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	Germanium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Germanium forms a large number of organometallic compounds and is an important semiconductor material used in transistors.
		Germanium transistors are still used in some stompboxes by musicians who wish to reproduce the distinctive tonal character of the "fuzz"-tone from the early rock and roll era.
		Germanium is obtained commercially from zinc ore processing smelter dust and from the combustion by-products of certain coals.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Germanium (647 words)

	Germanium - MSN Encarta
		Germanium is in the same chemical family as carbon, silicon, tin, and lead, and resembles these elements in forming organic derivatives such as tetraethyl germanium and tetraphenyl germanium.
		Germanium was the first metal used in the transistor, the electronic device that requires far less current than the vacuum tube.
		Germanium oxide is used in the manufacture of optical glass and as a drug in the treatment of pernicious anemia.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761572471 (342 words)

	Germanium - LoveToKnow 1911
		GERMANIUM (symbol Ge, atomic weight 72.5); one of the metallic elements included in the same natural family as carbon, silicon, tin and lead.
		Germanium compounds on fusion with alkaline carbonates and sulphur form salts known as thiogermanates.
		The germanium salts are most readily recognized by the white precipitate of the disulphide, formed in acid solutions, on passing sulphuretted hydrogen.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Germanium (459 words)

	Germanium (Ge) - Chemical properties, Health and Environmental effects
		Germanium is stable in air and water, and is unaffected by alkalis and acids, except nitric acid.
		Germanium is less abundant than either tin or lead, which are the heavier component metals of group 14, and it is less easily accessed because geological processes have contracted only small amounts of it into minerals, so that it tends to be widely dispersed.
		Germanium is widely distributed in ores of other metals, such as zinc, and that which is required for manufacturing purposes is recovered as a by-product from the flue-dusts of zinc smelters.
	www.lenntech.com /Periodic-chart-elements/Ge-en.htm (468 words)

	Germanium
		Germanium is found in the earth's crust, in certain minerals and in living matter such as plants and the human body.
		Germanium dioxide and germanium lactate citrate are nephrotoxic.
		Germanium, in the form of Ge-132, also known as Germanium-132, germanium sesquioxide and bis-carboxyethyl germanium sesquioxide, is available as a nutritional supplement in capsules containing 30 to 150 milligrams.
	www.pdrhealth.com /drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/ger_0119.shtml (1015 words)

	Germanium tetrachloride - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Most commercial production of germanium is from treating flue-dusts of zinc- and copper-ore smelters, although a significant source is also found in the ash from the combusion of certain types of coal called vitrain.
		Germanium tetrachloride is an intermediate for the purification of germanium metal or its oxide, GeO
		Germanium tetrachloride is used almost exclusively as an intermediate for several optical processes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Germanium_tetrachloride (500 words)

	Mineral Information Institute - GERMANIUM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The existence of germanium was predicted in 1871 by the chemist Mendeleev.
		Germanium is not necessary to human health; however, its presence in the body does stimulate metabolism.
		Germanium is retrieved as a by-product of zinc and copper-zinc-lead ores where it is found as a trace element.
	www.mii.org /Minerals/photogermanium.html (436 words)

	germanium. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Pure germanium is a lustrous, gray-white, brittle metalloid with a diamondlike crystalline structure.
		Germanium oxide is added to glass to increase the index of refraction; such glass is used in wide-angle lenses.
		Germanium is produced as a byproduct of the refining of other metals; there is considerable recovery from flue dusts and from ashes of certain coals with high germanium content.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ge/germaniu.html (327 words)

	Germanium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Germanium is also finding many other applications including use as an alloying agent, as a phosphor in fluorescent lamps, and as a catalyst.
		Germanium and germanium oxide are transparent to the infrared and are used in infrared spectroscopes and other optical equipment, including extremely sensitive infrared detectors.
		Germanium oxide's high index of refraction and dispersion has made it useful as a component of glasses used in wide-angle camera lenses and microscope objectives.
	www.scescape.net /~woods/elements/germanium.html (291 words)

	ENIVA: Germanium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Germanium is an element that is structured to act as a semiconductor as it accepts and transmits electrons.* It was discovered by a German scientist, Clemens Winkler, in 1886.
		Germanium is necessary for the optimum nutrition of the human body.
		Germanium improves oxygen flow to tissues, and it’s believed that this alone is a major part of why it is such a dynamic element.* Improved oxygen flow to tissues boosts circulation, which improves stamina and endurance.* Germanium supports increased oxygen levels for optimum health.*
	www.eniva.com /products/mfl_germanium.html (527 words)

	Germanium
		Organic Germanium-132 is an oxygen-rich form of germanium which has been studied for its antiviral, immunostimulative, and supportive capabilities of oxygen utilization.
		Germanium was first produced in 1967 by Kazuhiko Asaia, a Japanese scientist.
		Since 1948 however, inorganic forms of industrial-grade germanium have been used comercially, but these forms are potentially toxic and are not sold as nutritional supplements.
	members.tripod.com /vitaminman/nutrition/germanium.htm (370 words)

	It's Elemental - The Element Germanium
		Today, germanium is primarily obtained from the smelting of zinc ores and from the byproducts of burning certain types of coal.
		Both germanium and germanium oxide (GeO) are transparent to infrared radiation and are used in infrared optical instruments and infrared detectors.
		Some germanium compounds seem to be effective in killing some types of bacteria and are currently being studied for use in chemotherapy.
	education.jlab.org /itselemental/ele032.html (146 words)

	Germanium-132
		Germanium is a mineral which has been hailed as being “good for almost anything that ails you.” It is known to stimulate the immune system, normalize many physiological imbalances and activates the body’s own defenses.
		Germanium is a semiconductor, with electrical properties between those of a metal and an insulator.
		Germanium improves the health of the arteries and has a normalizing effect on blood pressure and serum cholesterol levels.
	www.cantron.com /html/nutraceuticals/german.html (329 words)

	AlternativesInCancerTherapy2.htm
		IN ITS inorganic form, the trace mineral germanium is used in the electronics industry as a semiconductor, and has no nutritional or therapeutic benefits.
		He also discovered that the amount of germanium in a plant varies according to the quality of the soil in which it grows and that adding germanium to the soil enhances plant growth.
		Asai believed that a semiconductor like germanium is a key factor in the process of photosynthesis, which enables a plant to convert the energy from sunlight into microcurrents of electricity.
	www.curezone.com /diseases/cancer/germanium.asp (1556 words)

	Templatesmaker.com
		Germanium 132 has demonstrated in extensive animal studies and clinical testing to be a versatile normalizer of physiological functions.
		When elemental (inorganic) germanium is drawn from the soil by plant life, it is transformed by the plant into organic germanium, a complex molecule containing a core of pure elemental germanium atomically bound to a large number of oxygen atoms.
		Studies indicate that oral doses of Germanium 132 in any amount are rapidly excreted (all traces of germanium are discharged from the body through he digestive tract within 20 to 30 hours); therefore, effects whether adverse or beneficial probably subside within 24 hours.
	www.altmedicineshop.com /ProductInfo/Germanium.htm (1213 words)

	Germanium
		In fact, dozens of scientific studies have shown that germanium appears to have a wide range of health benefits which include helping to boost the immune system, normalize high blood pressure and cholesterol, protect the body against harmful cellular aberrations and abuse, providing some pain relief, alleviate rheumatoid arthritis symptoms and generally normalize physiological functions.
		Recently, germanium was one of only six substances selected for clinical testing as potential weapon against AIDS by the International AIDS Treatment Conference held in Tokyo, Japan in February of 1987.
		In 1948, germanium was first used as a semi-conductor in the transistor similar to the way silicon is used in computer chips.
	www.stopcancer.com /germaniumstor.htm (729 words)

	Germanium Detectors - CANBERRA, An AREVA Group Company
		Germanium detectors are semiconductor diodes having a p-i-n structure in which the intrinsic (I) region is sensitive to ionizing radiation, particularly x rays and gamma rays.
		This charge, which is in proportion to the energy deposited in the detector by the incoming photon, is converted into a voltage pulse by an integral charge sensitive preamplifier.
		Because germanium has relatively low band gap, these detectors must be cooled in order to reduce the thermal generation of charge carriers (thus reverse leakage current) to an acceptable level.
	www.canberra.com /products/465.asp (974 words)

	ACS :: Germanium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Inorganic germanium is mined and widely used as a semiconductor in the electronics industry.
		There is no scientific evidence that germanium supplements are effective in preventing or treating cancer in humans, and there are numerous reports showing that they may be harmful.
		Germanium supplements are available in capsules ranging from 35 mg to 500 mg., as well as in powdered form.
	www.cancer.org /docroot/ETO/content/ETO_5_3X_Germanium.asp?sitearea=ETO (985 words)

	Germanium
		Germanium: The typical daily dietary intake of germanium is 0.4 to 1.5 mg.
		Germanium as an organic complex has been touted, but not proved, as having anticancer properties in humans.
		Some individuals consuming high amounts of organic germanium supplements contaminated with inorganic germanium stores have died from kidney failure.
	www.tjclarkminerals.com /minerals/germanium.htm (71 words)

	Organic Germanium Vitamin O - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Organic Germanium is available for external application in the form of creams and lotions that work wonders on skin rashes and other skin problems.
		Organic Germanium, the "magic" that penetrates into your skin structure has been conjectured to be an electric current that is helping to discharge and to balance.
		Using Organic Germanium creams and lotions may be the prescription of tomorrow for the relief of pain and stress.
	www.germaniumorganic.com /supplements.htm (311 words)

	Chandler Limited \| Products: GERMANIUM Pre Amp/DI -
		The use of germanium devices opens a whole new sound palate not found in any pro audio equipment currently manufactured.
		The sound is warm and smooth as with many vintage style circuits, but you'll find a whole new world of smooth here as well as a sound that settles in perfectly to your tracks without fighting.
		With 1 Microphone and the new Germanium chandler, I got some pretty insane guitar sounds instantly....from crystal clean with lots of body to pure overdriven hell.
	www.chandlerlimited.com /products/germanium_pre.php (370 words)

	GERMANIUM in West Virginia Coals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Germanium is a trace element in coal that is of no environmental concern.
		Germanium is one of a few elements with coal ash as an important source.
		Germanium is also used in alloys, as a catalyst and as a phosphor in fluorescent lamps, wide angle camera lenses and microscope objectives
	www.wvgs.wvnet.edu /www/datastat/te/GeHome.htm (281 words)

	Chemistry : Periodic Table : germanium : key information
		Small and large samples of germanium grain can be purchased from Advent Research Materials via their web catalogue.
		The element is a gray-white metalloid, and in its pure state is crystalline and brittle, retaining its lustre in air at room temperature.
		The extraction of germanium from flue dust is complex because of the difficulty in separating it from zinc, which is also present.
	www.webelements.com /webelements/elements/text/Ge/key.html (245 words)

	American Elements: Germanium Supplier & Technical Information
		When germanium is doped with arsenic, gallium, or other elements, it is used as a transistor element in thousands of electronic applications.
		Germanium and germanium oxide are transparent to the infrared and are used in infrared spectroscopes and other optical equipment, including extremely sensitive infrared detectors The high refractive index and dispersion properties of its oxide's have made germanium useful as a component of wide-angle camera lenses and microscope objectives.
		Germanium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder.
	www.americanelements.com /ge.html (172 words)

	About Organic Germanium - The need for Organic Germanium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The holy water of Lourdes, known for its therapeutic value, also contains a quantity of germanium to be worthy of notice, ranging in amounts from 100 to 2,000 parts per million.
		By 1967, Dr. Asai managed to synthesize a new compound of germanium and found that the manufactured substance itself (bis-beta-carboxyethyl germanium sesquioxide) has amazing curative powers.
		Early experiments have shown that when germanium is used as a stabilizing agent for tofu, the life of the tofu is extended - it simply does not spoil rapidly.
	www.germaniumorganic.com /organic_germanium.htm (373 words)

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