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Topic: German federal election, 1983

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List of political parties in Germany

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	Germany
		German federalism concentrates legislative power at the federal level and places administrative and judicial powers at the state level.
		The key German federal institution is the Bundesrat (Federal Council), which is the representative of the state governments and has the final say in disputes between states and between the states and the federal government.
		The federal president, the head of state, is elected for a five-year term by the Bundesversammlung (Federal Convention), which consists of the members of the Bundestag and an equal number of members from the state legislatures.
	members.tripod.com /sdapts/WAF/Countries/germany.htm (5067 words)

	Election Resources on the Internet: Elections to the German Bundestag
		As a result, for the 1953 election the five percent threshold was set at the federal level, and the number of parties represented in the legislature dropped to seven.
		The Parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) consists of a lower house, the Bundestag, whose members are directly elected by universal adult suffrage, and an upper house, the Bundesrat, composed of representatives appointed by the Länder.
		Prior to the German reunification of 1990 (in which the Länder of the German Democratic Republic were incorporated into the FRG), there were 496 seats in the chamber: for the post-reunification legislative elections held in 1990, 160 seats were added to represent the new Länder and Berlin, for a total of 656 seats.
	electionresources.org /de (2640 words)

	German federal election, 2005 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		German federal elections took place on September 18, 2005 to elect the members of the 16th German Bundestag, the federal parliament of Germany.
		The Federal Constitutional Court ruled in a similar situation in 1983 that Chancellors may not ask the President for the Bundestag's dissolution merely for the sake of their desire for an early election; they have to have a real problem getting a majority for his legislation.
		Early election polls during summer 2005 from 6 organizations showed a solid lead for the CDU/CSU with a share of the vote ranging between 41% and 43%, and the SPD trailing at between 32% and 34%.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/German_federal_election,_2005 (3246 words)

	A short history of Germany
		After the decline of the Roman Empire the germanic tribe of the Franks becomes dominant in the region.
		After Germany's unconditional surrender in 1945, the German Empire is dissolved and the United States, the United Kingdom, the USSR and, later, France occupy the country and assume responsibility for its administration.
		In the USSR occupation zone the German Democratic Republic is established.
	www.electionworld.org /history/germany.htm (1416 words)

	Germany - The Greens
		The success of the Greens at the federal level--which continued in the 1987 national election with the party winning 8.3 percent of the vote--led to a "greening" of the established parties, with environmental awareness increasing across the political spectrum.
		The devastating loss for the West German Greens in the 1990 election brought the conflict between Realos and Fundis to a head, with the pragmatic wing emerging as victor.
		Following the 1994 national election, with 7.3 percent of the vote, the Greens emerged as the third strongest party in the federal parliament.
	countrystudies.us /germany/163.htm (906 words)

	Electoral System in Germany
		Elections at the federal, Land, and local levels are not held simultaneously, as in the United States, but rather are staggered.
		Voters are most likely to participate in general elections, but even at that level turnout in western Germany fell from 89.1 percent in 1983 to 84.3 percent in 1987, and to 78.5 percent in 1990.
		This was the case in both the 1990 and 1994 federal elections.
	www.germanculture.com.ua /library/facts/bl_electoral_system.htm (1228 words)

	Germany - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-18)
		The Federal Republic of Germany is a member state of the United Nations, NATO, the G8 and the G4 nations, and is a founding member of the European Union.
		The medieval empire stemmed from a division of the Carolingian Empire in 843, which was founded by Charlemagne on December 25 800, and existed in varying forms until 1806, its territory stretching from the river Eider in the north to the Mediterranean coast in the south.
		Federal legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, Bundestag and Bundesrat.
	www.knowledgehunter.info /wiki/Germany (5440 words)

	The Chancellor of Germany - German Government and Politics
		The federal government consists of the chancellor and his or her cabinet ministers.
		For that reason, some observers refer to the German political system as a "chancellor democracy." The chancellor's authority emanates from the provisions of the Basic Law and from his or her status as leader of the party or coalition of parties holding a majority of seats in the Bundestag.
		Every four years, after national elections and the seating of the newly elected Bundestag members, the federal president nominates a chancellor candidate to that parliamentary body; the chancellor is elected by majority vote in the Bundestag.
	www.germanculture.com.ua /library/facts/bl_chancellor.htm (949 words)

	AllRefer.com - Germany - Political Parties - Christian Democratic Union/Christian Social Union \| German Information ...
		Because of the central role played by German political parties, many observers refer to Germany as a "party state." The government of this type of state rests on the principle that competition among parties provides for both popular representation and political accountability for government action.
		Federal reso urces accounted for 24 percent of SPD revenues and 30 percent of CDU revenues; donations accounted for 8 percent and 17 percent, respectively.
		The Federal Executive is the primary executive organ of the CDU.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/germany/germany131.html (2044 words)

	Germany Today - Germany after 1945 - travel and tourist information, flight reservations, travel bargains, hotels, ...
		The Federal Constitutional Court, the guardian of the constitution, is the authority which decides whether a party is legal or not.
		In a 'letter on German unity' presented to the Soviet Government in Moscow, the Federal Republic stated that the treaty did not contradict its aim of working towards a state of peace in Europe 'in which the German people will regain their unity in free self-determination'.
		The East German constitution was amended and the term 'socialist state of the German nation' was replaced by 'socialist state of workers and peasants'.
	www.europe-today.com /germany/geraf452.html (3462 words)

	BRANDT, Willy @ Archontology.org: presidents, kings, prime ministers, biography, database
		His party improved its performance at the federal election in 1969 capturing 42.7 percent of the votes.
		However, on 27 Apr 1972 the Bundestag declined the proposal to elect the CDU deputy Rainer Barzel as Federal Chancellor.
		Brandt was reelected Federal Chancellor on 14 Dec 1972 by a wide margin of votes.
	www.archontology.org /nations/german/germ_govt2/brandt.php (987 words)

	Antisemitism And Racism
		On 11 July 2003 the German Bundesrat ratified a treaty (Staatsvertrag) on cultural and social cooperation, signed on 27 January 2003 (the 58th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz) by the Federal Republic and the Central Council of Jews in Germany.
		Möllemann was forced to resign from the FDP on 2 December 2002, after being accused of reviving antisemitism as a weapon in the campaign for the federal election in September.
		German Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer assured the international community and in particular the Jewish community in Germany that his nation would stand as a leader in the fight against rising global antisemitism, while continuing its “wholehearted commitment” to the security and permanence of the State of Israel.
	www.tau.ac.il /Anti-Semitism/asw2002-3/germany.htm (4816 words)

	Shape The Future :: Elections Results - One Vote
		In 1981, in a school district election in Belmont, winner Chon Gutierrez and his opponent Stanley Langland also received the same number of votes and had to draw straws to determine the winner.
		In 1983, East Palo Alto was incorporated by a vote of 1782 to 1767 - a margin of 15 votes.
		This election was challenged and taken before the Supreme Court of the State of California.
	www.shapethefuture.org /elections/results/onevote/default.asp (393 words)

	Basic Law for The Federal Republic of Germany
		(1) The scrutiny of elections is the responsibility of the Bundestag.
		If new functions arise for the Federation in matters on which it has the power to legislate, Federal authorities at intermediate and lower level may be established in case of urgent need, with the consent of the Bundesrat and of the majority of the members of the Bundestag.
		The requirements of the Federation and of the Laender in respect of budget coverage shall be coordinated in such a way that a fair equalization is achieved, any overburdening of taxpayers precluded, and uniformity of living standards in the Federal territory ensured.
	www.leftjustified.com /leftjust/lib/sc/ht/wtp/germany.html (15909 words)

	Joschka Fischer - Greens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-18)
		But the so-called "Deutscher Herbst," the German Autumn of 1977, a period of leftist terrorism led by the Red Army Faction of Andreas Baader and Ulrike Meinhof caused Fischer to have a change of heart, he has said.
		Fischer was a member of the German Bundestag for the Green party from 1983 to 1985 and became Hesse's environmant minister in 1985 in the first ever state level Social democratic -Green party coalition in Germany.
		Fischer became the vice chancellor and foreign minister of Germany in 1998 and was re-elected in 2002.
	www.german-embassy.org.uk /joschka_fischer_-_greens.html (288 words)

	KOHL, Helmut Josef Michael @ Archontology.org: presidents, kings, prime ministers, biography, database
		After Kohl was elected federal chairman of the CDU on 12 Jun 1973, he entered the 1976 federal elections as the chancellor candidate of the CDU, but lost to the Social Democratic Party (SDP) led by Helmut Schmidt.
		On 17 Dec 1982 a vote of confidence to Kohl's government in the Bundestag failed [2], and on 7 Jan 1983 the Federal President Karl Carstens dissolved the lower chamber of the German parliament.
		These policies were confirmed by victory in the federal elections of 25 Jan 1987, although the CDU/CSU–FDP coalition held a reduced majority (269 seats at 249-seat absolute majority).
	www.archontology.org /nations/german/germ_govt2/kohl.php (930 words)

	German Law Journal - The Decision of the German Federal Constitutional Court of 25th August 2005 — Dissolution of the ...
		The Federal Constitutional Court, in the 1983 case, held that the Chancellor must prove the existence of a situation that prevents him from pursuing a policy supported by the majority of the Parliament before he or she can pursue the Vertrauensfrage process. The President must apply the same standard in scrutinizing the Chancellor’s dissolution request.
		[43] As was the case in 1983, most of the public regard the circumstances of the dissolution of the Parliament as political theater that was deliberately staged by the Chancellor himself.
		It is undeniably true that that the Federal Constitutional Court decision of 25 August 2005 marks yet another step away from the “parliamentary democracy” that the Germans have learned to cherish in the light of their Nazi past.
	www.germanlawjournal.com /article.php?id=629 (3805 words)

	German federal election, 2002 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-18)
		The 15th German federal election, 2002 was conducted on September 22, 2002, to elect members to the Bundestag (lower house) of Germany.
		The government, on the other hand, was helped by broad support for its opposition to the Iraq War and by Gerhard SchrÃ¶der's personal popularity relative to the opposition's candidate for Chancellor, CSU leader Edmund Stoiber.
		Although the opposition gained seats, and the result was in doubt for most of the election night, the governing coalition retained a narrow majority.
	enc.qba73.com /link-German_federal_election,_2002 (489 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Europe \| Schroeder plans early German poll
		German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder says he wants a general election this autumn - a year early - after his party lost a key regional election.
		Faced with the prospect of further defeats in regional elections, possibly a rebellion within his own ranks, and pressure for his top ministers to resign, Mr Schroeder has chosen to come out fighting, says our correspondent.
		The last time elections were held earlier than scheduled was in 1983 and it is not even clear what the precise constitutional mechanism is for bringing the elections forward.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/europe/4571465.stm (477 words)

	Germany - Political Parties
		Federal resources accounted for 24 percent of SPD revenues and 30 percent of CDU revenues; donations accounted for 8 percent and 17 percent, respectively.
		Article 21 of the Basic Law places certain restrictions on the ideological orientation of political parties: "Parties which, by reason of their aims or the behavior of their adherents, seek to impair or abolish the free democratic basic order or to endanger the existence of the Federal Republic of Germany, shall be unconstitutional.
		The decision to regulate the organization and activities of political parties reflects lessons learned from Germany's experience during the post-World War I Weimar Republic, when a weak multiparty system severely impaired the functioning of parliamentary democracy and was effectively manipulated by antidemocratic parties.
	countrystudies.us /germany/158.htm (820 words)

	German Election Panel Study, 1983 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-18)
		German Election Panel Study, 1983 Forschungsgruppe Wahlen (Mannheim).
		ICPSR NUMBER: 08452 SUMMARY: This panel study is designed to provide data on attitudes and electoral behavior during the campaign for the 1983 German federal elections.
		Among the focuses of the study were respondent attitudes toward the political parties and toward various political leaders.
	sun3.lib.uci.edu /~gacodev2/archive/polit/nonelec/germpnl83/germpnl83.htm (169 words)

	Elections and Electoral Systems by Country
		The Center for Voting and Democracy is dedicated to fair elections where every vote counts and all voters are represented.
		Adam Carr's Electoral Archive has complete (ie, seat by seat) federal elections statistics from 1901 (federation) to the present, and statistics for all Australian state elections since 1990.
		The non-partisan agency responsible for conducting federal elections and referendums.
	www.psr.keele.ac.uk /election.htm (1400 words)

	List of Significant Cases
		Sexual harassment suit, brought by a Filipina model and TV star against the federal government and INS agent who stalked, abused and imprisoned her, that exposed gross misconduct and mismanagement in the INS.
		Subsequent caselaw in other federal courts came to opposite conclusion and it is now possible to efficiently and economically litigate such issues in one federal forum, instead of bouncing back and forth between state and federal court.
		Multiparty, multiforum federal maritime case brought by survivors of yacht fire in Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, in which I represented a survivor and served as all plaintiffs' special maritime counsel.
	www.smartvoter.org /2006/11/07/ca/sd/vote/german_g/paper1.html (651 words)

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