religion: Christianity.Diseases and cruel systems of work (the famous haciendas and mining industry)decimated the Amerindian population.
		This was also practiced by the Russians in the northwestcoast of North America.
		Slavery under European rule began with importation of white European slaves (or indentured servants), was followed by theenslavement of local aborigines in the Caribbean, and eventually was primarily replaced with Africans imported through a largeslave trade as the native populations declined through disease.
	www.anoca.org /french/sponsored/european_colonization_of_the_americas.html (395 words)

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