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Topic: Germination

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	Germination Summary
		Germination, by definition, starts when the seed takes up water, a process known as imbibition, and is completed when the embryonic root, the radicle, penetrates the outer structures of the seed (usually the seed coat and, in some species, the surrounding storage tissues of the endosperm).
		Germination refers to the beginning of growth of a mature seed, to produce a small plant, or seedling.
		The most common example of germination is the sprouting of a seedling from a seed of a flowering plant or gymnosperm.
	www.bookrags.com /Germination (2344 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In a botanical sense, germination is the process of emergence of growth from a resting stage.
		However, the growth of a hypha from a fungal spore is also germination.
		Some seeds require particular conditions to germinate, such as the heat of a fire (e.g., many Australian native plants), or soaking in a body of water for a long period of time.
	wikiwhat.com /encyclopedia/g/ge/germination.html (296 words)

	Germination - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Germination is the process where growth emerges from a resting stage.
		The most common example of germination is the sprouting of a seedling from a seed of a flowering plant or gymnosperm.
		In some definitions, the appearance of the radicle marks the end of germination and the beginning of "establishment", a period that ends when the seedling has exhausted the food reserves stored in the seed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Germination (472 words)

	The Seed Biology Place - Seed germination
		Germination of seeds is a complex physiological process triggered by imbibition of water and the release of possible dormancy mechanisms by appropriate triggers (e.g.
		Germination commences with the uptake of water by imbibition of the dry seed, followed by embryo expansion.
		Germination of tobacco follows a distinct pattern of events: rupture of the testa is followed by rupture of the endosperm.
	www.seedbiology.de /germination.asp (2116 words)

	Alfalfa - Seed Germination - Seedling Growth - Vegetative Development
		Externally the seed has several visible structures – the hilum or point of attachment in the seed pod, the lens or a weak point in the seed coat, and the micropyle, which is a remnant of the tiny opening the pollen tube grew through during the process of fertilizing the female ovary.
		Germination is the resumption of growth by the embryo within the seed leading to the development of a new plant.
		The process is influenced by available soil moisture, soil temperature, and the nature of the soil surrounding the seed (i.e., salty vs. normal soil) or residual herbicides that may be present in the soil.
	www.ext.nodak.edu /extpubs/plantsci/hay/r648w.htm (1321 words)

	Tree seeds germination instructions : Bonsai seeds and tree seeds by Misho bonsai
		Once you are ready to germinate your seeds, you have two (2) germination methods: natural germination or forced germination.
		Consequently, seeds spend the winter period under colder temperature permitting the chemical in the seeds to develop and trigger the germination process once the ideal temperature is reached in spring.
		In the forced germination process, you attempt to recreate the winter period.
	www.mishobonsai.com /germination_instructions.html (692 words)

	Palm Seed Germination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In palms with adjacent germination, the first seedling root or radicle is usually narrow, very short-lived, and is quickly replaced by roots formed at the seedling stem base (adventitious roots).
		In coconut, however, the first stages of germination occur in the fibrous fruit wall that adheres to the seed and cannot be observed without dehusking the nut.
		The rate at which palm seed germinates, the uniformity of germination, and the percentage of total germination can vary tremendously from species to species, from seed lots collected from different plants of the same species, and even from seed lots collected in different years from the same plant.
	flrec.ifas.ufl.edu /Hort/Palms/palmproduction/Palm_seed_germination/PALMSEED.htm (4619 words)

	paph germination
		Germination can sometimes be extended over several years, and it is not unusual to find plants geminating 3-7 years down the line.
		On occasions germination of bleach treated seed is quicker, this may be due to the effect of the bleach on germination inhibitors or due to different rates of wetting of the seed compared to the dry seed resultant from a green pod sowing.
		The seed germination and rooting media are greatly superior nowadays compared to the past, while the use of lightweight containers and a move towards plastic all benefit the economics of producing these orchids.
	www.tissuequickplantlabs.com /paphgerminationnf.htm (3528 words)

	Seed Germination and Dormancy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Most seed does not germinate immediately but rather undergoes or is under the influence of some type of primary dormancy present to delay initial seed germination.
		In terms of seed germination, it is favorable for seed to germinate in winter under cool moist conditions rather than during the hot, dry summer.
		Germinating seed are very metabolically active - respiration is occurring at high rates breaking down storage materials and sugars and converting them to other forms more useful to the seed.
	www.pssc.ttu.edu /plantprop/lecnotes/section2/topic7.htm (1579 words)

	Seed Germination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The seed in all cases was germinated in total darkness at about 15°C. A few days after germinating the seed was planted singly in a 4 x 4 cm pot (40 to a standard seed tray) and grown on at 15°C in a greenhouse.
		Germination is usually evident in three to four weeks; the tiny tubers are pricked off into trays or plugs to grow on.
		As soon as germination is noticed the pots are transferred to another box, and gradually accustomed to the light and to a normal atmosphere on a north-facing window sill in an unheated bedroom.
	www.cyclamen.org /seedgerm.htm (5964 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for germination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		germination GERMINATION [germination] in a seed, process by which the plant embryo within the seed resumes growth after a period of dormancy and the seedling emerges.
		It is used in brewing to convert cereal starches to sugars by means of the enzymes (chiefly diastase) produced during germination.
		Germination and early seedling growth of chaffy-seeded grasses at negative water potentials.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/05044.html (703 words)

	Plants & Human Affairs - Seed Germination
		The food for the germinating seedling may be stored in part of the embryo itself, such as the fleshy cotyledons of a bean seed, or it may take other forms including endosperm, which is a special starch-rich storage tissue that surrounds the embryo.
		A seed is officially considered to have germinated when the young root, called the radicle, emerges from the seed coat.
		A seed that has not germinated because it is lacking one or more of the necessary requirements for germination is termed quiescent.
	employees.csbsju.edu /SSAUPE/biol106/lectures/seed_germination.htm (1196 words)

	Seed Germination Database
		This may sometimes be due to seed dormancy, a condition which prevents the seed from germinating even when it is perfectly healthy and all conditions for germination are at optimum.
		When the seeds start to germinate sprinkle a thin layer of fine compost over them and when the seed leaves come through this, move the box to a well lit place with a temperature of 55'F. At no time should the seed box be in full sun.
		On germination the seedlings look very thin and spindly and the glass should be removed almost immediately and the seed container moved to a well lit but not sunny position.
	www.backyardgardener.com /tm.html (11350 words)

	Main Text for Spring Flowers and Pollen Germination
		In Thomas 2000 (4) and, Garrett 1999 (5) a study leading to the discovery of a simple and inexpensive method of achieving pollen tube germination on onion or leek epidermis was described.
		Germinating pollen was photographed with transmitted light using a 10 x objective and 10 x eyepiece, an Olympus OM2 Camera and Tesco 400 ASA 35mm film.
		Lack of pollen germination was not only reflected in lack of abundant pollen tube growth from expanded grains, but also by the higher proportion of unexpanded grains.
	www.microscopy-uk.org.uk /mag/ctpollen/Main_text_Spring_Flowers_pollen_germination.html (1552 words)

	PACSOA - Lodoicea Germination
		This leads to a certain variance in stated germination times as there is then no way of knowing when germination begins and therefore how long the seedling takes to form.
		In all these palms the seed germinates rapidly and forms a tuberous extension of the cotyledon which carries the embryo out of the seed and plants it deep in the soil.
		From the initiation of germination on the 8th August, 1986 until 25th May, 1987 when the leaf became obvious is a period of 289 days, a lengthy time-span for any seedling, but considering the size of the plant, its huge tuberous cotyledon and massive roots, it does not seem overly slow.
	www.pacsoa.org.au /palms/Lodoicea/germinate.html (1337 words)

	Palm Seed Germination, Growing Palm Trees From Seed
		Germination of Borassus species in extremely deep containers to have room for the large and deep root radical.
		Germination times are dependent on all factors discussed above and vary from one batch of seeds to the next.
		If one actively attempts to germinate many species and gets seeds from all around the world, an overall germination rate of 25% or greater would be considered good.
	www.junglemusic.net /palmadvice/palms-seed-germination.htm (1986 words)

	Hort Digest #107 Palm Seed Germination
		To date the results are somewhat mixed as germination was better in the well-drained cinder or perlite than peat moss as shown in Table 4 for the germination of Ptychosperma mac arthuri seeds.
		Final Treatment T50 germination (wks) (percent) Cinder 8.5 a 60 ab Peat:cinder (1:1) 8.2 ab 35 c Peat 7.3 bc 46 bc Peat:perlite (1:1) 7.1 c 32 c Vermiculite 7.0 c 56 ab Perlite 6.7 c 63 a Perlite:vermiculite (1:1) 6.5 c 60 ab Mean separation in columns by Duncan's multiple range test, 5% level.
		Final Treatment T50 germination (wks) (percent) Perlite 3.1 a 97 ab Cinder 2.5 b 93 c Vermiculite 2.4 bc 97 abc Perlite:vermiculite (1:1) 2.4 bc 94 bc Peat 2.3 bcd 98 a Peat:perlite (1:1) 2.1 cd 98 a Peat:cinder (1:1) 2.1 cd 96 abc Mean separation in columns by Duncan's multiple range test, 5% level.
	www2.ctahr.hawaii.edu /tpss/digest/hd107/hd107_3.html (982 words)

	Germination
		Seeds harvested from each mother plant are checked for the germination rate before they are approved for sale.
		They prefer a nurturing substrate to germinate in — just as mother nature has meant it to be.
		While transplanting the germinated seed it is very difficult to prevent damage to the delicate taproot and also the seedling is "disturbed" in it´s natural development.
	www.mandalaseeds.com /html/germination.html (715 words)

	Germination Testing \| Tips & Techniques
		You should also remove the seeds that germinate as you count them; they are not growing under optimum conditions and might die, and being dead, rot and affect the rest of the seeds in the test.
		The germination rate from the test not only tells you whether or not saved seed is usable, and what priority it should have in you gardening scheme, it guides you in how thickly to sow the seed and what to expect from them.
		If the germination rate for your corn is down around 50%, consider planting twice as much seed in a given area, spacing them at half the usual distance, to make up for the empty spots that are bound to develop.
	www.gardenguides.com /how-to/tipstechniques/seedsbulbs/germination.asp (1784 words)

	How to Germinate Seed
		Some tropicals which are slow to germinate (many palms and aralias) need prolonged warmth to first develop their embryos.
		Many seeds are 'multicycle' germinators, needing several cycles of cold and warm periods.
		Over millions of years, wild plants have evolved germination strategies which ensure their survival, but which may not be convenient for the home gardener who wants a quick and even stand of plants from a packet of seed.
	www.jlhudsonseeds.net /Germination.htm (2995 words)

	Understanding Germination May Be Key in Figuring Out Why A Crop Fails
		A simple definition of germination is when the embryo inside of a seed absorbs water, resumes growth and the radicle (embryonic root) emerges through the seed coat and begins to grow.
		An internal condition can be one in which the embryo has not reached a maturity point capable of germination due to chemical inhibition or the seed coat is so hard (hard seed) that it impedes the absorption of water and oxygen preventing the resumption of growth.
		Planting when soil temperatures are not optimal for germination can be corrected by knowing what soil temperatures are required for a particular seed to germinate — they are not all the same.
	www.noble.org /Ag/Forage/UnderstandingGermination/index.html (813 words)

	- Germination
		Already the seedling is one of an extremely small minority since even germination is rare under ordinary natural conditions.
		In addition to genetic factors, the germination of sequoia seeds depends on a strict balance of interrelated environmental factors.
		Studies have shown that giant sequoia seeds must germinate within a half-inch of the soil surface in order for the seedlings to become established.
	www.parks.ca.gov /allpages?page_id=1149 (356 words)

	You Grow Girl \| Seed Starting :: Germination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Germination inhibitors are part of the make-up of every seed.
		Usually chemical in nature (five per cent of seeds are simply waterproof, dormant until their seed coat cracks), germination inhibitors put a seed into dormancy.
		Germination inhibitors `wear off’ over time, allowing a seed to sprout the next year.
	www.yougrowgirl.com /grow/seed_starting1.php (239 words)

	Growing Delphiniums
		Those seeds germinated in the fridge had the poorest germination rates of both species indicating that, in this trial a least, temperature differences had a much more significant impact than any difference in light intensity.
		It seems reasonable to conclude that where delphinium seed are germinated in conditions that exclude light, good germination rates are likely to be the result of the coincidental provision of the correct temperature and humidity requirements, rather than any light factor being involved.
		If germinating delphinium seed in the dark you must be very careful to remove them to the light once they are germinated.
	www.delphinium.co.nz /Germination.htm (909 words)

	Seeds and Seed Germination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Seed germination is defined as the emergence of the radicle through the seed coat.
		If the small seed is deeply buried it does not germinate; it has no idea how deep it is buried and may not have sufficient reserves on board to make it to the surface before they run out.
		The radicle protrudes from the seed coat, and germination is accomplished in barley.
	koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu /Plants_Human/seedgerm.html (1724 words)

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