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Topic: Gertrude Blanch

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	Gertrude Blanch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Gertrude Blanch (1897-1996) was a pioneer in numerical analysis and computation.
		She was elected a Fellow in the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1962 and was given the Federal Woman's Award from President Lyndon Johnson in 1964.
		"Gertrude Blanch of the Mathematical Tables Project," IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, Vol.
	www.agnesscott.edu /lriddle/women/blanch.htm (318 words)

	Gertrude Blanch Papers
		Gertrude Blanch, 1897-1996, mathematician, received the B.S. in mathematics with a physics minor from New York University (1932) and the Ph.D. (1935) in algebraic geometry from Cornell University.
		In 1948, Blanch became assistant to the director at the Institute for Numerical Analysis in Los Angeles, another branch of the Applied Mathematics Laboratory.
		The collection includes Blanch’s lectures given during the 1940s and 1960; published articles and notes for her two unpublished manuscripts, 1935-1994; colleagues’ and others’ writings collected by Blanch, 1895-1969; and photographs of Blanch, alone, with colleagues and friends, and at awards ceremonies, 1930s-1966.
	www.cbi.umn.edu /collections/inv/cbi00162.html (1539 words)

	The New Atlantis - The Age of Female Computers - David Skinner
		His first lieutenant was Gertrude Blanch, another Eastern European immigrant who could not find academic employment, despite a doctorate in mathematics.
		Blanch even organized a lunch-hour math curriculum for willing workers that took them from elementary arithmetic through high school algebra, trigonometry, all the way to college calculus and, finally, matrix calculations, the theory of differences, and special functions.
		That women of the capacities of Elizabeth Webb Wilson or Gertrude Blanch are now much freer to pursue their own interests is an even greater boost to the sciences, though not without its costs.
	www.thenewatlantis.com /archive/12/skinner.htm (2564 words)

	When Computers Were Human
		Gertrude Blanch, the mathematician who oversaw their work, had devised a scheme whereby positive numbers would be written in fl, negative numbers in red.
		By the 20th century, the work of human computers was augmented by mechanical or even electrical calculators that automated certain steps of their work, but these were expensive and prone to breakdown, and did not significantly change the nature of the work.
		After the war, Blanch was hampered by FBI suspicions that she was secretly a communist.
	www.wheels.org /books/humancomputers.html (1256 words)

	Gertrude Blanch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Blanch was born Gittel Kaimowitz in Kolno, Poland, arrived in the United States as a child, and attended public schools in New York City.
		After the war, Blanch's career was hampered by FBI suspicions that she was secretly a communist.
		The Gertrude Blanch Papers, 1932-1996 are stored at the Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gertrude_Blanch (497 words)

	Gertrude - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gertrude (also spelt Getrud) is a female forename.
		Gertrude of Hamage, also known as Saint Gertrude.
		Gertrude of Holland, wife of Robert I, Count of Flanders
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gertrude (115 words)

	A Letter from Carrie to Gertrude, Jul 12, 1884
		Gertrude it was hard hit - I was so glad Auntie was there with me to join in the farewell by the wave of her lily white hand.
		Of course I said a final good bye to Blanch, but Laura and she planned that they would met in Albany when Blanch should have finished her visit at Leah's, and together they would go to Katie De Witts as Katie wanted them very much.
		Laura was very tired and we had tried to give her the best of care and love and she left looking much better.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~dalbino/letters/text/robbins43.html (754 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Jewel, Blanches grandaughter told Mary Wetwiska that her mother, father, and grandparents were all buried in Sand Boise Cemetery, Beaver Mountain, probably close to Kinta, OK.
		Gertrude Taylor Jenkins told Joyce Jenkins, wife of Jimmie, that there was a sister Nany who married Edison Reach.
		Gertrude Taylor Jenkins, wife of Tom Jenkins (son of William Franklin Jenkins) told Joyce Jenkins that the oldest child of Franklin and Nancy (Aylor) Jenkins, was Herbert.
	pages.prodigy.net /rlj42/Jenkins/np1.htm (377 words)

	A Letter from Winifred to Gertrude, Jul 16, 1884 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Gertrude mine, why don't you walk in at my door this minute instead of making me use this stupid pen and paper Oh, I want you, though!
		However she made quite a long stay at Carrie's who took her to spend a day by the sea near Boston, so she had a glimpse of it at least.
		She was to spend last Sunday with Blanch at Katie DeWitt's, in Troy.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~dalbino/letters/text/robbins04.html (630 words)

	Gertrude Blanch of the Mathematical Tables Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Gertrude Blanch can be viewed as either the last and most important leader of human computers or one of the first numerical analysts for electronic computers.
		Family lore claims that Blanch was offered an academic job in Arizona for the fall of 1936, but that the offer was withdrawn at the last minute after the school discovered her Jewish ancestry.
		Blanch was most interested in the convergence of continued fractions when three term recurrences existed for the coefficients.
	csdl.computer.org /comp/mags/an/1997/04/a4018abs.htm (2161 words)

	Harless Homepage - Person Page 84
		Blanch Maude Williams married Warren Lee Atkins, son of Albert Atkins and Nancy A. Children of Blanch Maude Williams and Warren Lee Atkins
		He was the son of Albert Atkins and Nancy A. Warren Lee Atkins married Blanch Maude Williams, daughter of William Ervin Williams Jr.
		She is the daughter of Warren Lee Atkins and Blanch Maude Williams.
	www.genealogy-quest.com /Harless-Homepage/tree/p84.htm (1010 words)

	Rhinehart & Bassett Family Tree - Person Page 201
		The affidavit is dated21 Feb 1957, with signatures of affiant Gertrude Covey (grandmother) age 86 residing at 776 Locust St in Pasadena and affiant Sarah Jones Bassett (self) age 41 835 Wright Ave Pasadena.
		She was born 15 May 1887 in Willet NY to Edwin A Covey b.NY and Gertrude Briggs b.N, and was age 59y 7m 13d.
		Gertrude Briggs; Cincinatus, Cortland Co., New York, Groom: Edwin A Covey residence Willett NY, will be age 22 on March 11th born in Doraville.
	www.bassett.net /secondsite/kathryn-p/p201.shtml (5459 words)

	RedOrbit - Technology - When Computers Were Human
		Shortly thereafter he had the fortune of recognizing one of his students on a bus, and their chance encounter led Gertrude Blanch to join the MTP as project director.
		Just a few weeks before the Handbook appeared, Gertrude Blanch was feted at the White House by President Lyndon B. Johnson, whose professional career also began with a WPA program in the 1930s.
		Blanch was commended for being "the top mathematician in the air force, as a founder of the scientific discipline called numerical analysis, as a patriotic citizen who has served in time of war for the Applied Mathematics Panel...
	www.redorbit.com /news/technology/616989/when_computers_were_human/index.html?source=r_technology (2797 words)

	Gertrude Blanch
		Das Leben der Gertrude Blanch könnte als Muster für eine typische US-Immigratinnenkarriere dienen: eine junge intelligente Frau, die ihr Heimatland verlassen musste, viele Schwierigkeiten überwand und eine erfolgreiche Mathematikerin wurde.
		Gertrude Blanch sammelte diese Literatur ohne zu ahnen, wie wichtig sie einige Jahre später für sie sein würde.
		Blanch war Chefberaterin der US-Regierung in Fragen der Angewandten Mathematik und beriet vielfach bei der Einrichtung der neuen elektronischen Großrechnerprojekte.
	www.frauen-informatik-geschichte.de /index.php?id=57 (727 words)

	The Human Computer and the Birth of the Information Age
		Perhaps the three most influential leaders of the era were L. Comrie (1893–1950), Gertrude Blanch (1898–1996) and R. Archibald (1875–1955).
		Blanch developed ways of organizing the group and devised mathematical methods that were self-checking, much in the same way that accounting procedures were self-checking.
		Its editors, Milton Abramowitz (1915–1958) and Irene Stegun (1919–), had served in Gertrude Blanch's Mathematical Tables Project and virtually all of the contributors to the volume had worked as human computers.
	www.philsoc.org /2001Spring/2132transcript.html (2474 words)

	Blanch - Blanch Schools (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Blanch and Get the Skins Off - Nuts and Fruits; How to Blanch Vegetables Don't blanch more than 4 cups of prepared leafy green vegetables or 2 cups of all
		It's also a good idea to blanch vegetables you intend to freeze, because blanching inactivates the enzymes that promote spoilage.
		Find the top-rated Blanch schools, read recent parent reviews, or browse schools by grade level.
	xn--vox136acoa.com /?q=blanch (276 words)

	[No title]
		The collection consists of lectures and published articles by mathematician Gertrude Blanch, other professional writings collected by Blanch, and some biographical material and personal and professional correspondence.
		While she was at Dayton, Blanch published half of her 30 papers, and received several citations and awards, including her election as Fellow in the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Air Force Exceptional Service Award (both in 1963), and the Federal Womanâs Award in 1964.
		On the other, labeled âlate in her life,â Blanch is interviewed by her nephew Michael Stern, and discusses her early years and personal life.
	special.lib.umn.edu /findaid/ead/cbi/cbi00162.xml (1090 words)

	SIAM: The Author and Her Subject: Kathleen Broome Williams on Grace Murray Hopper
		A young colleague of mine in computer science, a woman, said to me recently: "After Ada came Grace Hopper, with nothing in between." But actually, I was thinking of the pioneering women in computers and numerical analysis whom I knew from my days at the National Bureau of Standards.
		During World War II, Blanch and the other people from the Math Tables Project worked for the Applied Mathematics Panel of the OSRD [Office of Scientific Research and Development].
		She went later to the Institute for Numerical Analysis at UCLA, which was a western branch of the mathematics section of the Bureau of Standards.
	www.siam.org /news/news.php?id=57 (3170 words)

	Mathematical Tables Project - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It began in New York City in 1938 as part of the Works Progress Administration (WPA).
		Its technical director for its ten-year existence was the mathematician Gertrude Blanch.
		It was eventually merged into the Computation Laboratory of the National Bureau of Standards.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mathematical_Tables_Project (216 words)

	The Math Tables Project of the Work Projects Administration: The Reluctant Start of the Computing Era (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		[9] At Cornell, Blanch was a member of Sigma Delta Epsilon, a sorority for women graduate students studying science.
		In this interview, Blanch gives an especially telling account of her search for an office job in 1936.
		She recollects that out of 50 applicants, she was the only one who submitted a letter without grammatical errors.
	csdl2.computer.org /persagen/DLAbsToc.jsp?resourcePath=/dl/mags/an/&toc=comp/mags/an/1998/03/a3toc.xml&DOI=10.1109/85.707573 (3490 words)

	Amazon.com: When Computers Were Human: Books: David Alan Grier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		As many of these computers through the history of the industry were women, this book may be of particular interest to those who follow the history of women in science.
		Grier is particularly taken by the story of Gertrude Blanch at the Mathematical Tables Project run by the National Bureau of Standards in the U.S., and devoted many pages to her life and work.
		If the book has any weakness, it is only that these teams of computers were typically employed by governments, and descriptions of their work sometimes amounts to descriptions of bureaucratic politics, not a very interesting topic.
	www.amazon.com /When-Computers-Human-David-Grier/dp/0691091579 (2144 words)

	Chenoweth: [JOHN: ABSOLOM] James of Berkeley Co., VA
		10 Blanche Emerillis McDougall b: December 25, 1900 in Cayuga, Livingston Co., IL d: September 03, 1973 in Elk Grove, Sacramento Co., CA +James Lee McConnell b: July 06, 1890 in Sheldon, Ransom Co., ND d: July 07, 1956 in Prairie River, Saskatchewan, CANADA Father: William Corrie McConnell Mother: Agnes Catherine Anderson
		10 Rena Gertrude McDougall b: April 30, 1906 in Walnut, Bureau Co., IL d: Unknown in Detroit Lakes, Becker Co., MN +Howard William Conley b: Bet.
		8 Blanche Anna Thompson b: March 16, 1889 in Bureau Co., IL d: 1976
	chenowethsite.com /ch1j0a4.htm (3824 words)

	guenberger
		Bill Bell, of Telecomputing, described an application on the 602.
		Gertrude Blanch, of INA, discussed differencing on the 405.
		Ben Ferber, of Convair, presented a paper entitled "Planning Engineering Calculations for IBM Equipment." And George Fenn, of Northrop, described a Rube Goldberg marriage of the 603 and 405 machines, which combination was said to form a powerful computing tool.
	www.palosverdes.com /lasthurrah/guenberger.html (3214 words)

	Garrys Index
		He moved to Western Australia when he was about 9 or 10 yrs of age.
		My grand mother, Gertrude Blanch Moxam, was born in Hughenden, North Queensland, Australia.
		My grand father Leonard Thomas Humphries, was born in Chubut Province, in Argentina, South America, to welsh parents and he kept his welsh citizenship papers, even while living in Australia.
	www.angelfire.com /wv2/PerthDesperado/index.html (2473 words)

	Multicultural Education - Oak Park ESD #97
		Thaddeus Kosciusko (1746 – 1817) – engineer and general who fought in the Revolutionary War against the British.
		Gertrude Blanch (1897 – 1996) – Pioneer mathematician who founded the Association for Computing Machinery
		Karol Bobko (1937 -), NASA astronaut who served on Skylab, the Apollo- Soyuz test project, and has received numerous awards from NASA and the U.S. Air Force
	www.op97.k12.il.us /mcrc/contributors/polish.html (434 words)

	KI2A-008 CARDWELL PARISH - Penobsquis
		Teresa - see HALL, John C. Blanche - see HALL, Luther C. Foster George Gorham 1889 - 1948
		Gertrude M. - see AITON, Harry C. Edith - see FREEZE, Harold McLeod
		Gertrude C. - see KYLE, Harry I. Stuart E. Moore, Pte.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Oracle/5285/Ki2a-008.html (2189 words)

	Chenoweth Other Surnamed [Mc-McD]
		McAllister, Iva Blanche b: January 01, 1884 in Nebraska [Thomas 7 (spouse)]
		McDougall, Blanche Emerillis b: December 25, 1900 in Cayuga, Livingston Co., IL [John 10]
		McDougall, Rena Gertrude b: April 30, 1906 in Walnut, Bureau Co., IL [John 10]
	chenowethsite.com /chennmm3.htm (5016 words)

	County Obituaries, A-E \| The San Diego Union-Tribune
		He was a veteran of the Korean War.
		Survivors include his wife, Oietta; sons, Roy, Bruce and Ron Birch; sisters, Luella, Gertrude, Blanch and Lillis Birch; brothers, Clarence, John Jr.
		A scattering of ashes at sea was planned.
	www.signonsandiego.com /uniontrib/20050124/news_1m24obitae.html (849 words)

	Catherine Case, b: -
		Other Spouses: Tennessee Stanton Dorothy Gertrude Nelson Vivian
		Born: 14 JUN 1906 - Butler County, Ohio
		Other Spouses: Ruth Alvina Eckert Dorothy Gertrude Nelson Vivian
	home.comcast.net /~ggephart/gp2935.htm (97 words)

	Callington Cemetery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		JAENSCH, Arthur Edwin, beloved husband of Gertrude, died 4 September 1979,aged 78 years, loved father of Ron and Thelma
		JAENSCH, Clara Gertrude, beloved wife of T A W (Bill), died 4 August 1979, aged 80 years, loved mother of Clarrie, Dick, Doris, Alma and Ray
		JAENSCH, T A W (Bill), loved husband of Clara Gertrude, died 15 June 1988, aged 95 years, loved father of Clarrie, Dick, Doris, Alma and Ray
	members.westnet.com.au /web/llarment/CemsSA/callington.htm (1700 words)

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