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	Gertrude Bell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gertrude Margaret Lowthian Bell (July 14, 1868–July 12, 1926) was a British woman who had a major hand in creating the country of Iraq.
		Bell was born in, County Durham, England to a family of great affluence.
		In 1905, Bell was again in the Middle East and traveled widely, studying local ruins and staying with both the Druzes and and meeting many Arab chieftains, emirs and sheiks.
	www.eastcleveland.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Gertrude_Bell (796 words)

	Gertrude Bell -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bell travelled to (A theocratic islamic republic in the Middle East in western Asia; Iran was the core of the ancient empire that was known as Persia until 1935; rich in oil; involved in state-sponsored terrorism) Iran in May 1892.
		In 1905, Bell was again in the Middle East and traveled widely, studying local ruins and staying with both the Druzes and Beni Sakhr and meeting many Arab chieftains, (An independent ruler or chieftain (especially in Africa or Arabia)) emirs and (The leader of an Arab village or family) sheiks.
		In the autumn of 1918 Bell contracted (An infective disease caused by sporozoan parasites that are transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito; marked by paroxysms of chills and fever) malaria.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/ge/gertrude_bell.htm (1000 words)

	gertrude bell
		Gertrude Bell waited confidently for someone from the sheikh’s entourage to invite her into his tent.
		Bell knew he was also ruthless when it came to dealing with his enemies, and any traveler in the desert not known to be a friend was assumed to be an enemy.
		Bell traveled by camel with a local guide and an entourage with tents, camping and cooking gear, photographic and mapping equipment, and weapons for self-protection.
	www.passionfruit.com /gertrude_bell.html (381 words)

	Furst \| Gertrude Bell and Iraq: Deja Vu All Over Again
		Gertrude Bell traveled all over the Middle East and lived for years in Mesopotamia (as Iraq was then known), where she arguably knew more about what was happening on the ground among the local tribes than anyone else at that time.
		Bell describes and photographs a grand gathering in 1921 at Falluja of Sunni tribal leaders on camels greeting Faisal, and Faisal's swearing allegiance to them, saying their enemies are his enemies and vowing solidarity.
		In her letters Bell reports that the people of Kirkuk in the north are ready to give allegiance to Faisal, but those in Basra have come to her to plead with her government for a separate southern province within a confederation.
	www.unc.edu /depts/diplomat/item/2005/0103/furst/furst_bell.html (3686 words)

	ipedia.com: Gertrude Bell Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It was also Gertrude Bell who persuaded Winston Churchill to appoint Faisal, the recently deposed King of Syria, as the first King of Iraq, and until her death, she was the most senior and important female Civil Servant in the entire British Empire.
		Gertrude Bell was born in Washington Hall County Durham, England to a family of great affluence.
		However, after Paris, Bell was virtually ignored by the British, and was largely bypassed by the world, which caused her to be deeply depressed, especially as she saw so much attention being paid to Lawrence of Arabia, who had, compared to her, been more of a side-show than a serious player in the Arab revolt.
	www.ipedia.com /gertrude_bell.html (474 words)

	Gertrude Margaret Lowthian Bell
		Gertrude Margaret Lowthian Bell was born on July 14, 1868 in Washington Hall Durham County, England.
		Bell spent time on the social round in London and Yorkshire and she traveled extensively in Europe and visited Persia.
		The Gertrude Bell papers consist of around 1,600 letters to her parents and 16 journals, which she kept while she was traveling, and 40 other miscellaneous items.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/information/biography/abcde/bell_gertrude.html (407 words)

	Gertrude Margaret Lowthian Bell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gertrude Bell, a British archaeologist, writer and government official, was born on July 14, 1868 in Durham County, England.
		Gertrude was educated at Lady Margaret Hall, University of Oxford and was the first woman to obtain first-class honors there.
		Bell acquired knowledge of the region which led her into service with the British intelligence during World War I. In 1915 she was appointed to the Arab Bureau in Cairo, which was involved in gathering information useful for mobilizing the Arabs against Turkey.
	www.distinguishedwomen.com /biographies/bell.html (257 words)

	ReadingGroupGuides.com - Desert Queen by Janet Wallach
		Gertrude Bell was born in 1868 at the height of the British Empire, when the British navy ruled the seas and British merchants supplied food and clothing to half the world's population.
		Gertrude Bell was a difficult child: precocious, stubborn, and naughty enough to discourage her nannies from staying on the job.
		The bedouins gave Gertrude Bell the complimentary title of "an honorary male." When she was in the desert, she was able to march into the tents of the sheikhs.
	www.readinggroupguides.com /guides3/desert_queen1.asp (1134 words)

	Gertrude Bell Biography / Biography of Gertrude Bell Main Biography
		Gertrude Bell (1868-1926) was the best known traveler in the Middle East and Arabia in the years before World War I. The British intelligence bureau in Cairo hired her as an advisor on Arabia.
		Gertrude Bell was born into a wealthy family in the English county of Durham on July 14, 1868.
		Bell traveled to the Middle East for the first time in 1892 to visit her uncle, who was the British ambassador to Tehran in Persia (now Iran).
	www.bookrags.com /biography-gertrude-bell (234 words)

	The Gertrude Bell Project
		Gertrude Bell (1868-1926), the subject of this website, was an archaeologist, mountaineer, diplomat of the Middle East, and world traveler.
		Bell became increasingly involved in the archaeological and political affairs of the Middle East from the early 20th century.
		Bell published notably in her own right (some readers have noted that she was a better writer than her biographers).
	chnm.gmu.edu /worldhistorysources/r/57/whm.html (486 words)

	Gertrude Bell and the Birth of Iraq, by Chris Calder [history, Middle East, Transjordan, Jordon, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, ...
		Bell's fascination and affection were returned, and she received a warm welcome from people who might have shot a lone male British explorer.
		Bell's biographer, Janet Wallach, recounts the first journey Bell took from Jerusalem to Damascus in 1900: "In the heart of the mountains called the Jebel Druze, she rode through one tiny village after another, causing a stir as she passed the white-turbaned, fl-robed men.
		Bell was hooked, it was clear, when she wrote at the end of her trip from Damascus, "with the desert almost up to its gates, and the breath of it blowing in with every wind, and the spirit of it passing in through the city gates with every Arab camel driver.
	www.theava.com /04/0526-gertrude-bell.html (2698 words)

	Traveling to Jerusalem with Gertrude Bell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The adventurous archaeologist, writer and administrator in Arabia, Gertrude Bell, was born in 1868 to a prominent family in England.
		Gertrude contributed greatly to the establishment of the Hashimite dynasty and it's first king, Prince Faisal I, in Iraq in 1921.
		As a result of her work, Gertrude is referred to as the "Uncrowned Queen of Iraq," the "Female Lawrence of Arabia" and a "Daughter of the Desert." On July 12, 1926 Gertrude Bell overdosed on sleeping pills and died.
	chass.colostate-pueblo.edu /history/seminar/bell.htm (542 words)

	Noah's Ark Search
		Gertrude Bell - Judi Dagh Cloister Of The Ark Where Moslems, Jews and Christians would gather yearly to Celebrate The Flood Of Noah and their Rescue through the Ark 1909
		Gertrude Bell explored from Aleppo along the banks of the Euphrates River down through Mesopotamia to Baghdad where she turned around and came back up the Tigris River all the way to Turkey, climbed up Cudi Dagh and continued along the Tigris through Diyabikir the entire distance to Konia.
		Gertrude Bell's book, Amurath To Amurath, has many images from 1909 and was published in 1911.
	www.noahsarksearch.com /BellGertrude/BellGertrude.htm (1239 words)

	BookPage Nonfiction Review: Desert Queen
		Born July 14, 1868, the cherished and brilliant daughter of the brilliant and admired Hugh Bell, Gertrude Bell grew up surrounded by the highest examples of "morality, self-discipline and hard work." Despite this fairy-tale environment, adversity tempered her character.
		The Cairo Conference of 1921 underscored the importance of Gertrude Bell's contributions to, and influence on, the political and economical status of the post-World War I Middle East.
		Gertrude Bell first came to Janet Wallach's attention more than 20 years ago, when Wallach was about to make her first visit to the Middle East.
	www.bookpage.com /9610bp/nonfiction/desertqueen.html (636 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Desert Queen : The Extraordinary Life of Gertrude Bell: Adventurer, Adviser to Kings, Ally of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gertrude Bell (1868-1926) had thrice failed and received the consolation prize, a trip to Teheran to visit her uncle, the British envoy there.
		Gertrude Bell was a fascinating woman, doing things that women just didn't do in the early part of this century: meeting Arabian royalty (and bandits and terrorists as well), going places uncharted by European men or women, and becoming something of a heroine to many Arabs of high and low rank.
		By the end, when Bell was doing her most important political work in the construction of modern-day Iraq, I was skimming over the thick accrual of tedious detail that doesn't really bring Bell to life in the way she deserves.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0385495757?v=glance (1963 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| The Guardian \| Miss Bell's lines in the sand
		Sixteen volumes of diaries and about 1,600 letters to her parents, transcribed and posted on the web by the University of Newcastle library (www.gerty.ncl.ac.uk) are a must-read at the Pentagon, less for their portrait of an oriental culture in its last phase as for their perilous mingling of political insight and blind elation.
		Gertrude Margaret Lowthian Bell was born on July 14 1868 in Washington, Co Durham.
		Bell was never liked, either in London or New Delhi, and when Cox left Baghdad in 1923, she lost her bureaucratic protector.
	www.guardian.co.uk /g2/story/0,3604,912266,00.html (2063 words)

	Daughter of the Desert (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Adventurer, archaeologist and Arabist, Gertrude Bell was a counselor to kings and prime ministers; a colleague of Winston Churchill and Lloyd George; a crony of T.E. Lawrence and St. John Philby, and an intimate of Arab sheiks.
		Bell's firsthand knowledge of Iraq and Persia continued to be invaluable during the postwar years.
		She was instrumental in determining the borders of the new nation of Iraq and in choosing its first ruler, Prince Faisal.
	www.smithsonianmag.si.edu /smithsonian/issues98/apr98/bell.html (371 words)

	Gertrude of Iraq \| MetaFilter
		Gertrude Bell - daughter of the desert, Uncrowned Queen of Iraq, Advisor to kings and Ally of Lawrence of Arabia.
		Gertrude Bell was a traveller and mountaineer, recruited by British Intelligence to work in the Middle East during the First World War and, who later worked for the British Government in Baghdad.
		Bell's influence on Middle Eastern politics made her the most powerful woman in the British Empire in the years after World War I.
	www.metafilter.com /mefi/24549 (705 words)

	Bell, Gertrude -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gertrude Bell's brilliant career at Oxford, where she took a first in history in 1887, was followed by some time spent in Tehran, where her uncle Sir Frank Lascelles was British minister.
		American swimmer Gertrude Ederle was the first woman to swim across the English Channel, a feat she accomplished on Aug. 6, 1926.
		She completed the crossing in only 14 hours, 31 minutes, which broke the men's record by 1 hour, 59 minutes, despite the fact that rough seas forced her to swim 35 miles (56 kilometers) to cover the 21-mile (34-kilometer) distance.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9015231?tocId=9015231 (637 words)

	Humbul full record view for -- The Gertrude Bell project
		Gertrude Bell (1868-1926) was an extraordinary traveller, diplomat, archaeologist and photographer in the Middle East in the late 19th and early 20th century and was instrumental in establishing both the modern state of Iraq and the Iraq Museum in Baghdad.
		This fascinating resource, published by the Robinson Library of the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, is an online edition of her letters, diaries and many photographs which provides a vivid insight both into her powerful personality and keen eye for surrounding details and into the world in which in which she lived.
		One drawback of this resource in its present state, which according to the editor is still in a development stage, is that the data is largely presented with little contextual or editorial apparatus to help the casual reader navigate their way through the mass of detail.
	www.humbul.ac.uk /output/full2.php?id=5785 (362 words)

	The Letters of Gertrude Bell (Volume 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gertrude herself in her letters used often to spell the same word in different ways, sometimes because she was trying experiments in transliteration, sometimes deliberately adopting a new way, sometimes because the same word is differently pronounced in Arabic or in Turkish.
		Gertrude Margaret Lowthian Bell, to give her all her names, although she rarely used the second, was born on the 14th July, 1868, at Washington Hall, Co. Durham, the residence of her grandfather, Isaac Lowthian Bell, F.R.S., afterwards Sir Lowthian Bell, Bart.
		Gertrude Bell, happily for her family and friends, was one of the people whose lives can be reconstructed from correspondence.
	www.gutenberg.net.au /ebooks04/0400341h.html (22050 words)

	Desert Queen : The Extraordinary Life of Gertrude Bell: Adventurer, Adviser to Kings, Ally of Lawrence of Arabia \| ...
		Gertrude Bell was astounding in her grasp of policies and protocol which allowed her entre into a world denied (even Arab) women.
		Gertrude Bell, a product of Victorian England, is accurately, though at times romantically, presented as a fearless individual who ironically discovers her true self and value in a region which relegated women to second-class citizens.
		was camel-riding the path to fame, but Gertrude deliberately turned her back on publicity." Anyone with even a remote knowledge of Lawerence's exploits (and I admit that his accomplishments can take on a larger-than-life role in history) can't help but wonder over the skewed Lawrence references.
	www.stylegala.com /store/Reviews/ItemId/0385495757 (557 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Books: Gertrude Bell: The Arabian Diaries, 1913-1914 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bell's colleagues included Lloyd George and Winston Churchill, who in 1921 invited Bell - the only woman whose advice was sought - to the Cairo Conference to "determine the future of Mesopotamia".
		The fundamental themes of her life - reckless behaviour; a divided self which combined brilliance of intellect with a passionate nature; a sense of history; and the fatal gift of falling in love with a married man - are all here in remarkable detail.
		In addition to Bell's own photographs, O'Brien has provided us an unprecedented first access to excerpts of the Bell/Richard Doughty-Wylie love letters, the married British army officer with whom she was in love and for whom her diaries were written.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0815606729 (564 words)

	WWGPro.DE Buchtipps: The Desert and the Sown : The Syrian Adventures of the Female Lawrence of Arabia (Gertrude Bell) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gertrude Bell is probably one of the most interesting women of pre-World War I England.
		Bell broke this mold and was the archetype of the "traveling Englishwoman" of the high British Empire.
		Bell was not a professional archeologist and you will need to look elsewhere for detailed scholarly studies of the places she traveled.
	www.wwgpro.de /books-isbn-0815411359.html (524 words)

	Gertrude Bell
		The personal narrative style which Bell adopts in her letter to her mother, reveals the human being behind the formidable façade of the British heiress to an industrial fortune.
		Adventurer, archaeologist and arabist, Gertrude Bell (1868-1926) was a counsellor to Lloyd George and Winston Churchill, and a confidante of sheikhs.
		Wilfred Thesiger, when asked to compare Gertrude with her successor Freya Stark, replied: "If any one woman was to be thought of as a serious traveller, it had to be Gertrude Bell." She was a vital source of intelligence to the British Government during the First World War.
	www.gertrudebell.com (790 words)

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