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	Opera
		Opera refers to a dramatic art form, originating in Europe, in which the emotional content is conveyed to the audience as much through music, both vocal and instrumental as it is through the lyrics.
		Traditional opera consists of two modes of singing: recitative, the dialogue and plot-driving passages often sung in a non-melodic style characteristic of opera, and aria, during which the movement of the plot often pauses, with the music becoming more melodic in character and the singer focusing on one or more topics or emotional affects.
		The bel canto opera movement flourished in the early 19th century and is exemplified by the operas of Rossini, Bellini, and Donizetti.
	www.cooldictionary.com /words/Opera.wikipedia (3454 words)

	opera. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Officially, French opera began in 1669 with the establishment of the Académie royale de Musique, which was taken over by Jean Baptiste Lully in 1672 after the bankruptcy of its founders.
		The ballad opera eventually led to the singspiel, the German comic opera with spoken dialogue, which was to reach its highest development in the works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
		These operas, although somewhat limited in melodic invention, fused in their plots the natural and the supernatural and paved the way for the grandiose music dramas of Richard Wagner, who also wrote his own librettos.
	www.bartleby.com /65/op/opera.html (3517 words)

	Opera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In these early Baroque operas, broad comedy was blended with tragic elements in a mix that jarred some educated sensibilities, sparking the first of opera's many reform movements, which came to be associated with the poet Pietro Metastasio, whose librettos helped crystallize opera seria's moralizing tone.
		The age of bel canto is exemplified by the operas of Rossini, Bellini, and Donizetti
		Mozart's German singspiel The Magic Flute (1791) stands at the head of a German opera tradition that was developed in the 19th century by Beethoven, Weber, Heinrich Marschner and Wagner.
	www.enlightenweb.net /o/op/opera.html (1152 words)

	Opera Works (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		: opera in five acts by Glinka; first performed in St. Petersburg in in 1842; characters are taken from Russian folklore; this opera serves as a prototype for the fantasy operas of Rimsky-Korsakov and Stravinsky.
		: opera in three acts by Verdi; libretto is by Piave after a story by the younger Alexandre Dumas usually known as Camille; the story is about a beautiful courtesan who sacrifices everything for the one true love of her life; first performed in Venice in 1853.
		opera in two acts by Mozart; first performed in Vienna in 1791; the last opera of Mozart's opera; more properly called a Singspiel because of its German text; the story is both a fairy tale and a story full of religious truths.
	patriciagray.net /Operahtmls/works.html (2732 words)

	Evolution of Opera [MT Dorak]
		The immediate predecessors of the opera were early semi-dramatic forms as the late sixteenth-century madrigals, madrigal cycles (madrigal comedies), the pastoral, the masque, and the intermedii all of which usually featured pastoral scenes and subjects.
		The dominance of recitatives (monody) in early opera was in contrast with the prevailing vocal forms of the time (choral, contrapuntal, polyphonic), and assured comprehensibility of the words.
		In such operas, it is hard to separate an aria from the music, as the whole act is the unit of continuous drama.
	members.tripod.com /~dorakmt/music/opera.html (3088 words)

	Opera
		But to the German people in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, music and opera were to their culture what Shakespeare had become to the British.
		No major German city was without its ornate opera house and its symphony orchestra, and the directors of these were as well known to the public as the names most popular German writers and government leaders.
		German custom at the time dictated that even a rising opera star had to devote her energies to motherhood, and Leonore agreed to follow tradition.
	www.mnstate.edu /neumaier/GermanOpera.htm (370 words)

	Search Results for singspiel - Encyclopædia Britannica
		(German: “song-play”), 18th-century opera in the German language, containing spoken dialogue and usually comic in tone.
		Although Heinrich Schütz composed Dafne, the first known opera with a German text, and heard it played at Torgau on April 23, 1627, the active history of opera in Germany began with the Italian...
		German operatic bass, famed for his vocal range of two and a half octaves.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=singspiel&submit=Find&source=MWTAB (291 words)

	The meister's singers
		In opera, diction is the key to understanding emotion and context.
		The German scholar, on sabbatical this term, has just finished weeks of intensive sessions coaching American, Finnish and Polish opera singers in the nuances of German diction.
		To add to the difficulty, when singers are not native German speakers, "they don't have the German spoken intonation in their backgrounds," Schnauber said.
	www.usc.edu /uscnews/stories/1463.html (1246 words)

	Free music and opera video downloads of German opera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Beethoven's only opera, Fidelio, first staged in Vienna in 1805, deals in generally serious terms with a loyal wife's attempt to rescue her imprisoned husband.
		While the last of these praises true German art in a plot based on the activities of the Mastersingers of the 16 th century, The Ring is a massive conception dealing with the superhuman.
		The intervention of National Socialism had, in opera as elsewhere, an immensely damaging effect on the general creativity of German opera.
	opera.prohosting.com /sarir/germanopera.html (1299 words)

	The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition: opera @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The masque was the true antecedent of English opera, and John Blow 's Venus and Adonis (c.1685) was actually an opera.
		The operas of Emmanuel Chabrier and Vincent D'Indy show the influence of Wagner, while Gustave Charpentier 's Louise (1900) is representative of naturalism.
		Russian opera was marked by the nonnational romanticism of Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky in Eugene Onegin (1879), after Pushkin 's poem, and The Queen of Spades (1890).
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1E1:opera&refid=ip_almanac_hf (3541 words)

	More Than Opera: German Australian Opera Award
		German Lutheran Trinity Church in Melbourne, including a remuneration of $500.
		Opera Finale on 26 November 2005, 3.00pm at BMW Edge, Federation Square.
		The aim of the grant is to promote emerging Australian opera singers, who are in the development stages of their professional career.
	www.mto-gaog.com (321 words)

	Opera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		However, the words of the opera, or libretto, are sung rather than spoken.
		Traditional opera consists of two modes of singing: recitative, the dialogue and plot-driving passages often sung in a non-melodic style characteristic of opera, and aria, during which the movement of the plot often pauses, with the music becoming more melodic in character and the singer focusing on one topic or emotional affect.
		The word opera means simply "works" in Latin, the plural of opus suggesting that it combines the arts of solo & choral singing, declamation, and dancing in a staged spectacle.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/O/Opera.htm (3340 words)

	Richard Wagner \| Opera Composer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Wagner is acknowledged as the master of German opera, and one of the most progressive composers in history.
		His opera based on the novel "Rienzi, Last of the Tribunes," was produced in Dresden in 1842, and was a success.
		His name has been connected to almost all the major trends in German history of the 19th and 20th centuries.
	www.lucidcafe.com /lucidcafe/library/96may/wagner.html (241 words)

	Germany Info: Information Services: Publications: The Week in Germany
		Cowin is on the faculty of Marymount Manhattan College in New York City, where she teaches the history of German opera.
		German romantic operas aren't quite as popular but that also might have to do with there being little understanding for those kinds of operas these days.
		Newer operas such as "Lulu" and "Woyzeck," which is an adaptation of a play fragment by Georg Buechner, are also well-embraced.
	www.germany-info.org /relaunch/info/publications/week/2005/050318/misc7.html (778 words)

	German opera -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		century by (The music of Beethoven) Beethoven, (German conductor and composer of Romantic operas (1786-1826)) Weber, (additional info and facts about Heinrich Marschner) Heinrich Marschner and (The music of Wagner) Wagner.
		Wagner pioneered a through-composed style, in which (A vocal passage of narrative text that a singer delivers with natural rhythms of speech) recitative and (An elaborate song for solo voice) aria blend into one another and are constantly accompanied by the (A musical organization consisting of a group of instrumentalists including string players) orchestra.
		Wagner also made copious use of the (A melodic phrase that accompanies the reappearance of a person or situation (as in Wagner's operas)) leitmotif (Weber had used a similar device earlier), a musical device which associates a musical line with each character or idea in the story.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/ge/german_opera.htm (152 words)

	Opera Today
		The Metropolitan Opera gave it some 20 performances in the next three seasons; and when Farrar said goodbye to the part in 1922, "Zazà" left New York with her.
		On its face, "Brundibar," the children's opera adapted by Maurice Sendak and Tony Kushner, is a simple, charming tale about standing up to bullies and overcoming adversity, with a little help from your friends.
		IN March, Jennifer Wilson, an unknown 39-year-old soprano, suddenly burst onto the international opera scene by jumping in for Jane Eaglen as Brünnhilde in Wagner's "Götterdämmerung" at the Lyric Opera of Chicago, just a day after singing the same character in a rehearsal of "Die Walküre." Artistry aside, this is a stunning athletic feat.
	www.operatoday.com (1305 words)

	Opera Watch: Opera's next release date... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In an effort to excite and motivate people to share the Opera browser with their friends, Opera will be offering an incentive with the new release.
		Opera thought about renaming it, but that plan was canceled.
		According to what Opera is telling me, they plan on keeping the name "Opera", however, they plan on perhaps adding a name to it.
	operawatch.blogspot.com /2005/04/operas-next-release-date.html (747 words)

	Publisher description for Library of Congress control number 84029214 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This book is the first study of the development of German opera in northern Germany from the first comic operas of Johann Adam Hiller at Leipzig in 1766 to the end of the century.
		German opera was an inseparable part of the new aspirations of the German stage during the Enlightenment.
		There is also a complete catalogue of texts of North German opera: those composed for performance and unset published librettos both cross-indexed under the librettists' names.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/description/cam031/84029214.html (221 words)

	German opera headed for Canadian arenas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The German production's Air Canada Center date is the first of five Canadian tour dates for the big-scale opera that launched in 1995 and recently enjoyed its 100th show in Budapest.
		The Carl Orff opera production, which features a complete orchestra and choir and 30 dancers, is currently on the German leg of its concert hall tour, playing dates in Dortmund, Kiel, Leipzig, Dresden and Stuttgart.
		After Canada, the opera is set for performances in the Czech Republic, Austria, Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia and Serbia-Montenegro.
	www.amusementbusiness.com /amusementbusiness/industrynews/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1000733097 (159 words)

	Obscure German opera blooms in plucky, inspired performance
		The evening's hero was the City Concert Opera Orchestra, a group that under founding music director Thomas Busse specializes in unstaged performances of obscure operatic scores.
		This version of the opera, scored for two singers and 15 instrumentalists, is a wholesale revision of an earlier incarnation that was a more traditionally linear narrative.
		In the revised version, with texts drawn by San Francisco Opera dramaturge Wolfgang Willaschek from the letters and journals of the Scholls and theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer, narrative is jettisoned in favor of a refractive series of images -- observations of prison life, dreams and family reminiscences, meditations on political morality.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2005/01/12/DDGB9AOANM1.DTL&type=performance (522 words)

	'The Ring of the Nibelung' by Richard Wagner, the greatest composer of German opera. Free pictures, posters, jokes, ...
		The greatest composer of German opera, Richard Wagner, b.
		His last opera, Parsifal, was performed in 1882, with the ceremony normally accorded only to a religious event.
		The use of legendary sources and the gradual reduction in contrast between aria and recitative in these operas anticipate the new music drama that Wagner was to propose in the treatises written about 1850.
	ring.mithec.com /eng/wagner.html (687 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: German Opera: From the Beginnings to Wagner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		German opera from its primitive origins up to Wagner is the subject of this wide-ranging history, the only one of its kind in any language.
		It traces the growth of the humble Singspiel into a vehicle for the genius of Mozart and Beethoven, together with the persistent attempts at German Grand Opera.
		The many operas studied are placed in their historical, social and theatrical context, and attention is paid to the literary, artistic and philosophical ideas that made them part of the country's...
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0521235324 (393 words)

	German opera at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Before the late 18th century, German opera was largely a copy of...
		Wagner is acknowledged as the master of German opera, and one of the most progressive composers in...
		German opera Mozart stands as the first true master of German opera.
	springknow.com /German_opera.html (575 words)

	PlaybillArts: Features: Mozart's Singspiel
		These were meant to make opera in the vernacular German, rather than in Italian, the vogue in the world's music capital.
		Joseph II's desire for a German opera became reality in 1778, when he established a company of German-speaking singers at the Burgtheater, which he called the National-Singspiel.
		Selim's wise decision at the end of the opera, where he doesn't kill -- and sets free -- the son of his mortal enemy, might have sounded superb in an aria.
	www.playbillarts.com /features/article/207.html (1236 words)

	Aikin To Speak On Wagner's 'Tristan and Isolde' Sept. 23
		Aikin is a scholar of early modern German literature with an emphasis on drama, opera and song.
		The UI Opera Studies Group, established in 1999 and co-directed by Roberta Marvin and Robert Ketterer, is an interdisciplinary forum for the study of opera and related genres.
		The Opera Studies Group is affiliated with UI International Programs, which consists of a number of offices, centers, degree programs, academic programs, research projects and services.
	www.uiowa.edu /~ournews/2005/september/091605aikin_lecture.html (416 words)

	eBay - german opera, Records, Movie Memorabilia items on eBay.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		GERMAN PHANTOM of the Opera Das PHAMTOM der OPER
		German opera Wanda Achsel spc as Countess in Wildschutz
		German opera Thila Plaichinger spc- Senta in "Dutchman"
	search-desc.ebay.com /search/search.dll?query=german+opera&newu=1&krd=1 (483 words)

	Page Title (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		(2) it approached the style, form, and subject matter of serious opera - becomes lyric opera.
		opera in the 1st half of the 19th C.; and (2) the music drama of Richard Wagner.
		German Romantic Opera - developed from German Singspiel of the late 18th and early 19th C. - characteristics: (1) subjects are derived from German folklore and legend; (2) there's a romantic
	www.cbasyracuse.org /MusicPage/page56.html (533 words)

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