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	Gerrit Smith
		Gerrit Smith was a widely known philanthropist and social reformer who ran for President in 1848.
		Gerrit Smith was a financial supporter of John Brown, and was implicated in the raid on Harper's Ferry.
		Gerrit Smith was a candidate for President in 1848, 1856 and 1860.
	www.nps.gov /wori/gsmith.htm (571 words)

	Gerrit Smith - LoveToKnow 1911
		GERRIT SMITH (1797-1874), American reformer and philanthropist, was born in Utica, New York, on the 6th of March 1 797.
		In religion as in politics Gerrit Smith was a radical.
		Believing that sectarianism was sinful, he separated from the Presbyterian Church in 1843, and was one of the founders of the Church at Peterboro, a non-sectarian institution open to all Christians of whatever shade of belief.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Gerrit_Smith (523 words)

	Gerrit Smith: Biographical Information
		Gerrit Smith was a widely known philanthropist and social reformer of the mid-nineteenth century.
		Their son, Gerrit Smith Miller placed the papers of Peter and Gerrit Smith in the care of Syracuse University in 1928, twelve years before the family mansion and its contents were destroyed in a fire.
		Smith was a financial supporter of John Brown's military activity in Kansas, and was implicated in his raid on Harper's Ferry.
	libwww.syr.edu /digital/exhibits/g/GerritSmith/smith.htm (2452 words)

	TOWN OF SMITHFIELD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Smith made this donation in his early life to form the nucleus of a Town Poor Farm, but the difficulties arose relative to using this poor fund in connection with the county "poor moneys," hence the project was abandoned and in 1845 the money denominated the Common School Fund of the town of Smithfield.
		GERRIT SMITH, second son of Peter and Elizabeth Smith, was born in Utica, N. Y., March 6, 1797, and came to Peterboro in advance of his parents in 1806.
		Gerrit Smith's life was so full of events and so intimately related to important movements in the history of the nation during a half century that a complete summary of it is impossible in these pages.
	www.usgennet.org /usa/ny/county/madison/smith1880/smith.htm (7711 words)

	About The Gerrit Smith Broadside Collection \|\| Syracuse University Library
		Gerrit Smith attempted to influence the citizens of Peterboro, Madison County, New York State, the United States, and the World, in every widening concentric circles, through a variety of means.
		Gerrit Smith was, therefore, drawing on a well-known means of influencing public opinion when he authored a broadside "to the Electors of the County of Madison" in 1823-24 using the pseudonym Juvenis.
		Gerrit Smith's broadsides are frequently jeremiads calling upon his fellow citizens to repent of their ways and restore America to her greatness as the "chosen people of God." Individual broadsides, therefore, have an absolutist, almost hectoring, tone.
	library.syr.edu /digital/collections/g/GerritSmith/essay.htm (1437 words)

	Gerrit Smith - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Smith was born in Utica, Oneida County, New York, to Peter Gerrit Smith (1768–1837) and Elizabeth Livingston (1773–1818), daughter of Col.
		In 1840 Smith played a leading part in the organization of the Liberty Party, and in 1848 and 1852 he was nominated for the Presidency by the remnant of this organization that had not been absorbed by the Free Soil Party.
		Smith was in favor of the Civil War, but at its close he advocated a mild policy toward the late Confederate states, declaring that part of the guilt of slavery lay upon the North.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gerrit_Smith (1032 words)

	[No title]
		Gerrit Smith's name is mentioned in connection with the "Central Association," have no hesitation in saying that his statement, that he is not a member of that body, reders it obvious that in this particular, the writer of the pamphlet has fallen into and unintentional error.
		Smith readily admits that his latter to John Brown in your "Manifesto" does no exaggerate his love and admiration of the man, whom, during the many years of his intimate relations with him; both in business and friendship, he was accustomed to regard as unsurpassed, for truthfulness, disinterestednessm and a noble and sublime spirit.
		Smith is often censured by his fellow abolitionists for being on as social and as friendly terms with slaveholders and non-slaveholders.
	www.lysanderspooner.org /letters/LT63.HTM (5994 words)

	"I will be heard!" Abolitionism in America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Gerrit Smith (1797-1874) was a wealthy abolitionist from Utica, New York.
		Smith served as Station Master of the Underground railroad and sold portions of his land to fugitive slaves for the nominal fee of one dollar.
		Gerrit Smith was also one of the Secret Six, a group of supporters who gave financial assistance to John Brown for his raid at Harper’s Ferry.
	rmc.library.cornell.edu /abolitionism/abolitionists/Smith.htm (182 words)

	Harvard Gazette: The tortuous road to Harper¹s Ferry
		Smith's plan for Timbucto was not only to make the recipients of his charity economically self-sufficient, but also to empower them politically by giving them enough land to qualify them to vote.
		James McCune Smith was born in New York City and was freed from slavery as a result of the Emancipation Act of the state of New York.
		McCune Smith took Gerrit Smith to task for his backsliding and conservatism, scolding him in a series of letters as the Civil War threatened to tear the nation apart.
	www.news.harvard.edu /gazette/2002/05.09/03-blackhearts.html (1479 words)

	Gerrit Smith (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Peter Smith, was known in the early part of the present century as one of the largest land-holders in the United States.
		Smith was elected to Congress from the twenty-second Congressional district of New York, but resigned at the close of the first or long session, on account of the pressure of his private affairs, and his extreme disrelish for public life.
		Smith published a volume of his "Speeches in Congress," in 1856 ; a volume entitled "Sermons and Speeches by Gerrit Smith," in 1861; and numberless pamphlets and broad sheets.
	www.all-biographies.com /historical/gerrit_smith.htm (1050 words)

	The Oneida Daily Dispatch - Gerrit Smith biographer tells all
		Smith, Dann said, who made his home in Peterboro, is probably known to most people as a famed abolitionist who had ties to the Underground Railroad.
		Smith was never able to live it down, however, as he was mocked by the papers and the public.
		Smith, according to Dann, should not be remembered for his time in a mental institution, but for his work helping escaped slaves to freedom.
	www.oneidadispatch.com /site/news.cfm?newsid=16700025&BRD=1709&PAG=461&dept_id=68844&rfi=6 (895 words)

	Gerrit Smith (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		'''Gerrit Smith''' (March 6, 1797 - December 28, 1874), was a United States reformer, abolitionist, politician, and philanthropist.
		Smith, along with his friend and ally Lysander Spooner, was one of the leading advocates of the United States Constitution as an antislavery document, as opposed to William Lloyd Garrison who believed it was proslavery.
		He was in favour of the Civil War, but at its close he advocated a mild policy toward the late Confederate states, declaring that part of the guilt of slavery lay upon the North.
	gerrit-smith.iqnaut.net (536 words)

	Gerrit Smith, Frederick Douglas and Harriet Tubman: The Anti-Slavery Impulse in the Burned-Over District by John H. ...
		Gerrit Smith (1797-1874) has been mentioned in conjunction with one of the Elmira anti-slavery men, and he is a prime example of how religious enthusiasm between 1820 and 1850 could sweep an individual from one reform to another.
		Smith's father Peter had been a fur trader and an associate of John Jacob Astor in this trade, and he acquired a large tract of Oneida Indian land from New York State, and here in the town of Peterboro his son Gerrit Smith was to live and die.
		Smith turned away from colonization to abolition as a result of the 1835 attack by a mob intent on breaking up an anti-slavery meeting in Utica, a meeting which he then had adjourn to his estate at Peterboro.
	www.crookedlakereview.com /books/saints_sinners/martin14.html (6770 words)

	Miller, Gerrit - Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Gerrit was born on December 6, 1869, in Peterboro, New York, to Gerrit Smith and Susan Miller.
		Gerrit, a zoologist, began by working as assistant curator of mammals in the US National Museum, staying in that position from 1898 until 1909 when he became curator.
		Gerrit was elected to membership in the Washington Biologists’ Field Club in 1901 and terminated his membership in 1910.
	www.pwrc.usgs.gov /resshow/perry/bios/MillerGerrit.htm (155 words)

	Black Hearts of Men Introduction
		Gerrit Smith's correspondence with Frederick Douglass and James McCune Smith represents the largest extant biracial correspondence in antebellum America, and possibly in the nineteenth century.
		As a land baron, Gerrit Smith was also the only character able to connect the world of wealth and power with that of Christian benevolence, militant abolitionism, and the marginalized status of the other three men.
		Gerrit Smith, James McCune Smith, Frederick Douglass, and John Brown were in no way "representative" men in antebellum America, even though they were often defined as such by their admirers.
	www.nathanielturner.com /blackheartsofmen4.htm (2444 words)

	Gerrit Smith
		Smith had been one of the founders of the Liberty Party, and it was he who gave it its name (Kraditor 141).
		After this raid Gerrit Smith, as a result of public criticism of his support for Brown in the Harper's Ferry venture, suffered a mental breakdown that lasted for several months (Merrill V 33).
		Gerrit Smith aided the Union during the Civil War, campaigned for Lincoln in 1864 and for Grant in 1868, and favored a moderate Reconstruction policy.
	www.bchistory.org /beavercounty/booklengthdocuments/AMilobook/22Smith.html (1249 words)

	Black Hearts
		His father, Peter Smith, was a partner of John Jacob Astor in the fur trade and land speculation ventures and eventually acquired nearly a quarter-million acres of undeveloped land scattered across the states of New York, Vermont, Michigan, and Virginia.
		Smith and twenty-five others were indicted for their role in the "Jerry Rescue," but only one was convicted; and the other cases, including Smith's, were later dismissed.
		Gerrit Smith was implicated in Brown's plot of Harper's Ferry.
	www.nathanielturner.com /blackhearts.htm (1617 words)

	Rhetorical Analysis of Gerrit Smith's Speeches and Broadsides
		To study the rhetoric of Gerrit Smith is to study a phenomenological account of a white abolitionist in the 1800s who engaged in what P. Williams refers to as "critical antiracism": "the willingness to spoil a good party and break an encompassing circle, to travel from the safe to the unsafe" (qtd.
		Smith uses as primary evidence that the state is ruined the rebellion of the South, which he says would only be possible in a ruined state.
		Smith also sought to encourage a heightened awareness in white men by attempting to make them understand that the effects of slavery were deeper and more far-reaching than they realized, affecting even their own predispositions.
	web.syr.edu /~mdlattim/GSrhetor.html (2913 words)

	AAP Biography: Smith, G. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Gerrit Smith (1797-1874) inherited a considerable fortune in undeveloped real estate in central and western New York, and supported such reforms as temperance and the abolition of slavery.
		Smith was a founder and frequent candidate of the Liberty party, running for governor of New York on that ticket in 1840, and winning a seat in Congress in 1852.
		Like Douglass, Smith supported John Brown, but psychological pressures caused by the Harper Ferry Raid's failure brought on the first of a series of bi-polar episodes that greatly reduced his subsequent reform activities.
	americanabolitionist.liberalarts.iupui.edu /smithg.htm (211 words)

	uticaOD.com :: The meeting place and marketplace of the Mohawk Valley (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Gerrit Smith was a prominent abolitionist from Peterboro, NY.
		He was inspired to become the president of the New York Anti-Slavery Society after an anti-slavery conference in Utica, NY was disrupted by rioters.
		Smith's estate was a stop on the Underground Railroad for slaves heading to Canada.
	www.uticaod.com /community/halloffame/history/smith_gerrit.htm (154 words)

	Aboard the Underground Railroad-- Gerrit Smith Estate and Land Office
		Gerrit Smith (1797-1874), a nationally prominent and influential abolitionist and social reformer who played a critical role in the operations of the Underground Railroad, lived on this estate and conducted business out of this land office.
		The Smith family had extensive land holdings in New York, and the Land Office, constructed by Peter Smith in 1804, was the administrative focal point of the family's real estate activity and business ventures.
		The Gerrit Smith Estate and Land Office are located in Peterboro, New York at the corner of Nelson and Main Streets.
	www.cr.nps.gov /nr/travel/underground/ny3.htm (377 words)

	HWS: Pulteney St. Survey Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The elder Miller's father, Gerrit Smith, a prominent abolitionist landowner and Congressman, raised Elizabeth in a house that became a station on the Underground Railroad.
		Elizabeth Smith Miller and her daughter, Anne, were the guiding spirits of the Geneva Political Equality Club, which focused on various issues of the day, but women's suffrage chiefly.
		Smith, and is confident that the institution which he has founded will prove its great value in developing the individual capabilities of its students.
	campus.hws.edu /NEW/pss/scrap.html (2663 words)

	Abolitionists recognized - The Washington Times: Culture, etc. - May 20, 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Smith's home was destroyed by fire in 1936, but his land office remains.
		Smith dedicated the use of his personal fortune, his home and his work in the political arena to the abolishment of slavery.
		Gerrit Smith gave away 120,000 acres to 3,000 former slaves so they could meet property requirements for voting.
	www.washtimes.com /culture/20050519-114418-3486r.htm (807 words)

	The Gerrit Smith Broadside Collection \|\| Syracuse University Library
		Smith's outgoing correspondence is not indexed, largely because of its progressive illegibility.
		Included among the publications authored by Gerrit Smith are various circulars, speeches, sermons, and tracts which deal with such topics as abolition, suffrage, temperance, transportation, and the postal system.
		More information about Gerrit Smith can be found in the Gerrit Smith Virtual Museum, and in the Gerrit Smith Papers which hold Smith's correspondence and other publications written by by him and others.
	libwww.syr.edu /digital/collections/g/GerritSmith (338 words)

	GERRIT SMITH COLLECTION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Gerrit Smith (1797-1874) was born at Utica, New York, and moved in 1806 to Peterboro, Madison County, New York, where he spent most of his life.
		Smith believed that abolition could best be achieved by political action, using methods laid down by custom and by law.
		To achieve this end, he was one of the founders of the Liberty Party and in 1840 ran for Governor of New York on the Liberty Party ticket.
	specialcollections.wichita.edu /collections/ms/83-01/83-1-A.HTML (392 words)

	GERRIT SMITH COLLECTION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Gerrit Smith, in the House of Representatives, June 15, 1854.
		Speech of Gerrit Smith on Discriminating Tolls, Made in the Capital at Albany, March 25, 1857, Before the Canal and Railroad Committees of the Senate.
		Gerrit Smith and the Vigilant Association of the City of New York.
	specialcollections.wichita.edu /Collections/ms/83-01/83-1-B.HTML (1907 words)

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