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Topic: German federal election, 1957

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	politics of germany - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		The Federal Republic of Germany (in German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland) is a federal representative democracy.
		Due to the German election rules, the ruling CDU in Saxony was forced (due to their losses at the ballots) to form a coalition with the 9,8 % party SPD as a junior partner, which has even topped its worst result (elections in 1999: 10,2 %).
		The latest state elections in the eastern region of Germany showed that not only the governing Social Democrats were losing the support of the voters, but even the conservatives: in the fall of 2004 the voters in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) chose their local parliaments and mayors.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/politics-of-germany (2130 words)

	A short history of Germany
		After the decline of the Roman Empire the germanic tribe of the Franks becomes dominant in the region.
		After Germany's unconditional surrender in 1945, the German Empire is dissolved and the United States, the United Kingdom, the USSR and, later, France occupy the country and assume responsibility for its administration.
		In the USSR occupation zone the German Democratic Republic is established.
	www.electionworld.org /history/germany.htm (1416 words)

	Germany Demographics and Geography - Columbia Gazetteer of the World Online
		The territory of the former East Germany is largely made up of the low-lying N German plains and is drained on the W by the Elbe Rover, and by the Oder, which, with its tributary the Neisse, forms most of the E boundary.
		The chief theater of the war, Germany was reduced to misery and starvation, lost a large part of its population and became, as a result of the Peace of Westphalia (1648) a loose confederation of petty principalities under the nominal suzerainty of the emperor.
		Although German reunification was seen as a principal goal in West Germany’s relations with East Germany, it seemed a remote possibility until the dramatic political upheavals that took place in East Germany in late 1989 and 1990.
	www.columbiagazetteer.org /public/Germany.html (3041 words)

	Germany - GOVERNMENT
		Elections at the federal, Land, and local levels are not held simultaneously, as in the United States, but rather are staggered.
		The success of the Greens at the federal level--which continued in the 1987 national election with the party winning 8.3 percent of the vote--led to a "greening" of the established parties, with environmental awareness increasing across the political spectrum.
		On August 4, 1992, the Federal Constitutional Court issued an injunction against the parliament's decision, and abortion continued to be available on demand in the east and largely prohibited in the west, pending a final court judgment.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/germany/GOVERNMENT.html (16568 words)

	Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		German federalism concentrates legislative power at the federal level and places administrative and judicial powers at the state level.
		The key German federal institution is the Bundesrat (Federal Council), which is the representative of the state governments and has the final say in disputes between states and between the states and the federal government.
		The federal president, the head of state, is elected for a five-year term by the Bundesversammlung (Federal Convention), which consists of the members of the Bundestag and an equal number of members from the state legislatures.
	members.tripod.com /sdapts/WAF/Countries/germany.htm (5067 words)

	[No title]
		As the West Germanic peoples moved out of Scandinavia, they put pressure on the borders of the Empire but it was the arrival of the Huns from Asia after about 370 AD that drove them out of their settlements and into Italy, Spain and Greece.
		The CDU-CSU-FDP coalition was re-elected in the federal election of 1987.
		The East German elections of March 1990 were won by the centre-right Alliance for Germany, a three-party coalition led by the CDU and talks with West Germany produced an economic and monetary unification in July.
	www.gaminggeeks.org /Resources/KateMonk/Europe-Western/Germany/History.htm (2527 words)

	Introduction to the German Federal Election System
		All Germans are entitled to vote in elections for the German Bundestag who are at least 18 years old on election day, have lived in the electoral area for at least three months, and have not been disqualified by judicial decision.
		The Federal Electoral Law (Article 49), the Election Scrutiny Act of 12 March 1951 and the Law on the Federal Constitutional Court of 3 February 1971 contain detailed provisions governing the prerequisites and procedures for contesting an election.
		General and direct elections by secret ballot were envisaged for the first time in German history in the electoral law of the North German Confederation enacted on 17 April 1867, the electoral law for the Reichstag of 31 May 1869, and the law on elections for the German Reich of 16 April 1871.
	www.iuscomp.org /gla/literature/introbwg.htm (2797 words)

	Germany Timeline
		The German Empire with Bismarck as Reich Chancellor Coronation of Emperor William I in Versailles was founded.
		The Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic Proclamation of the Basic Law (Consititution) of the Federal Republic of Germany was founded.
		The GDR accedes to the Federal Republic of Germany.
	www.angelfire.com /in4/germanyca/tmline.htm (1717 words)

	Election Resources on the Internet: Elections to the German Bundestag
		As a result, for the 1953 election the five percent threshold was set at the federal level, and the number of parties represented in the legislature dropped to seven.
		The Parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) consists of a lower house, the Bundestag, whose members are directly elected by universal adult suffrage, and an upper house, the Bundesrat, composed of representatives appointed by the Länder.
		Prior to the German reunification of 1990 (in which the Länder of the German Democratic Republic were incorporated into the FRG), there were 496 seats in the chamber: for the post-reunification legislative elections held in 1990, 160 seats were added to represent the new Länder and Berlin, for a total of 656 seats.
	electionresources.org /de (2640 words)

	The Chancellor of Germany - German Government and Politics
		The federal government consists of the chancellor and his or her cabinet ministers.
		For that reason, some observers refer to the German political system as a "chancellor democracy." The chancellor's authority emanates from the provisions of the Basic Law and from his or her status as leader of the party or coalition of parties holding a majority of seats in the Bundestag.
		Every four years, after national elections and the seating of the newly elected Bundestag members, the federal president nominates a chancellor candidate to that parliamentary body; the chancellor is elected by majority vote in the Bundestag.
	www.germanculture.com.ua /library/facts/bl_chancellor.htm (949 words)

	Germany
		The ZDF (Second German Television) was founded by the federal states in 1963 as the long-promised se-cond national network.
		According to a decision by the federal governments programming had to be planned in coope-ration with the ARD with the aim of presenting contrasting elements on the two channels.
		Politics was approached from another direction when the election campaign in 1976 was used to develop new formats for the presentation of political items and television discussions bet-ween the main candidates were established.
	www.museum.tv /archives/etv/G/htmlG/germany/germany.htm (2454 words)

	Germany's Expellees and Border Changes - An Endless Dilemma? Look into one of the least-known chapters of World War II ...
		Last fall one German motorist was even shot and killed in a scuffle with Czech cops in the town of Pribram because he had left his car in a no-parking zone.
		Actual expulsion and deportation of Germans from central Poland and the new territories started in April 1945, and from Czechoslovakia in May. All told, some 7.5 million from today's Poland and the Russian part of East Prussia were affected by flight and expulsion, of whom an estimated 1.4 million died or were killed en route.
		The ethnic Germans of the former Soviet Union are descendants of colonists invited there in the 18th century by Czarina Catherine the Great, herself a German princess who didn't speak a word of Russian when she arrived to marry Peter III, whom she arranged to have murdered so that she could sit on the throne.
	www.germanlife.com /Archives/1995/9506_01.html (3789 words)

	Germany Today - Germany after 1945 - travel and tourist information, flight reservations, travel bargains, hotels, ...
		The Federal Constitutional Court, the guardian of the constitution, is the authority which decides whether a party is legal or not.
		In a 'letter on German unity' presented to the Soviet Government in Moscow, the Federal Republic stated that the treaty did not contradict its aim of working towards a state of peace in Europe 'in which the German people will regain their unity in free self-determination'.
		The East German constitution was amended and the term 'socialist state of the German nation' was replaced by 'socialist state of workers and peasants'.
	www.europe-today.com /germany/geraf452.html (3462 words)

	Post-War German History (Chronology)
		FRG/BRD is invited to join NATO permitting West German rearmament (Protocol to the North Atlantic Treaty on the Accession of the Federal Republic of Germany), and Italy and the FRG/BRD accede to the Western European Union (WEU).
		The first all-German election of the head of state is held and Roman Herzog, president of the Federal Constitutional Court at the time, is elected federal president by the Federal Convention in Berlin.
		The Association for the German Language in Wiesbaden said that their choice was based on the fact that this date had been at the center of world-wide discussions.
	faculty.washington.edu /krumme/german/chronology.html (4085 words)

	GERMANY
		Initially, Germans living abroad in a Member State of the Council of Europe were entitled to vote only during the first 10 years from the time that they left the Federal Republic.
		The Federal Electoral Law was amended in 1985 to extend suffrage indefinitely to German nationals living abroad in a member state of the Council of Europe.
		By 1972, the election age was lowered to 21 and in 1976, the minimum age was established at 18.
	bolt.lakeheadu.ca /~polisci/elections.htm (3619 words)

	History of West Germany (1949 - 1990) - Federal Republic of Germany, FRG, BRD
		West Germany was the informal name for the Federal Republic of Germany from 1949 to 1990, during which years the Federal Republic did not yet include the territories of the German Democratic Republic, called "Middle Germany" in the West but known as "East Germany" outside Germany.
		The West German military would be subject to complete EDC control, but the other EDC member states (Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands) would cooperate in the EDC while maintaining independent control of their own armed forces.
		November 1989, the unification was quickly arranged: formally, the Federal Republic of Germany grew by annexing the territory of the former German Democratic Republic.
	www.germannotes.com /hist_west_overview.shtml (1358 words)

	PARTIES - German Archive - Your Reference for politics, economy, culture and history of Germany
		On the federal level, the CSU is often perceived as the more socially conservative of the two parties, although recently it has also been seen as more leftist on economic issues than the CDU.
		Bündnis 90/Die Grünen (literally: Alliance 90/The Greens), the German Green Party, is a political party in Germany whose regional predecessors were founded in the late 1970s as part of the new social movements.
		The Left Party (In German: Die Linkspartei., officially with a period at the end), formerly Party of Democratic Socialism (Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus, PDS) is a left-wing socialist political party in Germany.
	www.germannotes.com /archive/index.php?cPath=42_21&osCsid=678803132d550ec0d03beea673393eed (590 words)

	Germany - Economy - The Role of Government
		The German federal government plays a crucial role in the German economy, sometimes directly and sometimes indirectly through the effects of other policies on the economy.
		He is responsible for the federal budget, which has become ever more important as the government's share of national income has grown and as governments increasingly use the budget to set priorities and guide national economic activity.
		The Bundeskartellamt (Federal Cartel Office) is the institution specifically instructed and empowered to prevent a return to the monopolies and cartels that periodically controlled much of the German economy between the 1870s and 1940s.
	countrystudies.us /germany/140.htm (1260 words)

	SCHMIDT, Helmut Heinrich Waldemar @ Archontology.org: presidents, kings, prime ministers, biography, database
		After the elections in 1957 he was included in the SPD parliamentary caucus, and in 1958 Schmidt became a member of the SPD federal board.
		He became the chairman of the SPD parliamentary caucus in 1967, and was elected to the post of deputy chairman of the SPD (1968-1983).
		Helmut Kohl (CDU/CSU) was elected the new federal chancellor.
	www.archontology.org /nations/german/germ_govt2/schmidt.php (654 words)

	German American Corner: EISENHOWER, Dwight David (1890-1969)
		Never-the-less, in his farewell address, he returned to his concern about the dangers of big government with a strong warning against the "military-industrial complex." During his administration, critics pointed out his failure to oppose Senator Joseph McCarthy's smear tactics against alleged subversives in government and his lack of support for the emerging civil rights movement.
		Soviet threats, as well as such technological and psychological coups as the launching of Sputnik, the first artificial satellite, in Octo ber 1957, drew a typically cautious response from him.
		In the spring of 1960, his acceptance of responsibility for a U-2 plane's spy flight over the USSR brought a temporary end to hopes for harmonious relations with the Soviet Union.
	www.germanheritage.com /biographies/atol/eisenhower.html (1190 words)

	Germany
		Upon his election (and coronation) the person acquired the style of king, whether during the lifetime of the ruler or after an interregnum.
		According to the Charter of the German Confederation, "Austria has the chair in the Federal Assembly." Although the Charter does not use the term, this chairmanship is officially styled Präsidium or Bundespräsidium; it is ambiguous whether this style refers to the person or office of the Emperor of Austria.
		According to the Constitution of the North German Confederation, "The Crown of Prussia is entitled to the Presidency of the Confederation" (Präsidium des Bundes).
	www.worldstatesmen.org /Germany.html (4005 words)

	Rigged_Poll_Data_For_a_Rigged_Election.htm 8-29-04
		And he recently circumvented Congress through the federal regulatory process, changed the rules of 'The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938', and took the overtime pay away from 8 million financially struggling American workers.
		It was not until every major city in Germany had been bombed and most of the males between 12 and 65 years of age had died fighting in Hitler’s endless war, that the German people began to question the leadership of their Furer.
		The 2004 election will be determined by a computer generated vote count and the approval of the majority according to the polls.
	liberty.hypermart.net /Newsletter/4/7_Rigged_Poll_Data_For_a_Rigged_Election.htm (1466 words)

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