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	Scholem, Gershom Gerhard on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Scholem was the librarian of the Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem and National Library (1923-27), lecturer at the university (1925-32), and professor of Jewish mysticism and kabbalah there from 1933 until his retirement in 1965.
		The Correspondence of Walter Benjamin and Gershom Scholem: 1932-1940.
		A tale of two families: Franz Rosenzweig, Gershom Scholem and the generational conflict around Judaism.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/S/Scholem.asp (418 words)

	Gershom Scholem -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Gershom Scholem (Born Gerhard Scholem, December 5 1897 in (Capital of Germany located in eastern Germany) Berlin, died February 21, 1982 in Jerusalem) was a (A person of German nationality) German-born (additional info and facts about Jewish) Jewish philosopher and historian.
		Scholem was no less attracted by secular and socialist (A policy for establishing and developing a national homeland for Jews in Palestine) Zionism.
		Scholem died in (Capital and largest city of the modern state of Israel; a holy city for Jews and Christians and Muslims; was the capital of an ancient kingdom) Jerusalem in 1982, leaving a widow, Fania Scholem.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/ge/gershom_scholem.htm (1172 words)

	Gershom Scholem -- Gelman Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Gershom Scholem (1897-1982) was founder of the academic discipline on Kabbalah, Jewish mysticism.
		Scholem discovered and interpreted “lost” mystical texts and overcame rationalist contempt that once eclipsed the Kabbalah, which means, “that which is received” in Hebrew.
		Scholem argued that mysticism was at the center of Jewish history and nearly every scholar in the field has worked in his shadow.
	www.gwu.edu /gelman/spec/kiev/treasures/scholem.html (228 words)

	Commentary Magazine - The Greatness of Gershom Scholem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Gershom Scholem, who died two years ago, produced such a far-reaching revolution in our understanding of Judaism that his work cannot yet be assessed in its entirety.
		...Scholem had a vision of the wholeness of Jewish experience, and it was this vision, especially as it affected his deep attachment to Zionism, which acted as the motivation of his stupendous effort of scholarship...
		...Scholem, indeed, was inclined to see the origin of Gnosticism itself in an internal revolt against the "anti-mythological stance" of the Jewish religion, an attempt to put back into the concept of God the color, movement, and narrative interest that had been drained from it by the shift from polytheism to monotheism...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V76I3P39-1.htm (8464 words)

	Gerschom Scholem
		Gershom Scholem was the founder of the scholarly study of Kabbalah.
		Gershom Scholem was born on December 5, 1897 in Berlin, Germany to Arthur Scholem and Betty Hirsch Scholem.
		In Scholem's opinion, medieval Lurianic Kabbalah contributed to the development of the sixteenth century messianic movement Sabbatianism, the neutralization of which Scholem saw as, in turn, playing a major role in the evolution of Hasidism.
	www.personal.psu.edu /users/t/o/tob/503/schol.html (1448 words)

	Commentary Magazine - The Achievement of Gershom Scholem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		...Scholem, who knows the messianic phenomenon and has appreciated its distinctive power from the most intimate familiarity with all its manifestations, is able to penetrate beyond the banalities of the apologists to the profound historical contradictions at the root of the messianic idea...
		...Scholem has the kind of ironic intelligence that delights in contradictions, that can hold the multiple attributes of the subjects it scrutinizes in clear simultaneous view, and that is even capable on occasion of a certain teasing archness, for all its scholarly gravity...
		...GERSHOM SCHOLEM was born in Berlin in 1897, the son of an assimilated bourgeois Jewish family...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V55I4P71-1.htm (6252 words)

	The New Yorker
		Scholem was determined to uncover the more exalted strata of a suppressed tradition, partly to complete and clarify the historical record, and partly to disclose arcane and majestic imaginative constructs, themselves marvels of the human intellect.
		Scholem's brother Werner, against whom the earlier charge of treason had been ameliorated, was again arrested, both as a former Communist and as a Jew; he was finally murdered in Buchenwald in 1940.
		Scholem repeatedly offered refuge to Benjamin, holding out the hope of a post at the Hebrew University; Benjamin repeatedly vacillated, finally admitting to a procrastination "which is second nature to me when it comes to the most important situations in my life." To Scholem's exasperation, Benjamin was contemplating the feasibility of an island off Spain.
	gonsalves.org /favorite/Scholem.htm (4861 words)

	Gershon Scholem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Born to an assimilated Jewish family in Berlin, Gershon Scholem joined the Zionist movement as a student.
		His doctoral thesis was a translation and commentary on an obscure kabbalistic text: this and other studies led to the Kabbalah becoming an established academic discipline.
		Scholem joined the staff of the Hebrew University in 1923, as a librarian (1923-1927), becoming a lecturer (from 1925), and a professor of Jewish mysticism and Kabbalah (1933-1965).
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/biography/scholem.html (247 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: On the Kabbalah (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Gershom Scholem, who died in 1982, remains the biggest gun in kabbalah scholarship, and On the Kabbalah and its Symbolism is perhaps his most accessible book on the subject.
		Scholem presents three fundamental principles on which the Kabbaslistic conceptions of the nature of the TORAH are based: (1) YWVH; (2) TORAH as oganism; (3) Infinite meaning of the divine word.
		Scholem writes, "The rejuvenation of religion repeatedly finds its expression in a return to ancient images and symbols, even when these are 'spiritualized' and transformed into speculative constructions." R. Yanassan Gershom has already succinctly summarised the fifth chapter which deals with the concept of the Golem.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0805202358 (980 words)

	[No title]
		Below you will again see the quote from Scholem, by way of supporting my (and siva's) contentions that 1) Scholem was capable of distinguishing what he believed to be "charlatans" and "scholars" from one another based on their written texts with respect to the kabbalah.
		Gershom Scholem's text labelling Crowley a "charlatan": The many books written on the subject [of Kabbalah] in the 19th and 20th centuries by various theosophists and mystics lacked any basic knowledge of the sources and very rarely contributed to the field, while at times they even hindered the development of a historical approach.
		I hope this sets the record straight and eases fears that Jews such as Gershom Scholem are politically biased or are trying to degrade or demean the writings of non-Jews as a result of racial prejudice.
	www.luckymojo.com /esoteric/religion/judaism/kabbalah/neo-kabbalah/cy200112scholemcharlatans.txt (443 words)

	FORWARD : Summer Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Scholem was for many years known for a Herculean labor, his astounding recovery of an entire lost world of Jewish thought: kabbala.
		Scholem was one of those rare individuals who at an early age decided on a life's course of action and then proceeded, over the next 70 years, to carry it out.
		Scholem may have been "disillusioned" on the road from Berlin to Jerusalem, but he was not thereby stripped of his ideals.
	www.forward.com /issues/2002/02.06.21/arts5.html (1339 words)

	Commentary Magazine - Gershom Scholem: Kabbalah and Counter-History, by David Biale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Many books could be written about the life and works of Gershom Scholem, who is perhaps the greatest Jewish scholar of the century, but David Biale's book happens to be the first devoted to this extraordinary and important figure.
		...And for Scholem, the idea of a balance between the rationalism of the Talmud and the irrationalism of the Kabbalah is combined-as it is in Jung-with an awareness of possible disaster when "overcompensation" leads to an exaggerated swing to irrationality...
		...Scholem's sinuous line of argument, avoiding all simplified positions, may be illustrated from his famous researches on the Zohar, the central document of the Kabbalah...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V68I5P82-1.htm (1758 words)

	Powell's Books - Gershom Scholem: A Life in Letters, 1914-1982 by Gershom Scholem
		Perhaps the greatest scholar of Jewish mysticism in the twentieth century, Gershom Scholem (1897-1982) once said of himself, "I have no biography, only a bibliography." Yet, in thousands of letters written over his lifetime, Scholem's biography does unfold, inscribing a life that epitomized the intellectual ferment and political drama of an era.
		In the letters, we witness the travails and vicissitudes of the Scholem family, a drama in which Gershom is banished by his father for his anti-kaiser Zionist sentiments; his antiwar, socialist brother is hounded and murdered; and his mother and remaining brothers are forced to emigrate.
		We see Scholem's friendships with some of the most intriguing intellectuals of the twentieth century — such as Hannah Arendt, Walter Benjamin, and Theodor Adorno — blossom and, on occasion, wither.
	www.powells.com /cgi-bin/biblio?inkey=62-0674006429-2 (539 words)

	Alibris: Gershom G Scholem
		Scholem guides readers through the central themes in the intricate history of the Kabbalah, clarifying the relations between mysticism and established religious authority, the mystics' interpretation of the Torah and their attempts to discover the hidden meaning underlying Scripture, the tension between the philosophical and mystical concepts of...
		Gershom Scholem was a teenager when he and Walter Benjamin became close friends.
		Scholem traces the evolution of the messianic idea, describes the pivotal moments in Jewish history since ancient times, and analyzes its transformation in modern religious movements.
	www.alibris.com /search/books/author/Gershom_G_Scholem (786 words)

	Breaching the 'Walls of Captivity': Gershom Scholem's Studies of Jewish Mysticism - Questia Online ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Scholem's early search both for a scholarly niche and a revision of the overall perception of Judaism culminated in his single-handed creation of Jewish mysticism as an academic discipline.
		One is left with the impression that Scholem as a mature scholar of Jewish mysticism somehow emerged fully grown from the young rebellious son of a highly acculturated German-Jewish family.
		This perplexing impression of Scholem is heightened by a philological approach to his life and work and by a concerted scholarly effort to locate the source of Scholem's fascination with Jewish mysticism in this or that literary, philosophical, theological, or political current.
	www.questia.com /PM.qst?a=o&d=97922526 (349 words)

	Gershom Scholem Biography / Biography of Gershom Scholem Main Biography
		Scholar Gershom Scholem (1897-1982) was a noted authority on Jewish mysticism.
		Born in Berlin, Germany, on December 5, 1897, Gershom Scholem was educated at Berlin, Jena, Bern, and Munich universities.
		Scholem's scholarly achievements were enormous in the field of Jewish mysticism.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-gershom-scholem (236 words)

	The Bard Graduate Center - Digital Showcase: Fourier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		On the Benjamin-Scholem relationship see:Gershom Scholem, ed., The Correspondence of Walter Benjamin and Gershom Scholem, 1932-1940.
		Gershom Scholem and Walter Benjamin enjoyed a decades-long very close intellectual and personal relationship, and Benjamin’s discussions of or allusions to Jewish and mystical themes was clearly shaped by this interaction.
		Scholem is extensively responsible for initiating the increasingly widespread interest in Kabbalah in both academic and popular spheres within the past decades, and with Adorno was responsible for publication of Benjamin’s works acting as an intellectual heir.
	www.bgc.bard.edu /academic/projects/pmiller/mov/fourier.html (3604 words)

	MyJewishLearning.com - Ideas & Belief: Challenging the Master
		One of Scholem’s central assertions is that Kabbalah itself was the result of the exposure of Rabbinic Judaism to Gnosticism, a dualistic philosophy and path to salvation of Greek and Persian origin.
		Scholem depicted Rabbinic Judaism as “strangely dry and sober.” “The ritual of Rabbinic Judaism,” Scholem has written, “makes nothing happen and transforms nothing.” Rabbinic Judaism’s concerns, according to Scholem, are strictly legalistic, and thus one step removed from the living source of spiritual inspiration.
		Scholem believes that the trauma of the exile from Spain and the messianic longings which this event aroused are reflected in the ARI’s Kabbalistic cosmology, with its emphasis on catastrophe (the breaking of the vessels) and tikkun which will bring the Messiah.
	www.myjewishlearning.com /ideas_belief/Kabbalah_and_Mysticism/Overview_Modern_Times/The_Academic_Study_Of_Mysticism/Mysticism_IdelSch_Oden.htm (1361 words)

	Judaism: A tale of two families: Franz Rosenzweig, Gershom Scholem and the generational conflict around Judaism - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The four Scholem sons epitomize, in microcosm, the diversity of German Jewry at the beginning of the century.
		Gershom, born in Berlin in 1897, was the only one to become a Zionist, and he, alone, among his brothers, possessed a drive to learn more about Judaism.
		The role occupied by the brothers, in Scholem's case, was filled by the cousins in Rosenzweig's.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0411/is_n3_v42/ai_14234292 (1250 words)

	AllRefer.com - Gershom Gerhard Scholem (Judaism, Biography) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Gershom Gerhard Scholem[ger´shOm ger´hArt shO´lum] Pronunciation Key, 1897–1982, Jewish scholar, b.
		Scholem was the librarian of the Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem and National Library (1923–27), lecturer at the university (1925–32), and professor of Jewish mysticism and kabbalah there from 1933 until his retirement in 1965.
		See his autobiography, From Berlin to Jerusalem (1980); A. Skinner, Gershom Scholem: A Life in Letters, 1914–1982 (2002); study by D. Biale (2d ed.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/Scholem.html (310 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Origins of the Kabbalah (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Gershom Scholem's Origins of the Kabbalah provides a painstakingly detailed history of Kabbalah's rise among medieval French and Spanish Jews, describes the first publication of Jewish mystical texts, and investigates the growth of their influence on Jewish religious life.
		Scholem continues with the fascinating history of the Kabbalah with a study of Isaac the Blind, one of the greatest early interpreters from Provençe.
		Scholem has obviously done alot of research into this field and is considered one of the leading authorities in it.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0691020477 (753 words)

	The Germanic Review: Gershom Scholem, Hannah Arendt, and the scandal of Jewish particularity.(Theme Issue on Gershom ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Gershom Scholem, Hannah Arendt, and the scandal of Jewish particularity.(Theme Issue on Gershom Scholem)
		Gershom Scholem and Hannah Arendt examined the meaning of German Jewish political action in the world outside Judaism, although their different answers to this question led to the end of their friendship.
		Both criticized German Jews for the self-delusion which led to the Nazis acquiring political power, although Scholem felt theological language needed to control the political realm while Arendt characterized Jews as refusing to see themselves as separate and despised figures.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:19410896&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (231 words)

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