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Topic: Gernika oak

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	Vizcaya Natural Reserves
		Inland, Gernika is situated at the vertex of this enormous delta.
		Gernika is the town immortalised by Picasso in his painting of the bombing raids perpetrated during the Civil War.
		It is also the town where in ancient times the Lords of Vizcaya took their decisions in the shade of a large oak tree, the Oak of Gernika.
	www.in-spain.net /information/paisvasco/vizcaya/vizcaya_natural_reserves.htm (1196 words)

	Bilbao - Inland \| Footprint Guides
		Although it was claimed by some that Gernika was a legitimate military target, this was not the case; in any event, no targets of military value were hit.
		The building’s highlight is the massive stained-glass roof depicting the oak tree, which is outside by the porch.
		Gernika sits at the head of the estuary of the Oka river, a varied area of tidal sandflats and riverbank ecology that is home to a huge amount of wildlife.
	www.footprintguides.com /Bilbao/Inland.php (2562 words)

	Road to Santiago \| September 26, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		Gernika (also spelled Guernica) is familiar to many of us, by way of a giant mural painted by Pablo Picasso.
		During the Spanish Civil War, the Basques were against Franco and the Nationalists; hence, the cause of the brutal destruction of Gernika.
		It seems that a fungus had been the cause of the blight and they were removing and replacing all the soil to allow the next ancient oak to become a real, ancient one.
	www.roadtosantiago.info /journal_2004/journal_04.09.26.html (845 words)

	Guernica - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		Guernica or Guernica y Luno (Basque Gernika-Lumo, pronounced in SAMPA [ger"nika]) is a small city in the Spanish Basque Country that was the meeting place of the Biscayne assembly under an oak tree, the Gernikako Arbola, which was a symbol of traditional freedoms of the Basque people.
		Outside the Basque lands the city is best known as the scene of an early instance of aerial bombing by the German Luftwaffe (Condor Legion) on April 26, 1937, during the Spanish Civil War (see Bombing of Guernica).
		It is also home to the Gernika Jai Alai, one of the main courts for the jai alai sport.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Guernica (297 words)

	General Assemblies of Biscay. The Assembly House of Gernika. Tree of Gernika (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		The tree that provided shelter or shade for the early Assemblies of the Seigniory of Biscay has become, in time, the symbol of the permanence of a nation and its institutions against the historical ups and downs that the Basques have experienced in their existence as a community.
		Though not the first of the Trees of Gernika, the trunk of the "Old Tree", which stands in the garden of the Casa de Juntas (Assembly House), is the remains of the oldest preserved tree.
		The successor to the "Old Tree" was planted in 1860 and remained outside the entrance to the oath-taking tribune until 2004, the year in which its life cycle ended and it had to be substituted.
	www.jjggbizkaia.net /english/casa_juntas/arbol_gernika.asp (379 words)

	Busturialdea. Inland Biscay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		The town of Gernika, the historical capital of Biscay, stands on a plain across which flows the Oka River, whose wide mouth forms the Mundaka river estuary.
		Gernika is home to one of the most representative symbols of Biscay; the Tree and the Council House of Gernika, symbols of the special privileges of the people of Biscay and by extension of the Basque people as a whole.
		Gernika and Lumo eventually joined to become the township of Gernika, founded by a grant issued in 1366.
	web.bizkaia.net /Bizkaia_Informazioa/English/general_information/routes_and_places/i1bustur.htm (820 words)

	(GCYMTW) Gernicako Arbola by xaubet
		Under this oak the first Meetings of the Señorío of Biscay took place and with time it became the symbol of the town and the Basque institutions.
		Thus it was when in 1860 the successor of the well-known "Old Tree" was planted and that it remained to the front of the tribune from where the charges are sworn until 2004, year in which finished its vital cycle and had to be replaced.
		The caprices of the fortune did that a centenary scion of Gernika's authentic tree survives nowadays in Arenys de Munt where it arribed thanks to the eccentricities of a nobleman at the end of the 19th century.
	www.geocaching.com /seek/cache_details.aspx?guid=2adec9fe-8be9-47ad-8276-041d956fa3ae (1214 words)

	General Assemblies of Biscay. The Assembly House in Gernika (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		These meetings were held under the Tree of Gernika and were called the General assemblies of Biscay.
		The Assembly House and the Tree of Gernika are presented to us like living symbols of the history of the Basque people.
		Headquarters of the highest institutional body in Biscay, the building rises beside the revered oak tree, a meeting point for all the territories in the Basque Country, united by a single cultural and ethnographic tradition that transcends all kinds of political frontiers.
	www.jjggbizkaia.net /english/casa_juntas/index.asp (182 words)

	Ingeleraz: Remembering Gernika (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		To the world it may be easy to remember the events that took place that market day in Gernika on one stark line, not so to the Basques.
		To us Gernika represents the heart of the Basque Country, just last week we mourned the death of our Gernikako Arbola, our Oak of Gernika, the tree that embodies the Basque freedoms and laws, the same tree that survived the attack by the Luftwaffe's Kondor Legion.
		At the end of the day up to 1,600 innocent civilians were dead, but the Basque resolve to face totalitarism and the Oak of Gernika stood up, solid.
	txikilike.blogspot.com /2004/04/remembering-gernika.html (260 words)

	Wikipedia: Guernica
		Guernica or Guernica y Luno (Basque Gernika-Lumo, pronounced like Gayr NEE ka or SAMPA [gernika]) is a small city in the Basque region of Spain that was the meeting place of the Biscayne assembly under an oak tree, the Gernikako Arbola, which was a symbol of traditional freedoms of the Basque people.
		The city is best known as the scene of an early instance of aerial bombing by the German Luftwaffe (Condor Legion) on April 26, 1937, during the Spanish Civil War.
		Diplomats, however, told journalists that they believed the United States leaned on UN officials to cover the tapestry, rather than have it in the background while Powell or other U.S. diplomats argued for war on Iraq.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/g/gu/guernica.html (618 words)

	The Tree and Assembly House at Gernika (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		In the parish of Lumo there was an oak grove with a small chapel nearby, the Oath-Taking Church of Nuestra Señora Santa María La Antigua (The Old Church of Our Lady St. Mary).
		It was the custom for the General Assembles of Biscay to meet around the Tree of Gernika, although from the 18th century onwards, these meetings were held inside the small church nearby.
		The General Assemblies, which met in Gernika and whose first documented reference dates from 1308, was the central hub of the political system in Biscay.
	web.bizkaia.net /bizkaia_informazioa/English/general_information/overview/i1ARBOL.HTM (886 words)

	Gentlemans Military Interest Club > Gernika, yesterday and today
		Gernika was a small Bask town in the very north of Spain.On the 26th of April 1937 at 4:30 in the afternoon the German Luftwaffe bombed the town to rubble at the behest of Franco (the German spanish cross was awarded to the German military men who participated in this and other actions in Spain).
		In ancient times the Bask would gather at a sacred oak tree and the leaders would be elected and take thier oaths of office under its boughs.
		The tree that replaced it was a seedling from that tree and was the meeting place at the time of the gernika bombing.
	www.gmic.co.uk /lofiversion/index.php/t1318.html (1477 words)

	PENSION MADARIAGA -
		Gernika lost the actions against Lumo and, as a result, it never got to exceed 30,000m2 of extension.
		Gernika and Lumo were independent municipalities and their joining was polemic and extensively argued about for, Gernika being a villa and Lumo a porch, they were juridically incompatible.
		In the heat of the Spanish civil war and when the raised forces of general Franco were carrying out their offensive on Biscay, the villa of Gernika-Lumo suffered an air raid that led it to become an international image against warlike barbarism.
	www.pensionmadariaga.com /paginas/castellano/historia.htm (1801 words)

	Snapshots & Sounds, Picasso's War, Russell Martin, Author
		The regional market in Gernika has been entirely rebuilt in the decades since the 1937 attack, and every Monday it remains the focus of activity in the modern and once-again thriving town.
		The citizens of the town of Gernika have installed a ceramic replica of the painting on a wall near the Basque assembly hall.
		A group of schoolgirls in Gernika, who reported that their town was famous for football, beautiful boys, the sacred oak, and oh, yes, a painting by Picasso from very long ago.
	www.picassoswar.com /research.html (602 words)

	Rachel Newberry's Blog
		There was always an oak tree around which the community members met, and its descendants have been planted in the same area around the Junto for as long as meetings have been held there.
		Traditionally it is under that Oak (Roble in castillian) that the kings of Spain have promised and continued to ratify the independent government of El Pais Vasco, even though it is still a part of Spain.
		For this symbolism of the Gernika tree as Basque pride, and other crazy reasons, Franco ordered the bombing of Gernika against the civillian population (he chose monday morning, which was and is market morning, when the greatest number of citizens would be in the center of town).
	www.rachelnewberry.com /Newbs/RachelBlog.nsf/stories/FunTimesinElPaisVasco?opendocument (1342 words)

	Guernica - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		Guernica or Guernica y Lumo (Basque Gernika-Lumo, pronounced in IPA: /geɾ'nika/) is a small city in the Spanish Basque Country that was the meeting place of the Biscayne assembly under an oak tree, the Gernikako Arbola, which was a symbol of traditional freedoms of the Basque people.
		The oak tree, which had lived since 1860 died in June of 2004.
		The sapling which had been set to become the official Gernikako Arbola is also sick so the tree will not be replaced until the earth around the site has been refreshed.
	www.marylandheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Guernica (412 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		Gernika, a town regarded as the spiritual centre of the traditional Basque Country, is located in Biscay.
		In the Early Middle Ages, the history of Biscay cannot be separated from that of the Basque Country as whole, being de facto independent although Visigoths and Franks attempted once and again to stabilish their domination.
		The Lords and later the kings, came to swear the Statutes to the oak of Gernika, where the assembly of the Lordship was reunited.
	www.gamecheatz.net /games.php?title=Bizkaia (2029 words)

	Independent, The (London): Pride and prejudice
		For centuries, villagers from the mountains and valleys of the Basque country have made the solemn pilgrimage to the town of Gernika, to stand beneath an ancient oak tree and defend their rights and liberties - and demand homage from the kings of Spain.
		But a new oak is growing nearby, nurtured from an acorn produced by the 144-year-old tree.
		The parliament of Gernika is among the oldest in Europe."
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20040511/ai_n12783248 (1437 words)

	EiTB24.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		The meetings to discuss the problems of the Basque territory were held under the shade of the emblematic Oak of Gernika in the ancient times.
		The Tree of Gernika has spread beyond the geographical limits of Biscay to become a reference point for the whole of the Basque Country.
		The Oak of Gernika by William Wordsworth, 1810
	www.eitb24.com /noticia_en.php?id=41816 (257 words)

	World War 2 Panorama: Gernika - Landmarks of WWII in Fullscreen 360 QTVR panorama (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		This is the memorial to the ‘Gernika battalion’ who fought the nazis at Ponte de Grave on 1945 April 14.
		The place it stands on was spared during the bombing, along with the nearby oak tree, reportedly because of the smoke that covered them.
		Though it is not the kind of picture one might put there just for decorative purposes the painting by Picasso is everywhere to be seen here: it is apparent in particular’s households, official buildings, bars and restaurants, façades… It punches to the stomach, reopens wounds, causes pain.
	ww2panorama.org /panoramas/gernika (931 words)

	Biosphere reserves in focus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		The Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve is located in the Euro Siberian region, on the Bay of Biscay coast, in the north of the Iberian Peninsula.
		The craggy inside-countryside is occupied by meadow land, oak groves, leafy woods and specially fast-growing conifers.
		The coastal landscape is covered with Cantabrian woods of holm oak and strawberry trees, along the edges of the Mundaka estuary.
	www.unesco.org /mab/br/focus/2005May/focus.htm (429 words)

	Bilbao & the Basque Country Features \| Fodor's Online Travel Guide
		The planes of the Nazi Luftwaffe were sent with the blessings of General Franco to experiment with saturation bombing of civilian targets and to decimate the traditional seat of Basque autonomy.
		More than a thousand people were killed in the bombing, and today Gernika remains a symbol of independence in the heart of every Basque, known to the world through Picasso's famous canvas (now in Madrid's Centro de Arte Reina Sofía).
		One point of interest, however, is the stump of the sacred oak, which finally died several decades ago, in the courtyard of the Casa de Juntas (a new oak has been planted alongside the old one) -- the object of many a pilgrimage.
	www.fodors.com /miniguides/mgresults.cfm?destination=bilbao@254&cur_section=fea&feature=30009 (2137 words)

	Basque Country information - Bizkaia, Spain - Car hire
		Its marsh lands and holm oak trees provide shelter to species of birds not normally found on the peninsula.
		At the entrance to the estuary stands GERNIKALUMO, a highly symbolic Basque town, and home of the Gernika Oak Tree, under which the Bizkaian Juntas Generales would meet, an event which lasted until the charters were abolished in 1876.
		Gernika is also unfortunately well known as a result of the 1937 bombing which virtually razed the town to the ground, an event which Picasso was later to portray in his famous painting.
	www.carmalaga.com /informacion-basque/bizkaia.htm (2020 words)

	Casa de Juntas, Guernica y Luno
		The Casa de Juntas, built in 1824-33 around the old oak, is now the meeting-place of the provincial assembly of Vizcaya.
		Adjoining the council chamber is a chapel faced with colored tiles depicting the lords and the Estates of Vizcaya.
		Behind the building is a tall oak, grown from a seedling of the original tree in 1860.
	www.planetware.com /guernica-y-luno/casa-de-juntas-e-vasc-casjun.htm (145 words)

	oak woods of mountain Arno
		Some of the best areas of Cantabrian oak woods in the Basque Country, mainly in mountain Arno, between Mendaro and Mutriku (There is an EuskoTren bus line between Mendaro and Mutriku).
		In Azkoitia, the Intxausti palace, where the Real Sociedad Vascongada de Amigos del País was founded in 1765; and the houses with coats of arms of Balda, Etxe Beltz or Floreaga; the Townhall and the Asunción church, typical Basque gothic style.
		Together with the oak woods of Urdaibai, they are the most extensive oak woods in the Basque coast.
	www.euskotren.es /english/transporte/09.html (641 words)

	FruitLover Guernica y Luno Travel Page - VirtualTourist.com
		The Tree of Gernika is the most universal symbol for the Basque people.
		The present oak tree was planted in 2005 and directly descends from the Tree beneath which the Meetings (Juntas) had been held.
		Gernika was a target of the massive bombing by Hitler's Legio'n Condor, at the request of Franco, on April 1937.
	members.virtualtourist.com /m/a43ef/41069 (329 words)

	Gernikako Arbola - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		Gernikako Arbola ("the Guernica tree" in Basque) is an oak tree that symbolizes traditional freedoms for the Biscayne people, and by extensions the Basque people.
		An oak tree is depicted in the heraldic arms of Biscay.
		An oak leaf logo is being used by the local government of Biscay.
	www.grohol.com /psypsych/Gernika_oak (269 words)

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