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Topic: German federal election, 1969

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German federal election, 1980

German federal election, 2002

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German federal election, 1965

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German federal election, 1961

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	Introduction to the German Federal Election System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		All Germans are entitled to vote in elections for the German Bundestag who are at least 18 years old on election day, have lived in the electoral area for at least three months, and have not been disqualified by judicial decision.
		The Federal Electoral Law (Article 49), the Election Scrutiny Act of 12 March 1951 and the Law on the Federal Constitutional Court of 3 February 1971 contain detailed provisions governing the prerequisites and procedures for contesting an election.
		General and direct elections by secret ballot were envisaged for the first time in German history in the electoral law of the North German Confederation enacted on 17 April 1867, the electoral law for the Reichstag of 31 May 1869, and the law on elections for the German Reich of 16 April 1871.
	www.iuscomp.org /gla/literature/introbwg.htm (2797 words)

	Germany's Expellees and Border Changes - An Endless Dilemma? Look into one of the least-known chapters of World War II ...
		Last fall one German motorist was even shot and killed in a scuffle with Czech cops in the town of Pribram because he had left his car in a no-parking zone.
		Actual expulsion and deportation of Germans from central Poland and the new territories started in April 1945, and from Czechoslovakia in May. All told, some 7.5 million from today's Poland and the Russian part of East Prussia were affected by flight and expulsion, of whom an estimated 1.4 million died or were killed en route.
		The ethnic Germans of the former Soviet Union are descendants of colonists invited there in the 18th century by Czarina Catherine the Great, herself a German princess who didn't speak a word of Russian when she arrived to marry Peter III, whom she arranged to have murdered so that she could sit on the throne.
	www.germanlife.com /Archives/1995/9506_01.html (3789 words)

	Free Democratic Party of Germany
		Prior to the 1994 election, the FDP had experienced its worst results in national elections in 1969 (5.8 percent) and 1983 (7 percent).
		Many Germans view the FDP as the party of the middle, moderating the policies of both major parties.
		In light of the FDP's strong showing in the 1990 election, it is perhaps surprising to note that, by the time of the 1994 national election, the FDP was, in many ways, a party in crisis.
	www.germanculture.com.ua /library/facts/bl_fdp.htm (1087 words)

	Germany
		The ZDF (Second German Television) was founded by the federal states in 1963 as the long-promised se-cond national network.
		According to a decision by the federal governments programming had to be planned in coope-ration with the ARD with the aim of presenting contrasting elements on the two channels.
		Politics was approached from another direction when the election campaign in 1976 was used to develop new formats for the presentation of political items and television discussions bet-ween the main candidates were established.
	www.museum.tv /archives/etv/G/htmlG/germany/germany.htm (2454 words)

	FDP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		At the federal level, the FDP has often taken the role of 'kingmaker' in the formation of the ruling coalitions and was the junior partner in government of the CDU/CSU in 1949-57,
		In the 2002 Bundestag elections the party set for itself the ambitious goal of gaining a share of the vote so that it could be counted as one of the main parties at national level alongside the SPD and the CDU.
		Other demands are the the reform of the federal system, the consolidation of the public budget, the introduction of university tuition fees, fair competition between state-run and private universities, more competition in health insurance through the free choice of insurance company, and a more effective environmental and energy policy.
	www.german-embassy.org.uk /fdp.html (624 words)

	The Chancellor of Germany - German Government and Politics
		The federal government consists of the chancellor and his or her cabinet ministers.
		For that reason, some observers refer to the German political system as a "chancellor democracy." The chancellor's authority emanates from the provisions of the Basic Law and from his or her status as leader of the party or coalition of parties holding a majority of seats in the Bundestag.
		Every four years, after national elections and the seating of the newly elected Bundestag members, the federal president nominates a chancellor candidate to that parliamentary body; the chancellor is elected by majority vote in the Bundestag.
	www.germanculture.com.ua /library/facts/bl_chancellor.htm (949 words)

	German Constitution: 1949
		The scrutiny of elections is the responsibility of the Bundestag.
		The Federation may grant the Laender financial assistance for particularly important investments by the Laender or communes or associations of communes, provided that such investments are necessary to avert a disturbance of the overall economic equilibrium or to equalize differences of economic capacities within the federal territory or to promote economic growth.
		Federal statutes enacted pursuant to paragraph (1) or subparagraph 1 of paragraph (2) of this Article may, for the purpose of preparing for their enforcement, be applied even prior to the occurrence of a state of Defense.
	www.psr.keele.ac.uk /docs/german.htm (17339 words)

	German federal election, 2005 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		German federal elections took place on September 18, 2005 to elect the members of the 16th German Bundestag, the federal parliament of Germany.
		The Federal Constitutional Court ruled in a similar situation in 1983 that Chancellors may not ask the President for the Bundestag's dissolution merely for the sake of their desire for an early election; they have to have a real problem getting a majority for his legislation.
		Early election polls during summer 2005 from 6 organizations showed a solid lead for the CDU/CSU with a share of the vote ranging between 41% and 43%, and the SPD trailing at between 32% and 34%.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/German_federal_election,_2005 (3246 words)

	germany.htm
		Approximately 95 percent of a kreis' responsibilities are mandated by federal or state law, and include everything from health care to environmental protection, to waste management, to vocational education, to public transportation.
		While municipalities receive direct federal funding, some, in the case of small villages and towns, turn their portion over to the kreis to perform services not economically feasible at the village level.
		This tension and the extensive responsibilities kreis shoulder in administering and executing federal law is prompting the German Association of Counties to seek direct funding for the kreis.
	www.naco.org /cnews/1996/96-12-23/germany.htm (1224 words)

	Kiesinger, Kurt Georg @ Archontology.org: presidents, kings, prime ministers, biography, database
		By the time of the first elections to the Bundestag Kiesinger joined the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and won a seat in the new German parliament.
		The social democratic leader Willy Brandt was appointed Deputy Federal Chancellor and Foreign Minister.
		In the election of 1969, the CSD/CSU lost only three seats in the Bundestag, but the Social Democrats increased their number of deputies by 22 and preferred to form a socialist-libral coalition with FDP thus ending the 20-year ruling of the CDU chancellors.
	www.archontology.org /nations/german/germ_govt2/kiesinger.php (530 words)

	SPD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		The SPD was founded in 1863 by Ferdinand Lasalle as General German Workers' Association and renamed Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (SAPD) after the merger with Karl Liebknecht's Social Democratic Workers' Party in 1869.
		In its election manifesto, the party enumerates the achievements of its time in government.
		The SPD praises the "Agenda 2010" as the most important reform project in ages and as the right response to the globalised economy and the ageing society.
	www.german-embassy.org.uk /spd.html (556 words)

	Campaigns and Elections Information Portal @ ElectionHype.com (Election Hype) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		The universal acceptance of elections as a tool for selecting representatives in modern democracies is in sharp contrast with the practice in the democratic archetype, ancient Athens, where elections were considered an oligarchic institution and where most political offices were filled using sortition, also known as allotment.
		Most American elections are determined by economic interests, due to the fact that the majority of the voting public will go with whoever or whatever can afford the best ad campaign.
		The Democracy Watch (International) website, further defines fair democratic elections as, "Elections in which great care is taken to prevent any explicit or hidden structural bias towards any one candidate, aside from those beneficial biases that naturally result from an electorate that is equally well informed about the various assets and liabilities of each candidate".
	www.electionhype.com (1496 words)

	Germany after Kohl, Issue 33
		The election was a defeat for Kohl and his programme rather than positive support for the new chancellor Schröder and his SPD.
		He says that the election victory was the result of the SPD's shift to the right, enabling it to win what he calls the 'new centre' of society - by this he means small entrepreneurs, well-paid administrative or state employees, and so on.
		In the East the PDS is represented in all federal state parliaments and local councils, and received 19.5% of the vote in the general election.
	www.socialismtoday.org /33/germany33.html (3811 words)

	Basic Law for The Federal Republic of Germany
		The new election shall be held forty-five months at the earliest, and forty-seven months at the latest after the beginning of the legislative term.
		(1) The scrutiny of elections is the responsibility of the Bundestag.
		(4) The Federation may grant the Laender financial assistance for particularly important investments by the Laender or communes or associations of communes, provided that such investments are necessary to avert a disturbance of the overall economic equilibrium or to equalize differences of economic capacities within the federal territory or to promote economic growth.
	www.leftjustified.com /leftjust/lib/sc/ht/wtp/germany.html (15909 words)

	CNN - Germany Votes - Helmut Kohl: Colossus with a human touch
		Kohl was often referred to as the "colossus," a reference that applied not merely to his formidable size -- Kohl is 6 feet 4 inches tall, and his weight has been reported anywhere between 280 and nearly 400 pounds.
		The city is, as The Economist put it two years ago, "about the most averagely German place imaginable." The magazine also noted that "Germans do not much go in for intellectual leaders, and Mr.
		There was also criticism that with his dictatorial hold on the CDU, Kohl killed off dissent and squeezed the vitality out of a party accused of running out of energy and ideas.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/1998/09/germany/candidates/kohl (989 words)

	German Election Study, August-September 1969 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		SUMMARY: Two separate national samples were interviewed during the course of the 1969 election campaign in the Federal Republic.
		These surveys also measured the respondents' awareness and evaluations of major political figures in the Federal Republic, their partisan attachments, political interest, voting behavior, past and present, and their anticipated vote in the 1969 election.
		Another portion of the interview measured the respondents' sense of political efficacy as well as their opinions on government performance, their toleration of dissent, their support of popular participation in government decision making, their opinion of open electoral competition between political parties and of non-authoritarianism.
	www.rdms.udel.edu /rdms/icpsr/SN7108.html (263 words)

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		Lowell Dittmer, “The German NPD: A Psycho-Sociological Analysis of ‘Neo-Naziism’”
		Hans D. Klingemann and Franz Urban Pappi, “The 1969 Bundestag Election in the Federal Republic of Germany: An Analysis of Voting Behavior”
		Werner Kaltefleiter, “The Impact of the Election of 1969 and the Formation of the New Government on the German Party System”
	web.gc.cuny.edu /jcp/vol_2.htm (378 words)

	Campaigns and Elections Information Portal @ USAElectionNews.com (USA Election News) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Campaigns and Elections Information Portal @ USAElectionNews.com (USA Election News)
		Election Day tomorrow; 175 voted early (1:55 pm)
		This page was last updated on: Mon Dec 11 18:59:09 2006
	www.usaelectionnews.com (1478 words)

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