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Topic: Germanic weak verb

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Common phrases in different languages

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> weak (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A person may be said to be weak, or the signs of life of a dying person may be said to be weak.
		A weak symbol is a symbol definition in an object file or dynamic library that may be overridden by other symbol definitions.
		The weak topology, the weak polar topology, the weak operator topology and weak-star topology of functional analysis.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/weak (274 words)

	Germanic languages - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Strong evidence for the unity of all the modern Germanic languages can be found in the phenomenon known as the first Germanic sound shift or consonant shift (also called Grimm's law), which set the Germanic subfamily apart from the other members of the Indo-European family.
		Also peculiar to the Germanic languages is the recessive accent, whereby the stress usually falls on the first or root syllable of a word, especially a word of Germanic origin.
		Lastly, vocabulary furnished evidence of a common origin for the Germanic languages in that a number of the basic words in these languages are similar in form; however, while word similarity may indicate the same original source for a group of languages, it can also be a sign of borrowing.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-germancl1an.html (952 words)

	Common Germanic language
		Germanic linguistics was the first to be researched deeply and thoroughly already since the beginning of the 19th century.
		Verbs used in Germanic were either strong or weak, and the second formed their past tense with -t- / -d- suffixes, derived from Indo-European *-to-.
		Germanic words have cognates in Baltic, Slavic, Italic, Celtic, Venetic, Illyrian, Indic languages, and it is impossible to detect the closest language by these numerous cognates.
	members.tripod.com /babaev/tree/germanic.html (366 words)

	Germanic verb - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Germanic language family is one of the language groups which resulted from the breakup of Proto-Indo-European (PIE).
		Later Germanic languages developed further tenses periphrastically, that is, using auxiliary verbs, but the constituent verbs of even the most elaborate periphrastic constructions are still only either in present or preterite (cf I would have had with would in preterite).
		A small number of Germanic verbs show the phenomenon of suppletion, that is, they are made up from more than one stem.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Germanic_verb (1164 words)

	Germanic weak verb - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Germanic languages, weak verbs are by far the largest group of verbs, which are therefore often regarded as the norm, though historically they are not the oldest or most original group.
		In Germanic languages, weak verbs are those verbs that form their preterites and past participles by means of a dental suffix, an inflection that contains a /t/ or /d/ sound or similar.
		Weak verbs are often thought of as having a regular inflection, but not all weak verbs are regular verbs; some have been made irregular by ellipsis or contraction, such as hear ~ heard; while others are merely irregular due to the eccentricities of English spelling, such as lay ~ laid.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Germanic_weak_verb (1361 words)

	Common Germanic Grammar - Verbs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		If there are two verbs referring to different subjects, such as he sings and you (pl) sing, then the 'he' verb conjugation becomes -aþ, only to distinguish the difference in subjects.
		The passive form of the verb is formed by adding the initial consonant cluster and the vowel e (indicative) or i (subjunctive) to the verb as a prefix.
		There are seven types of strong verbs, based on their vowel changes, and two types of weak verbs (regular and irregular).
	home.comcast.net /~modean52/cg_grammar_verbs.htm (691 words)

	German Verb Classes
		German vocabulary in general, and the verbs in particular, have undergone several different types of vowel alternations which have changed the look and sound of the language.
		In terms of the verb classes, the subdivision of the weak verbs in OHG continued to be into four separate classes, although these varied slightly from their Germanic predecessors.
		The strong verb classes seem to have undergone no major changes in the period from OHG to MHG, except for a "coalescence in class VII in consequence of a phonological change." [20] There was regional variation in regard to phonology and grammar, but in general the strong verbs remained quite regular.
	www.nthuleen.com /papers/130paper.html (2427 words)

	Germanic languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The common ancestor of all languages comprising this branch is Common Germanic, spoken in approximately the latter mid-1st millennium BC in Iron Age Northern Europe.
		Common Germanic, and all its descendants, is characterized by a number of unique linguistic features, most famously the consonant change known as Grimm's law.
		The earliest evidence of Germanic comes from names recorded in the 1st century by Tacitus, and in a single instance in the 2nd century BC, on the Negau helmet.
	www.higiena-system.com /wiki/link-Germanic_language (1600 words)

	Verbix -- Germanic. Conjugate verbs in 50+ languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The earliest extensive Germanic text is the (incomplete) Gothic Bible, translated about AD 350 by the Visigothic bishop Ulfilas (Wulfila) and written in a 27-letter alphabet of the translator's own design.
		The Germanic languages are related in the sense that they can be shown to be different historical developments of a single earlier parent language.
		In Germanic these were reduced to indicative, imperative, and subjunctive moods; a full active voice plus passive found only in Gothic; three persons; full singular and plural forms and dual forms found only in Gothic; and one infinitive (present) and two participles (present and past).
	www.verbix.com /languages/germanic.asp (837 words)

	Germanic Branch
		Germanic languages are spoken by close to 470 million people in many parts of the world, but mainly in Europe and the Western Hemisphere.
		All Germanic languages are characterized by a shift of stress to the root and later to the first syllable of the word.
		German is somewhat more difficult (30 weeks), while Icelandic is considered to be Category III language (44 weeks).
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/december/GermanicBranch.html (1126 words)

	Verbs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Present is that form of the verb, which is the root of all the rest; the verb itself; or that simple term which we should look for in a dictionary: as, be, act, rule, love, defend, terminate.
		An irregular verb is a verb that does not form the preterit and the perfect participle by assuming d or ed; as, see, saw, seeing, seen.
		A redundant verb is a verb that forms the preterit or the perfect participle in two or more ways, and so as to be both regular and irregular; as, thrive, thrived or throve, thriving, thrived or thriven.
	www50.brinkster.com /manal1/Verbs.htm (781 words)

	Strong inflection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A strong inflection is a system of verb conjugation or noun/adjective declension which can be contrasted with an alternative system in the same language, which is then known as a weak inflection.
		The term strong was coined with reference to the Germanic verb, but has since been used of other phenomena in these and other languages, which may or may not be analogous.
		The Germanic strong verb, for example, is characterised by a vowel shift called ablaut, but there is nothing comparable in the German strong adjective inflections.
	www.toshare.info /en/Strong_verbs.htm (166 words)

	E-Intro to Old English - 7. Verbs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		verbs can be daunting, for a typical verb appears in more forms than a typical pronoun, noun or adjective.
		Verbs like Modern English buy/bought, which both change their vowels in the past tense and add the dental consonant characteristic of the weak past, should not be confused with verbs like swim/swam, which are descended from the Old English strong verbs.
		A few verbs have the characteristics of the first weak class in the present tense and of strong class 5 or 6 in the past tense.
	www.wmich.edu /medieval/research/rawl/IOE/inflverb.html (5401 words)

	the Akkadian grammar: the verb
		Referring to verbs the concept is in Semitic languages different as compared to the use in Germanic languages.
		The term `weak' and `strong verbs' is passed on by the definition of `weak' and `strong' consonants.
		Thus strong verbs are verbs having three strong consonants (radices) in the root, that do not undergo phonetic modification in different positions in the paradigms.
	xoomer.virgilio.it /bxpoma/akkadeng/verb.htm (651 words)

	Literary Terms and Definitions W
		WANDERJAHR (German, "Wander-Year"): A period in a character's life during which she is absent from her normal routine, engaged in thought, travel, and a quest for novel experiences or insight.
		WEAK ENDING: In poetry, another term for a feminine ending, in which the last syllable of a metrical line is unstressed.
		Contrast with a strong verb, one whose linguistic principal parts were formed by ablaut of the stem vowel, Examples of a strong verb surviving in modern English would be the verb swim, with forms like swim, swam, swum, as opposed to a weak verb like indicate, indicated, or have indicated.
	web.cn.edu /kwheeler/lit_terms_W.html (2944 words)

	Germanic Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		German is a closer cousin to English than either language is to Danish or Swedish.
		In Gothic (the earliest attested Germanic language, but not the source of the others, just a member of the Eastern branch of the family), the first and second person personal pronouns are (nominative) ik, þu, weis and jus; (accusative) mik, þuk, uns and izwis; (genitive) meina, þeina, unsara, and izwara.
		Germanic languages continued to be spoken in the Germanic home lands of Scandinavia and central Germany, and are of course till spoken there today.
	www.uta.edu /english/tim/courses/4301f98/oct5.html (1312 words)

	Dutch language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The West Germanic dialects can be divided according to tribe (see Germanic tribes), and according to the extent of their participation in the High German consonant shift (Low Germanic against High Germanic).
		Since it did not experience the High German consonant shift (apart from þ→d), it is a Low Germanic language, and it is most closely related to the Low German dialects of German.
		In The Netherlands German is spoken with a high level of proficiency (especially in the regions bordering Germany) and the language is part of the core curriculum in schools for 2-5 years.
	www.higiena-system.com /wiki/link-Dutch_language (5554 words)

	Germanic Languages
		The East Germanic branch of the Germanic languages was spoken by the Germanic speaking people who, in the second through fourth centuries C. E., migrated first to the Danube and Black Sea areas from the Germanic homeland.
		The Germanic branch of Indo-European is a centum language, characterized by systematic change in initial stops, a stress accent on the first syllable of the root, by the productive use of ablaut in verbs, by the use of a dental suffix in verb morphology, and by the use of strong and weak adjective conjugations.
		West Norse is the western branch of the North Germanic languages used in Iceland, Ireland, Norway, the Hebrides, Orkney, Shetland, and the Faroe Islands.
	softrat.home.mindspring.com /germanic.html (3010 words)

	Germanic Linguistics
		The Germanic languages is a subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages, which were spoken by about 420 million people in many parts of the world (chiefly in Europe and the Western Hemisphere).
		A system of strong verbs developed as the result of vowel alternation (ablaut), as in sing, sang, sung, and a unique way of forming the past tense using weak verbs (jump, jumped) was created, probably by adding a form of did to the verb (I jump - did = I jumped).
		The number of strong verbs in Germanic is steadily being reduced, and the system does not seem to permit the creation of new strong verbs.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Atrium/3993/germanics/grm_linguistics.htm (2365 words)

	German Grammar Roadmap
		There is no rule for determining weak or strong verbs: they must be learned like gender of nouns and other vocabulary.
		Mixed verbs are verbs that exhibit characteristics of weak verbs and characteristics of strong verbs.
		When speaking, the prefix of separable verbs is stressed whereas the prefix of inseparable verbs is not stressed.
	www.tulane.edu /~germgram/verb3.html (319 words)

	Dutch_language information. LANGUAGE SCHOOL EXPLORER
		Since it did not experience the High German consonant shift (apart from Ã¾â’d), it is a Low Saxon-Low Franconian language, and it is most closely related to the Low Saxon variety of the West Germanic languages.
		Dutch is grammatically similar to German, for example in syntax and verb morphology (for a comparison of verb morphology in English, Dutch and German, see Germanic weak verb and Germanic strong verb).
		In the Netherlands German is spoken with varying levels of proficiency (especially in the regions bordering Germany) and the language is part of the core curriculum in schools for 2-5 years.
	www.school-explorer.com /Dutch (5751 words)

	ENG 121: The Germanic Languages
		Weak verbs are regular; strong verbs have distinct patterns.
		Many strong verbs in Old English have shifted to weak verbs (to help), and borrowed verbs are given weak inflections (to invite).
		The Phonology of Proto Germanic A. The placing of stress on first syllables in Germanic languages led to a gradual de-emphasis of word endings because they were not stressed, and "ease of effort" led to weaker inflectional systems (particularly in English, Barber 92-93).
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~grabe/notes/notes32.html (760 words)

	Germanic
		By the fifth century A.D., these warlike Germanic tribes, though illiterate and without the highly advanced civilization of the competing Roman Empire to their south, were among the most powerful and influential in all of Europe.
		By the time that the spread of Germanic was at its peak, the Germanic language was so far flung geographically that it was inevitable that dialects would have arisen and that these dialects would eventually become mutually incomprehensible and thus comprise separate languages.
		Such verbs are called "weak verbs." Verbs indicating past tense by the more Indo-European method of ablaut (e.g., sing and sang) are called strong verbs.
	homepage.mac.com /ebranscomb/courses/HEL/Germanic.html (638 words)

	Dutch Information Center - von dutch
		The West Germanic dialects can be divided according to tribe (Frisian, Saxon, Franconian, Bavarian and Swabian), and according to the extent of their participation in the High German consonant shift (Low German against High German).
		Germans seem to have an advantage with the Dutch grammar, but suffer the same difficulties as the English when dealing with pronounciation.
		Even though few true loanwords are present, German has had a considerable effect upon the lexicon of the language, mainly by the change of German words into words that seem Dutch (so called germanisme), a process probably to be ascribed to the likeness of the two languages.
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Official_Languages_D_-_G/Dutch.html (4344 words)

	[No title]
		Whether the strong or weak form is generated depends on the structure of the noun phrase.
		The weak verbs use a slightly different set of inflections to signal person and number from that used by strong verbs.
		Verbs in subordinate clauses expressing condition contrary to fact, possibility, and a few other senses are marked as subjunctive in OE.
	www.acs.appstate.edu /~mcgowant/4660assg1.htm (2680 words)

	German Grammar Roadmap
		Weak Verbs ending in -d, -t, and certain consonant clusters: Insert an -e between the personal endings.
		Obviously, it is important to know the meaning of the verb in question to be able to place it in its correct group.
		Past Participles: Form the past participle of weak verbs by taking the stem of the verb, adding the prefix ge- and the suffix -t.
	www.tulane.edu /~germgram/verb2.html (334 words)

	Verbs2
		Confusion about the use of this intransitive verb is common because it has the bad taste to take the same form as the present tense of the transitive verb lay.
		For what it’s worth, they were the same root word in Primitive Germanic, but the transitive verb had an extra syllable that caused it to come down through the language as a regular verb.
		It takes a singular verb when it refers to the decisions or actions of the individuals it comprises and a plural verb when it refers to the decisions or actions of the collective.
	www2.ncsu.edu /ncsu/grammar/Verbs3.html (8408 words)

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