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Topic: Gesneriaceae

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	Lamiales
		Gesneriaceae are herbs or rather soft-stemmed shrubs that can be recognised by their opposite, serrate leaves that are often softly hairy and have arching, ascending secondary veins that do no join at the margin and their usually conspicuous monosymmetric flowers which have parietal placentation.
		Gesneriaceae are not often eaten by the caterpillar larvae of butterflies (Ehrlich and Raven 1964).
		Many Gesneriaceae have capsular fruits with wind dispersed seeds, seed dispersal by birds, either of fleshy fruits in their entirety, of glistening seeds exposed on a fleshy placenta, or of a number of the other variants of fleshy capsule/drupe fruit type found in the family, is also widespread (Weber 2004b; Clark et al.
	www.mobot.org /MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/lamialesweb.htm (12388 words)

	Gesneriaceae - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gesneriaceae is a family of flowering plants consisting of ca.
		Gesneriads are divided culturally into three groups on the basis of whether, and how, their stems are modified into storage organs: rhizomatous, tuberous, and "fibrous-rooted", meaning those that lack such storage structures (although all gesneriads have fibrous roots).
		Evolution of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) in the Pacific Ocean: the origin of a supertramp clade
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gesneriaceae (357 words)

	[No title]
		The threatened Gesneriaceae of western Ecuador are mostly either restricted to isolated ridges covered with low elevation cloud forests or were distributed in the once extensive moist forests in the central, western and southern parts of the Ecuadorian coast.
		By looking at the status of the Gesneriaceae in western Ecuador, and investigating the total distribution patterns of the species found in the area, we can demonstrate the extent to which the Gesneriaceae may be representative of the status of the entire flora in western Ecuador, as well as conservation priorities for the region.
		The diversity of the Gesneriaceae generally correlates with increasing precipitation and humidity, and the family is consequently particularly abundant in northwestern Ecuador, western and northwestern Colombia, and parts of Panama.
	www.lyonia.org /viewArticle.php?articleID=287 (9522 words)

	Gesneriaceae Research at the Smithsonian Institution/ Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, ...
		Gesneriaceae Research at the Smithsonian Institution/ Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution
		Laurence E. (Larry) Skog was hired to continue research on Gesneriaceae in the Smithsonian’s Department of Botany, and continues to work on the group since retiring in 2003.
		Collaborative ongoing projects include an online update of Gesneriaceae for the Biologia Centrali Americana and an examination of the phylogeny, morphology, and biogeography of tribe Gloxinieae in collaboration with Eric Roalson, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington.
	persoon.si.edu /gesneriaceae (214 words)

	Gesneriaceae
		The Gesneriaceae are a mid-sized to large plant family comprising approximately 2500-3500 species in 120-135 genera, distributed primarily in the tropics with a few temperate species in Europe, China and Japan.
		The Gesneriaceae are often referred to as tropical Scrophulariaceae and are closely related to this plant family.
		A combined analysis of morphology, ndhF gene sequences and rbcL gene sequences differs in the placement of the Klugieae, however; rather than being the sister of the remainder of the family, this group is in its traditional place as a member of the Cyrtandroideae.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Gesneriaceae (1282 words)

	RBGE: Research in Old World Gesneriaceae
		Members of the mainly tropical family Gesneriaceae (African Violet family) are mostly herbs and subshrubs found in both the Old and New Worlds.
		Fieldwork is an integral part of Gesneriaceae research, providing the raw material for these taxonomic studies and for the production of molecular phylogenies.
		We isolated Gcyc, the Gesneriaceae homologue of cycloidea (a gene involved in the expression of floral symmetry in Antirrhinum), from a range of taxa with zygomorphic and actinomorphic flowers.
	www.rbge.org.uk /rbge/web/science/research/systematics/gesners.jsp (1204 words)

	World Checklist of Gesneriaceae / Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution
		The World Checklist of Gesneriaceae culminates efforts at the Smithsonian Institution to record a complete list of names that have been published in the family Gesneriaceae and to determine the current status of each name.
		This represents the first time that all names known to be described in Gesneriaceae have been compiled in a single searchable list.
		Type data are incomplete, and all type citations are based on primary and secondary literature, rather than an examination of the specimens themselves except as noted.
	persoon.si.edu /gesneriaceae/checklist (1028 words)

	Research
		The plant family Gesneriaceae is one of the 15 most abundant plant families in Ecuador and Golondrinas is distinctive because it has many floristic affinities with Colombia.
		I recently published a new species of Gesneriaceae (Alloplectus oblongicalyx) which is found in the Golondrinas reserve (see attached PDF file from the journal Novon; also see attached photographic image).
		Resupinate flowers in the plant family Gesneriaceae are an interesting phenomenon because they have evolved multiple times in closely related lineages (clades).
	www.ecuadorexplorer.com /golondrinas/html/research_joe_clark.htm (322 words)

	Pearcea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pearcea is a South American genus of 17 species of tropical herbs in the flowering plant family Gesneriaceae.
		Phylogenetic patterns and generic boundaries inferred from nuclear, chloroplast, and morphological cladistic data sets.
		Wiehler, H. Parakohleria, a new South American genus in the Gesneriaceae.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pearcea (162 words)

	RBGE: Research in Old World Gesneriaceae
		The family is of great biogeographical interest: of the four subfamilies recognised in Weber’s recent classification of the family in Kubitzki (Weber, 2004)*, Gesnerioideae is Neotropical, Coronantheroideae has a southern hemisphere distribution, and Epithematoideae and Didymocarpoideae (formerly Cyrtandroideae excluding Epithemateae) are Old World but with one species of the latter in Central America.
		As the Gesneriaceae have been a focus of taxonomic research at the RBGE for many years, the herbarium, living collections and the library are particularly rich in materials for this work.
		In Kubitzki’s* recent taxonomic classification of Gesneriaceae it is treated under Scrophulariaceae: “The genus was originally described under Scrophulariaceae but was later repeatedly regarded to belong to Gesneriaceae.
	www.rbge.org.uk /rbge/web/science/research/tropdivers/gesners.jsp (2185 words)

	植物学报020803 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Stamen primordia are alternate to the corolla lobe primordia, with the anterior two primordia later than the posterior two in initiation; staminode primordium is simultaneous with the posterior two in initiation, but smaller, and opposite to the adaxial carpel (upper lip of stigma).
		Floral morphogenesis of Rhynchoglossum omeniense (Gesneriaceae) and its phylogenetic implication.
		An anamorphosis of gynoecium in Whytockia (Gesneriaceae) with phylogenetic implication.
	www.wanfangdata.com.cn /qikan/periodical.articles/zwxb/zwxb2002/0208/020803.htm (599 words)

	Phylogenetic position and generic differentiation of Epithemateae (Gesneriaceae) inferred from plastid DNA sequence ...
		Burtt B. 1965 The transfer of Cyrtandromoea from Gesneriaceae to Scrophulariaceae, with notes on the classification of that family.
		Weber A. 1982a Contributions to the morphology and systematics of Klugieae and Loxonieae (Gesneriaceae).
		Weber A. 1982b Evolution and radiation of the pair-flowered cyme in Gesneriaceae.
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/90/2/321 (5575 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Gesneriaceae: Information/Images from the University of Hawaii - Manoa)
		Gesneriaceae: Images from the Vascular Plant Image Library of the Digital Flora of Texas
		Gesneriaceae: Family treatment from Trees and Shrubs of the Andes of Ecuador
	www.csdl.tamu.edu /FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=Gesneriaceae (197 words)

	Phylogenetic relationships in the Gesnerioideae (Gesneriaceae) based on nrDNA ITS and cpDNA trnL-F and trnE-T spacer ...
		Phylogenetic relationships in the Gesnerioideae (Gesneriaceae) based on nrDNA ITS and cpDNA trnL-F and trnE-T spacer region sequences -- Zimmer et al.
		Phylogenetic relationships in the Gesnerioideae (Gesneriaceae) based on nrDNA ITS and cpDNA trnL-F and trnE-T spacer region sequences
		Systematics and evolution of tribe Sinningieae (Gesneriaceae): evidence from phylogenetic analyses of six plastid DNA regions and nuclear ncpGS
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/abstract/89/2/296 (425 words)

	Botany of Gesneriads
		The Gesneriaceae is a large family comprising mostly tropical herbs and shrubs.
		Herbaceous families related to the Gesneriaceae are the Scrophulariaceae, Orobanchaceae, and Lentibulariaceae; the chiefly woody Bignoniaceae is also florally similar but has woody fruits that often have two locules, and winged seeds, as well as divided leaves.
		The gesneriad ovary may be superior, as in Scrophulariaceae, or inferior, but in contrast to the Scrophulariaceae the ovary usually has a single locule not two.
	www.gesneriads.ca /gesneria.htm (751 words)

	[No title]
		Members of the tribe Klugieae, which has traditionally been placed within the subfamily Cyrtandroideae, are also found exclusively in the Old world, the one exception being Rhynchoglossum azureum from Central America.
		___________, J. Wolfram, K. Brown, C. 1997 Tribal relationships in the Gesneriaceae: Evidence from DNA sequences of the chloroplast gene.
		WIEHLER, H. A synopsis of the neotropical Gesneriaceae.Selbyana 6: 1-249.'; TEXTNOTE ID=1 TITLE=Characteristics TEXT='Leaves are opposite in the majority of the Gesneriaceae but in many species anisophylly where the leaves are unequal in size occurs.
	ag.arizona.edu /tree/eukaryotes/green_plants/embryophytes/angiosperms/eudicots/lamiids/gesneriaceae/Gesneriaceae.nex (972 words)

	RBGE: Systematics and Evolution
		Several tropical groups of plants that are the focus of systematic research at RBGE are well represented in the glasshouses, forming internationally important collections derived from successive years of overseas fieldwork.
		Well represented are the Gesneriaceae (African violet family); tropical Ericaceae (heather family) including Rhododendrons of subgenus Vireya; Zingiberaceae (ginger family); Musaceae (banana family) and the largely tropical conifers Podocarpaceae and Araucariaceae.
		Our research has focused largely on Gesneriaceae, where we have isolated and characterised many developmental genes and shown that the important character of flower tube shape is linked to one of these genes.
	www.rbge.org.uk /rbge/web/science/research/systematics/index.jsp (699 words)

	Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama
		My own fascination with floral diversification resulted from four years of living in the tropics and attempting to understand the relationships, classification, and biology of common plants that either had no name, or no intuitive generic boundaries, and from a desire to understand the interaction of the animals that visited them.
		One of the discoveries that I made in graduate school is that flowers of some species of Gesneriaceae are inverted, or resupinate, in orientation compared to those of related taxa (Fig.
		That some gesneriads have inverted flowers compared to most of the other members of the family is important because it provides a morphological context for clades that had previously been proposed based only on molecular data.
	www.as.ua.edu /biology/clark.htm (724 words)

	Gesneriaceae in Trees and shrubs of the Andes of Ecuador @ efloras.org
		Gesneriaceae in Trees and shrubs of the Andes of Ecuador @ efloras.org
		La familia Gesneriaceae es una de las más grandes de las regiones tropicales, con unos 126 géneros y un número estimado de 2000 especies; su distribución es pantropical y muy pocas especies se encuentran en las regiones templadas.
		Wiehler, H. A synopsis of the Neotropical Gesneriaceae.
	www.efloras.org /florataxon.aspx?flora_id=201&taxon_id=10368 (233 words)

	James F
		Although most Gesneriaceae have flowers with bilateral symmetry a few genera have full or partial radial symmetry (in the latter the corollas are radially symmetric or nearly radially symmetric, but stamen abortion results in 4 instead of 5 stamens).
		Investigations at the DNA sequence level of GCYC in Gesneriaceae with have not revealed any obvious mutations that may disrupt function of this gene in plants with radially symmetric flowers.
		Phylogenetics of tribe Episcieae (Gesneriaceae): I have initiated investigations into the generic level relationships within tribe Episcieae of Gesneriaceae using several different genes from both the chloroplast and nuclear genomes.
	www.boisestate.edu /biology/smith.htm (914 words)

	Toronto Gesneriad Society Home Page
		The family known as Gesneriaceae was named in honour of Konrad von Gesner, a 16
		The gesneriad (pronounced either “jez-NARE-ee-ad” or “guess-NARE-ee-ad”) is the familiar term commonly used for all the plants in the family Gesneriaceae, which consists of over 133 genera and more than 3000 species.
		Although gesneriads are one of the largest tropical plant families, there are some genera that grow in alpine regions such as Serbia and on Mount Olympus in Greece.
	www.aggs.org /chapters/TGS (600 words)

	John Clark - El Pahuma Research Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In Pahuma there are three Gesneriaceae species that are new to science that I am in the process of describing.
		Murray Cooper is able to photograph pollinators (mostly hummingbirds) that visit both resupinate and non-resupinate flowers using high-speed strobe flashes that are triggered by an infrared beam.
		Pahuma is an ideal place to study the plant family Gesneriaceae because it is home to more than 25 Gesneriaceae species and because both resupinate and non-resupinate members grow sympatrically.
	www.ceiba.org /research/jclark_abs.htm (248 words)

	Phylogenetic position and generic differentiation of Epithemateae (Gesneriaceae) inferred from plastid DNA sequence ...
		Phylogenetic position and generic differentiation of Epithemateae (Gesneriaceae) inferred from plastid DNA sequence data -- Mayer et al.
		Phylogenetic position and generic differentiation of Epithemateae (Gesneriaceae) inferred from plastid DNA sequence data
		Evolution of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) in the Pacific Ocean: the origin of a supertramp clade
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/abstract/90/2/321 (421 words)

	Gesneriad Bibliography Query Page Introduction/Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian ...
		The Bibliography of the Gesneriaceae was developed in the Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, U.S.A., to facilitate taxonomic research on the flowering plant family Gesneriaceae.
		Many of these articles deal with Old World Gesneriaceae, which were underrepresented in the original Bibliography.
		Acknowledgments: We would like to thank Leslie Brothers for her assistance in compiling the original Bibliography of the Gesneriaceae, and many others who have provided input.
	persoon.si.edu /gesneriaceae/bibliography (534 words)

	RBGE: Cytology
		This started with work by Jim Ratter in the 1960s on Gesneriaceae, and subsequently Kwiton Jong continued the tradition.
		Both used conventional staining methods to investigate meiosis (flower buds) and mitosis (roots or stem apices) preparations.
		RBGE holds an extensive Living Collection, particularly of core study families such as Begoniaceae, Gesneriaceae, Podocarpaceae, Zingiberaceae.
	www.rbge.org.uk /rbge/web/science/research/tropdivers/cytology.jsp (136 words)

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