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Topic: German comital titles

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Graf

Count

Austrian nobility

Hungarian nobility

Royal and noble ranks

Kniaz

Prince

Iskandar

Peerage

Rulers of Saxony

Royal and noble styles

Frederick VIII of Schleswig and Holstein

Earl

Saxony

Styles and titles of peers

	Italian Titles of Nobility - Regalis
		Use of the honorific appellations don (lord) and donna (lady) for the son and daughter of a prince is obsolete except in formal documents issued by institutions that recognize Italian titular nobility.
		The title is probably of Germanic origin; the Latin root baro referred to a simpleton, but by the Middle Ages baronis was a title of nobility or, more often, a nobiliary rank employed in reference to holders of feudal property.
		Formerly a minor peerage, the title is rarely used today because most signori bear greater titles by which they are commonly known, and because, in common parlance, signore has come to mean "Mister." It may, albeit in an abstract sense, be compared to such ancient titles as mor, esquire or manorial lord.
	www.regalis.com /reg/titles.htm (2870 words)

	Ranks of nobility and peerage
		Marquess / Margrave, and the German Landgraf & Pfalzgraf, theoretically the ruler¹ of a margravate
		In Germany, the actual rank of the holder of a title is, however, dependent on not only the title as such, but on for instance the degree of sovereignty and on the rank of the lord of the title-holder.
		In Holy Roman Empire the title was combined with the word for the jurisdiction or domain the nobleman was responsible for.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/fe/Feudal_rank.html (562 words)

	[No title]
		Some English, Welsh and Irish feudal titles were turned into honorific titles via Letters Patient, the legal recognition of an authorized herald, when their word in such matters in ancient times took on the authority of law, or by a summons to Parliament from the Crown.
		If the actual conveyors of any title via adoption or purchase wish to remain anonymous to the world at large, the Commission will honor that desire, but they must reveal their identity and all the required legal information sufficient for the Commission to be able to verify and confirm it as an authentic transaction.
		A genuinely titled person, to be certified as a noble or royal person, or even a descendant of such, is a whole new consideration and depends on being able to prove in public records that one’s claim is true and accurately reflects reality.
	www.nobility-royalty.com /id44_m.htm (2564 words)

	Nobility
		Those lacking a distinct title, such as junior siblings of peers (and perhaps even the children of 'self-made' VIPs) may be considered aristocrats, moving within a small social circle at the apex of a hierarchical social pyramid.
		These feudal titles and ranks were abolished in Japan with the Meiji Restoration of 1868 and replaced by the kazoku, a five-rank peerage system after the British example which granted seats in the upper house of the Imperial Diet, but this too was abolished in 1947 following Japan's defeat in World War II.
		By the Qing dynasty, titles of nobility were still granted by the emperor, but served merely as honorifics: under a centralized system, governance in the empire was the responsibility of the Confucian-educated scholar-officials and local gentry.
	www.wikipedia-mirror.co.za /wiki/Nobility (1698 words)

	The Imperial Council of Princes and Counts of Germany , The Germanic Titles and Appellations .
		The title of Archduke was invented in the Privilegium Maius, a forgery initiated by Duke Rudolf IV of Austria.
		The title of Durchlaucht was granted in 1375 by the emperor Charles IV to the electoral princes (Kurfursten).
		In 1825 the German Diet agreed to grant the title Durc/ilaucht to the heads of the mediatized princely houses whether domiciled in Germany or Austria, and it is now customary to use it of the members of those houses.
	imperialcollegeofprincesandcounts.com /_wsn/page12.html (5015 words)

	A very concise guide to AItalian titles of nobility
		In general, heretofore unrecognised noble families, whether titled or not, were required by law to petition--however informally--for recognition of their ranks or titles by the Crown if such was desired.
		It is noteworthy that conte i s one of the few Italian titles sometimes, though rarely, inherited by all heirs male, depending on the terms set forth in the patent of creation.
		The title is probably of Germanic origin; the Latin root baro referred to a simpleton, but by the Middle Ages ba ronis was a title of nobility or, more often, a nobiliary rank employed in reference to holders of feudal property.
	www.maineworldnewsservice.com /caltrap/avery.htm (2857 words)

	Count - Free net encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In many Germanic and Frankish kingdoms in the early Middle Ages, the count might also be a count palatine, whose authority derived directly from the royal household, the "palace" in its original sense of the seat of power and administration.
		In the UK, the equivalent Earl is often a courtesy title for the eldest son of a duke.
		Count is one of the nobiliary titles granted by the Pope of Rome as temporal sovereign (of the Papal State), and is thus often known as Roman count.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Count (1461 words)

	A Glossary of European Noble, Princely, Royal and Imperial Titles
		There are some titles in the United Kingdom (e.g., the Irish peerage, when the peer lacks another English, Scots or UK title) which do not permit one to sit in the House of Lords; thus, in Scotland, the distinction of a "Lord of Parliament".
		It was one of the titles of the Roman Emperor.
		The Austrian Habsburgs, accustomed to being imperial, assumed the title of Emperor of Austria in 1804.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/odegard/titlefaq.htm (7119 words)

	Graf - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The comital titles awarded in Holy Roman Empire often related to the jurisdiction or domain of responsibility and represented special concessions of authority or rank.
		or Palsgrave (the latter is archæic in German)
		Originally it was a title of veneration rather than the holding of power.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Graf (826 words)

	Morganatic and Unequal Marriages in German Law
		Finally, German law had a peculiar institution (derived from Lombard law) called "morganatic marriage." This was a marriage in which, by virtue of the contract itself, the claims of the spouse and offspring were limited in certain ways.
		The rules of German law originally prohibited marriages between free and unfree; later, under the influence of Church law which allowed such marriages, they became accepted as marriages, but with the consequence that the children had the status of their unfree parent.
		Members of the German upper nobility were not merely large landlords, they exercised over their territories many functions that we associate with government rather than ownership, in particular judicial and legal powers (powers to pass and enforce laws, to administer justice and ensure law and order).
	www.heraldica.org /topics/royalty/g_morganat.htm (15433 words)

	Graf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Graf is a German noble title equal in rank to a count or an earl.
		Later, the title became hereditary and is now considered the equivalent of a marquess, or marquis in England and France.
		The title - since 1667 - was used exclusively by the children of Elector Palatine Karl I's bigamous second marriage and Karl's wife, Marie Louise von Degenfeld.
	www.33beat.com /Graf.html (1038 words)

	Wikidpedia - The free online encyclopedia - Nobility (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Today, in most countries, "noble status" is a purely honorary dignity that confers no legal privileges; an important exception is the United Kingdom, where certain titles (titles of the peerage, until recently guaranteeing a seat in the Upper House of Westminster Parliament, hence its name House of Lords), still confer some residual privileges.
		These feudal titles and ranks were abolished in Japan with the Meiji Restoration of 1868 and replaced by the kazoku, a five-rank peerage system after the British example which granted seats in the upper house of the Imperial Diet, but this too was abolished in 1947 following Japan's defeat in World War II.
		By the Qing dynasty, titles of nobility were still granted by the emperor, but served merely as honorifics: under a centralized system, governance in the empire was the responsibility of the Confucian-educated scholar-officials and local gentry.
	www.pagerank10.co.uk /wiki/?title=Nobility (1712 words)

	Royal and noble ranks - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Landgrave, a German title, ruler of a landgraviate.
		In Germany, the constitution of the Weimar Republic in 1919 abolished nobility and all nobility titles.
		The titles in italics are simply Polish translations of western titles which were granted to some Polish nobles by foreign monarchs, especially after the partitions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Royal_and_noble_ranks (1245 words)

	Nobility (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Those lacking a distinct title, such as junior siblings of peers (and perhaps even the children of 'self-made' VIPs) may be considered aristocrats, moving within a small social circle at the apex of a hierarchical social pyramid.
		In the modern era, in countries where the nobility was the dominant class, the Bourgeoisie gradually grew in power; a rich city merchant was more influential than a minor rural nobleman.
		For example, the title Earl of Chesterfield tells about property, while the title Earl Cairns was created for a surname.
	www.ufaqs.com /wiki/en/no/Nobility.htm (669 words)

	l_clausewitz: European nobility titles and whatnot
		To complicate the situation, many ambitious counts often assumed the marquisal title on their own, resulting in a host of self-proclaimed marquises and a general notoriety attached to the title--the fairy tale "Puss in Boots" is far from being a wholly fanciful rendition.
		When countships became hereditary titles associated with landownership, some of the more influential viscounts also began to assume such privileges while others continued to be administrative officials with diminishing powers in spite of their ability to pass on the title to their heirs.
		A tendency that became increasingly apparent as nobility titles became less and less important while the development of national administrative bodies superseded their functions was that the titles once again became dissociated from the concept of landownership.
	l-clausewitz.livejournal.com /212195.html (1554 words)

	Graf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Later the title became hereditary and is considered the equivalent of a marquess or marquis in France.
		A Burggraf or Burgrave was a military and civil judicial governor in the 12th and 13th centuries of a castle the town it and its immediate surrounding countryside.
		The title - since 1667 was used exclusively by the children of Palatine Karl I's bigamous second marriage and wife Marie Louise von Degenfeld.
	www.freeglossary.com /Graf (1036 words)

	Wikinfo \| Graf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A Markgraf, or Margrave, was originally the military governor of a German "Mark" (or march), a medieval border province.
		Later, the title became hereditary and is now considered the equivalent of a marquess, or marquis in France.
		A Burggraf, or Burgrave, was a military and civil judicial governor in the 12th and 13th centuries of a castle, the town it dominated and its immediate surrounding countryside.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=graf (751 words)

	Constitution of the Holy Roman Empire
		For sure, the title of Prince was above the one of Count, but its relation to other titles, especially to the title of Duke varied in different countries and sometimes changed as time went on.
		To give a person a new dominical title a king elevated one of the person's possessions to a duchy, a county, etc. Before the 15th century a number of the elevations was limited, and the elevated territories were of substantial value.
		Przemysl II (died in 1296) was crowned as King and thus restored the title in Poland.
	www.geocities.com /vrozn/Constit.html (7918 words)

	Nobility Homes
		In the modern era, in countries where the nobility was the dominant class, the bourgeoisie gradually grew in power; a rich city merchant was more influential than a minor countryside nobleman.
		I propose, moving the article at Ranks of nobility and peerage to here and merging with Titles of nobility and noble.
		Following this the German comital titles were spun off to Graf.
	www.artistbooking.com /trips/146/nobility-homes.html (1004 words)

	Questions About Titles - Page 4 - The Royal Forums
		Ex-King Constantine will still call himself king....Pavlos will still use the title crown prince...and their descendents, unless the Greek government forces them physically otherwise, will still be princes and princesses.
		People have protested in the past...but in today's world, the minorty of people smarting from the ex-royals and ex-aristocracy using their titles has to be so very small...very, very small...
		There is no automatic in that the second oldest son is awarded the title, as far as I'm aware.
	www.theroyalforums.com /forums/f12/questions-about-titles-5787-4.html (2180 words)

	The German Reigning Houses in 1789-1815
		(The years of acquisition of the non-Imperial titles given when they were higher than the highest Imperial titles of the families').
		were mentioned in the families' titles of dominion.
		1569 the Electoral branch acquired the title of the Dukes of Prussia as eventual heirs.
	www.geocities.com /vrozn/Houses.html (2765 words)

	Graf information - Search.com
		German tennis player who won seven women's singles titles at Wimbledon (born in 1969)
		Graf is a German noble title equal in rank to a count (derived from the Latin Comes, with a history of its own) or a British earl (an Anglo-Saxon title derived from the Viking title Jarl).
		List of states in the Holy Roman Empire
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Graf (910 words)

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