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	Apella - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The presiding officers were at first the kings, but in historical times the ephors, and the voting was conducted by shouts; if the president was doubtful as to the majority of voices, a division was taken and the votes were counted.
		The apella was responsible for electing men to the gerousia for life.
		Moreover, the gerousia always had the power to veto the decision of the apella.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Apella (462 words)

	Gerousia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Theoretically, any Spartan citizen of the right age could stand but in practice members were selected from the most important aristocratic families.
		The Gerousia prepared motions or rhetrai for the wider citizen assembly, the Apella, to vote on.
		The Gerousia could also veto motions passed by the Apella and was consulted by the ephors in matters of interpretation of the law.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gerousia (150 words)

	gerousia -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The gerousia prepared business to be submitted to the apella and had extensive judicial powers, being the only Spartan court that...
		Not empowered to initiate proposals, the body considered subjects forwarded by the ephors or gerousia (council of elders).
		It appeared during a transition to democracy when the aristocratic gerousia (q.v.) was...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9036602?tocId=9036602&query=apella (342 words)

	International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In Acts 5:21, "called the council together and all the senate of the children of Israel." The Greek gerousia, is here evidently used as a more precise equivalent of the foregoing "council" (sunedrion), to which it is added by kai, explicative.
		This term gerousia occurs in Septuagint Exodus 3:16, etc., and in 1 Macc 12:6; 2 Macc 1:10; 4:44 of the supreme council of the Jews (see GOVERNMENT).
		Originally, like the gerousia of the Jews, the representatives of families and clans (gentes), the senators were subsequently the ex-magistrates, supplemented, to complete the tale of members, by representatives of patrician (in time also of plebeian) families selected by the censor.
	www.searchgodsword.org /enc/isb/print.cgi?number=T7808 (272 words)

	Scroll 63: Ancient Sparta
		In addition, the Gerousia enacted measures that were written by the Assembly but the Gerousia could also overturn any of these measures if they did not like them.
		The Gerousia also formulated their own proposals that would be submitted to the Assembly for their approval.
		If the Gerousia felt a proposal would be rejected, they would withdraw it and resubmit it when they had taken time to garner more support within the Assembly.
	www.geocities.com /delphius2002/id93.htm (6437 words)

	The Spartan Clan :: About
		They are appointed by a vote of the Gerousia and they serve until resignation or impeachment.
		The requirements for membership in the Gerousia are that you are a member of the assembly and that you have shown outstanding skill in computer games and/or outstanding membership qualities.
		Homoioi must be appointed to the assembly by a vote of the Gerousia.
	www.freewebs.com /thespartanclan/about.htm (595 words)

	GEROUSIA - LoveToKnow Article on GEROUSIA
		These powers, or at least the greater part of them, were transferred by Cleomenes III.
		I); the gerousia, however, continued to exist at least down to Hadrians reign, consisting of twenty-three members annually elected, but eligible for re-election (Sparta Museum Catalogue, Nos.
		Fuller discussions of the gerousia will be found in Aristotle, Politics, ii.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /G/GE/GEROUSIA.htm (333 words)

	Gerousia - OneLook Dictionary Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		We found one dictionary with English definitions that includes the word Gerousia:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "Gerousia" is defined.
		GEROUSIA : 1911 edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=Gerousia&ls=a (70 words)

	[No title]
		On the other hand the Gerousia was more than a mere club for the older citizens; it had various powers, and performed various duties which gave it considerable influence, and the Senate, the Demos, and the Gerousia often united in the preamble to honorary decrees\75/.
		A resolution of the Gerousia had some analogy to a senatus auctoritas, a decree vetoed by a tribune and therefore devoid of legal force, yet having the weight naturally attaching to the mere opinion of a body so influential and respected.
		The members of the Gerousia, then, were not arranged according to tribes, as we saw that the members of the Laodicean senate were during the first century at least; but some other system of classification prevailed.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /gopher/other/courses/rels/735/anatolia/Ramsay3 (14269 words)

	untitled
		Supposedly a democratic innovation, elected by the warriors, but largely under the control of the Gerousia and served as a check and balance to the kings.
		Received foreign embassies and introduced them to the assembly, convened meetings of Gerousia and Apella, introduced legislation, controlled lesser magistrates, formed a court with the Gerousia, and responsible for general supervision of education of the young.
		Gerousia (28 members selected by Apella from pool of 60 year old war veterans).
	web.ics.purdue.edu /~rauhn/spartatext.htm (2279 words)

	Discplinary Procedures
		The matter must be taken to the Chair of the Younger Directorate, who will deal with it if it is within his/her power to do so, if not then (s)he will escalate through the established channels to the Gerousia.
		The petitioner must bring the matter directly to the attention of the Praetor, or, if the accusee is the Praetor then the Stragetoi.
		If the petitioner is not Ventrue then (s)he may request to be present at the hearing, this is not however guaranteed.
	ethan.kristopher.tripod.com /neonates/id12.html (272 words)

	Protocol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Gerousia (loosely translated at council of elders) or Board effectively adjudicates Ventrue concerns in the city.
		Once a Ventrue ascends to the Gerousia's ranks, he cannot be removed except under the most dire of circumstance (as determined by the clan ephors)
		If it so chooses, the council can demand that a clan member cease his or her efforts in a particular area, and it can enforce the demand as it sees fit.
	www.fataladdiction.com /ventrue/organization.html (1065 words)

	Spartan Government (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		There were two hereditary kingships, the Gerousia - a council of twenty-eight plus two people, the Ephorate - a group of five magistrates called ephors, and the assembly, which every Spartan citizen (Spartiate) over 18 could participate in.
		The kings were the leaders of the army, but after a dispute between the two kings in 508 BC, only one was allowed out with an army at any one time.
		The Gerousia, or council of elders, were elected by the assembly and consisted of men aged over 60, and thus no longer liable for military service.
	www.historywalker.com /officialpaper/1/HistGrSpa.html (401 words)

	Librarium Online - SM equivalent to 60 yr. old humans
		Secondly, the Spartans were also raised to be unquestioningly obedient to the city state and to the chain of command while they were at the same time given a say in certain matters.
		The Ecclesia, when summoned by the Gerousia or Ephors, had one responsibility alone: to vote "yes" or "no" on the matters and plans presented to them, and even then the Gerousia can veto their vote if they felt it is in the best interest of the chapter (this rarely happens).
		The job of the Ephors is to supervise the training of the chapters battle brothers and, as representatives of the general assembly, have a strong influence upon the Kings' plans and decisions.
	www.librarium-online.com /forums/printthread.php?t=36139&pp=40 (1897 words)

	Wikinfo \| Classical definition of republic
		There is the Spartan model, which had a tripartite form of government which is a combination of kings, gerousia (aristocracy) and the assembly of all the males (democratic body).
		With Rome copying Sparta, there is the Roman model that has a civilian head, and an aristocratic body which is the Senate and smaller assemblies representing the citizens.
		Members of the Gerousia were appointed for life from the head of the aristocratic families.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Classical_definition_of_republic (6329 words)

	The Spartan Clan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Kings - The two kings in the Spartan Clan are the two best overall players in Gerousia.
		Gerousia - The thirty members of the Gerousia are elected by the assembly.
		Perioikoi must be appointed to the Assembly by a vote of the Ephors and Kings.
	www.codeforge.net /hyphen/tsc/history.htm (595 words)

	gerousia -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		The gerousia prepared business to be submitted to the apella and had extensive judicial powers, being the only Spartan court that could pronounce sentence of death or exile.
		Its members, the gerontes (“elders”), whose number was fixed at 30, including the two kings, were chosen for life by acclamation of the citizens from among candidates who had reached age 60.
		"gerousia." Britannica Concise Encyclopedia from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9036602 (392 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Sparta is governed by a king, 5 officials called Ephors, and the Gerousia.
		The Gerousia is made up of 28 elders and a retired king.
		The Ephors were elected by citizens to a one year term, and a lifetime membership to the Gerousia.
	www.isd196.k12.mn.us /Schools/gl/Greece/military.html (481 words)

	ipedia.com: Classical definition of republic Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		A republic, in the classical form, is a type of government that is made up of a mixture of the best elements of the monarchy, aristocracy and democracy.
		There is the Spartan model which is a tri-political government of two kings, gerousia (aristocracy) and Ephors (democratic body).
		There is the Roman model that has a civilian head, and an aristocratic body which is the Senate.
	www.ipedia.com /classical_definition_of_republic.html (3861 words)

	Ventrue Clan Structure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		As a general rule, Ventrue do not compete directly with one another for the same contacts and resources.
		Every Ventrue in the city should attend these conferences, because the clan discusses new and old business, hears complaints and reports, and the Gerousia passes down messages, edicts or announcements from the upper reaches of the clan hierarchy.
		Despite the honor and dignitas associated with serving on the Gerousia, the council has very little formal power.
	users.zoominternet.net /~cosvamplarp/ventruestructure.htm (1066 words)

	gerousia -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer!
		gerousia -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer!
		The gerousia prepared business submitted to the apella and had extensive judicial powers: it alone pronounced sentences of death or exile.
		Its 30 members, the gerontes (“elders”), including the two kings, were chosen for life by acclamation of the citizens from among candidates of age 60 or older.
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9365510 (82 words)

	The Guild - The Gerousia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Please if you are not part of the Gerousia we kindly request NOT to post here...
		I have 4 (for now, may get more later) Gmail account invites to give away if anyone from the HTW team wishes to have one.
		Quote[/b] ]Please if you are not part of the Gerousia we kindly request not to post here...
	forums.totalwar.org /vb/printthread.php?t=33508 (468 words)

	Bored of Studies - A few queries on Spartan Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Ecclesia--> is it true they had no freedom of speech and that all they did was agree/disagree with proposals (but in the end, the gerousia had the right to veto any of their decisions anyway?)
		the Gerousia had no obligation to listen to wat they said
		Gerousia had the most power, it also included the kings.
	www.boredofstudies.org /community/printthread.php?t=42823 (1015 words)

	Report to the Gerousia: A Spartan's View of Athens and It's People (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		An old, untitled, document regarding a Spartan's view of Athenians, for a foundations of western culture class.
		My wise Gerousia, You have told me to visit Athens and gather information on the Athenians.
		I have done so and am writing this report to try to describe to you Athenian society.
	strivinglife.net /articles/gerousiareport.shtml (147 words)

	GEROUSIA (Gr. yepovo'ia, Doric yepwta) - Online Information article about GEROUSIA (Gr. yepovo'ia, Doric yepwta)
		yepovo'ia, Doric yepwta) - Online Information article about GEROUSIA (Gr.
		I); the gerousia, however, continued to exist at least down to See also:
		KaraXoyos, a register, from Karalyety, to enrol or pick out)
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /GEO_GNU/GEROUSIA_Gr_yepovoia_Doric_yepw.html (482 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Dual kingship dominated by gerousia (oligarchy of elders)
		Council of Elders (gerousia) consisted of 28 men over 60 years old + 2 kings
		Proposals from gerousia sumitted to assembly of all adult free males
	artsandscience.concordia.ca /clas240gh/lectures/lecture05_txt.html (1136 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Book of Judith
		And these facts will undoubtedly afford an explanation of the apparent allusion to the captivity; it was indeed a Restoration, but that of Manasses, not that under Esdras.
		The reference, too, to the Sanhedrin is doubtful; the term gerousia is used of the "ancients" in Lev., ix, 3, etc. Lastly, Conder's identification of Bethulia with Mithilia (loc.
		Moreover, the writer who described the strategical position in iv, 1-6, knew the geography of Palestine thoroughly.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08554a.htm (2145 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, page 571 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		On this page: Geraerae – Geranos – Germani – Gerousia
		GEROUSIA (yepova-ia), the council of elders (76poi/res), was the name of the Senate in most Doric states, and was especially used to signify the Senate at Sparta.
		In connection with this subject it is proposed to give a general view of the Spartan constitution, and to explain the functions of its legislative and administrative elements.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-dgra/0578.html (791 words)

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