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Topic: Gestalt psychology

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	Gestalt psychology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Gestalt psychology (also Gestalt theory of the Berlin School) is a theory of mind and brain that proposes that the operational principle of the brain is holistic, parallel, and analog, with self-organizing tendencies.
		The classic Gestalt example is a soap bubble, whose spherical shape (its Gestalt) is not defined by a rigid template, or a mathematical formula, but rather it emerges spontaneously by the parallel action of surface tension acting at all points in the surface simultaneously.
		Gestalt psychology should not be confused with the Gestalt therapy of Fritz Perls, which is only peripherally linked to Gestalt psychology.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/gestalt_psychology (1292 words)

	Gestalt therapy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Based initially on the insights of Gestalt psychology and traditional psychoanalysis, Gestalt therapy has developed as a humanistic psycho-therapeutic model, with a well developed theory that combines phenomenological, existential, dialogical, and field approaches, to the process of transformation and growth of human beings.
		Max Wertheimer's Gestalt Psychology, which this therapy derives its name from, influences the application of the concepts about perception to a broader theory about the necessities of humans, and the relation of humans with their surroundings.
		In the German Gestalt psychology, developed by Max Wertheimer, the mind is considered to function by realizing the distinction between the figure (that which attracts attention or protruding) and the ground (that which dwells in the background/ second plane).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gestalt_therapy (2601 words)

	AllRefer.com - Gestalt (Psychology And Psychiatry) - Encyclopedia
		In 1912, the movement was given impetus in psychology by German theorists Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang KOhler, and Kurt Koffka as a protest against the prevailing atomistic, analytical psychological thought.
		Gestalt psychologists suggest that the events in the brain bear a structural correspondence to psychological events; indeed, it has been shown that steady electric currents in the brain correspond to structured perceptual events.
		Gestalt therapy, developed after World War II by Frederick Perls, believes that a person's inability to successfully integrate the parts of his personality into a healthy whole may lie at the root of psychological disturbance.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/G/Gestalt.html (421 words)

	Mary Henle: Gestalt Psychology and Gestalt Therapy
		Gestalt psychologists, on the contrary, have the highest respect for disciplined thinking, one of whose finest achievements is science.
		Gestalt psychology has formulated the hypothesis of psychophysical isomorphism, both as a position on the mind-body question and as a heuristic.
		Gestalt psychology is most developed in perception and cognition, while gestalt therapy is concerned with personality, psychopathology, and psychotherapy.
	www.gestalttheory.net /archive/henle.html (4830 words)

	Gestalt psychology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This 'gestalt' or 'whole form' approach sought to isolate principles of perception; seemingly innate mental 'laws', which determined the way in which objects were perceived.
		This signified experimenting in natural situations, developed in real conditions, in which it would be possible to reproduce, with higher fidelity, what would be habitual for a subject.
		Under the gestalt theory, these laws not only apply to images, but to thought processes, memories, and our understanding of time.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gestalt_psychology (1292 words)

	Gestalt Therapy and Gestalt Psychology
		Henle (1978) in an article titled "The relations between Gestalt psychology and Gestalt therapy" was critical of Perls' use of the word "Gestalt." She quotes a number of Perls' statements out of context, or slants meanings in favor of her particular argument.
		Gestalt therapists themselves appear not to be in agreement as to the theoretical precursors of Gestalt therapy, and particularly to Gestalt psychology.
		He suggests that in Gestalt theory, all psychological disorders involve, in some form or other, the destruction of a basic psychological structure and a concomitant generation of a "bad configuration." This results in a pervasive disturbance of the equilibrium of the psychological makeup as a whole.
	www.gestalt.org /barlow.htm (5732 words)

	Gestalt Psychology - Wikiminar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The term of Gestalt refers to the concept, where an entity's properties cannot be discovered from the total properties of its parts, and to the phrase "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts" [9].
		Gestalt psychology mainly were developed further in two institutes, the Berlin-Frankfurt and the Leipziger School.
		The Gestalt psychologists assume that the laws of proximity, similarity, common fate and good Gestalt are all examples for the law of Prägnanz.
	www.cg.tuwien.ac.at /courses/Seminar/WS2005/index.php/Gestalt_Psychology (7693 words)

	Leonardo On-Line: Art, Design and Gestalt Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Gestalt psychology was founded in 1910 by three German psychologists, Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka and Wolfgang Köhler.
		What may be gestalt psychology's most enduring influence on art and design came from a paper by Max Wertheimer titled "Theory of Form," published in 1923 [13].
		Today, gestalt theory's influence in the field of psychology is unobtrusive in the sense that its findings have all been absorbed by more recent viewpoints and because most of the prominent gestalt psychologists have either retired or died.
	mitpress2.mit.edu /e-journals/Leonardo/isast/articles/behrens.html (2430 words)

	Sherrill on Gestalt Therapy/Psychology
		Gestalt therapists frequently claim descent from Gestalt psychology by quoting some of the classical Gestalt experiments in figure/ground information and figure/ground reversal, and relating those to Perls' description of needs altering an organism's perceptions.
		Gestalt theorists have reacted both to Perls' errors in describing Gestalt theory as non-philosophical and to his tone of moral relativism (Henle, 1978).
		A Gestalt could be a visual percept, a temporal pattern such as a melody or a dance, an organized memory trace, or a concept such as truth or democracy.
	www.gestalt.org /sherrill.htm (3748 words)

	Gestalt Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Gestalt theorists followed the basic principle that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
		In research on Gestalt theory and instructional design, Moore and Fitz (1993) state that "written instructions must be visually attractive, inviting, and easy to access, follow, and understand"—ideas that conform to six laws that Gestalt psychologists have developed in studies on perception.
		Gestalt theory espoused the symmetrical so that the learner is not given the impression that something is out of balance, or missing, or wrong.
	chd.gse.gmu.edu /immersion/knowledgebase/strategies/cognitivism/gestalt/gestalt.htm (2079 words)

	Classics in the History of Psychology -- Koehler (1959)
		He also mentioned Gestalt psychology; but he added that the main observations, questions, and principles characteristic of this school had become part of every American psychologist's mental equipment.
		The enthusiasm of the early Gestalt psychologists was a virtue, because it led to new observations.
		Gestalt psychologists are, therefore, inclined to interpret motivation in terms of such forces or, rather, of forces which operate be between certain perceptual processes and processes another part of the brain, where a need may be physiologically represented.
	psychclassics.yorku.ca /Kohler/today.htm (6054 words)

	Behavior OnLine: An Introduction to Gestalt Therapy
		Gestalt therapists may use any techniques or methods as long as (a) they are aimed toward increasing awareness, (b) they emerge out of dialogue and phenomenologic work, and (c) they are within the parameters of ethical practice.
		Gestalt therapy is most useful for patients open to working on self-awareness and for those who want natural mastery of their awareness process.
		Gestalt therapists are encouraged to have a firm grounding in personality theory, psychopathology and theories and applications of psychotherapy, as well as adequate clinical experience.
	www.behavior.net /gestalt.html (15913 words)

	Gestalt psychology -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Gestalt theory emphasizes that the whole of anything is greater than its parts.
		The field of psychology has a number of subdisciplines devoted to the study of the different levels and contexts of human thought and behavior.
		Social psychology, for example, deals with human thought and action in a social context, while physiological psychology is concerned with thought and behavior at...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9036624 (748 words)

	Gestalt Psychology
		Gestalt Psychology, founded by Max Wertheimer, was to some extent a rebellion against the molecularism of Wundt’s program for psychology, in sympathy with many others at the time, including William James.
		In fact, the word Gestalt means a unified or meaningful whole, which was to be the focus of psychological study instead.
		Gestalt psychology is based on the observation that we often experience things that are not a part of our simple sensations.
	www.ship.edu /~cgboeree/gestalt.html (2337 words)

	Gestalt Psychology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Gestalt psychologists thought that psychologists should study the perception of whole figures.
		They were phenomenological psychologists: in other words, they thought that the task of Psychology (as William JAMES particularly had thought before) was to explain everyday events, experience, and behaviour.
		Problems here: The Gestalt Psychologists, while they relied heavily upon this idea of a good figure, never really explained just what exactly a good figure was, or what made one figure good and another poor.
	www.psybox.com /lecture_notes/alevel/perception3.htm (621 words)

	Piaget & the Gestalt-psychology 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Therefore the description and analysis should be based on the laws of transformation in living structures when it either stays in an equilibrium or moves to the next.
		In a common introductory book to the psychology these phenomena are treated as a question of 'grouping of objects' which in the following can be estimated concerning distance and movement.
		His model was the physical Gestalts in "rest and stationary state" as a book title of his will have it, but he stretched on the other side the Gestalt-laws to the area of problem-solving as it is known from his famous experiments in Teneriffa under the First World War.
	www.hum.aau.dk /~mylov/Piaget1.html (2021 words)

	Perception in Psychology 101 at AllPsych Online
		In this section, we will discuss the various theories on how our sensation are organized and interpreted, and therefore, how we make sense of what we see, hear, taste, touch, and smell.
		The German word "Gestalt" roughly translates to "whole" or "form," and the Gestalt psychologist's sincerely believed that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
		The Gestalt principles of grouping include four types: similarity, proximity, continuity, and closure.
	allpsych.com /psychology101/perception.html (914 words)

	Gestalt Psychology \| Phenomena as Organized Wholes \| School of Psychology \| Questia.com Online Library
		...implementation of the principles of Gestalt psychology that were central to the work...on the historical legacy of Gestalt psychology for social psychology.
		Gestalt Theory: The New Physicalism 177 12...with the standard undergraduate fare in psychology.
		The Legacy of Solomon Asch: Essays in Cognition and Social Psychology (Chap.
	www.questia.com /library/psychology/other-types-of-psychology/gestalt-psychology.jsp (652 words)

	GESTALT
		"Gestalt theory began toward the close of the 19th century in Austriaand south Germany as a protest against associationist and structural schools' piecemeal analysis of experience into
		As you look at the Kanisza triangle, a boundary can be seen where the perceived white triangle meets the white background; a boundary between white and white!
		While many contemporary psychologists maintain that even these tendencies are the result of experience and learning, all agree that they are strong and virtually universal tendencies." (Darley et.
	www.princeton.edu /~freshman/gestalt (688 words)

	Psychology - The New School for Social Research
		As a founding member of the Graduate Faculty, the Gestalt psychologist Max Wertheimer recognized the centrality of psychology to the new institution and quickly built a Psychology department with a worldwide reputation for excellence, focusing on empirical approaches to the study of psychology.
		Students in both General and Clinical Psychology work closely together with faculty from both fields.
		It also gives students in General Psychology enough clinical background to serve them well if they seek to apply their training in practical settings.
	www.newschool.edu /gf/psy (208 words)

	Open Directory - Science: Social Sciences: Psychology: Gestalt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Gestalt Theory - Bi-lingual (German/English) quarterly journal of the Society for Gestalt Theory and its Applications.
		Kubovy Perception Lab - In this lab Michael Kubovy and his colleagues are doing state of the art research to determine and define the Gestalt laws of perceptual organization as they manifest themselves in both the visual and auditory domains.
		Society for Gestalt Theory and its Applications (GTA) - Association established for the purpose of promoting the Gestalt-theoretical perspective in research and practice.
	dmoz.org /Science/Social_Sciences/Psychology/Gestalt (242 words)

	Gestalt Psychology theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In graphic design, it is very important to know gestalt theory because it allows us to predict how viewers respond to design.
		It does not only assure that our intention will be understood correctly by the viewers, but it also helps us to create a dynamic design.
		Gestalt is the German word for "form," and as it applied in gestalt psychology it means "unified whole" or " configuration." The essential point of gestalt is that in perception the whole is different from the sum of its parts.
	homepages.ius.edu /RALLMAN/gestalt.html (129 words)

	Gestalt Psychology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Gestalt focus of protest (Wundt) no longer of concern in U.S. The Battle With Behaviorism
		Gestalt research is within a different framework than the behaviorists’
		Gestalt speculations about physiological assumptions are a useful adjunct to tentative theorizing
	www-psych.nmsu.edu /~jem/courses/history/s&s12.html (664 words)

	Gestalt. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		) [Ger.,=form], school of psychology that interprets phenomena as organized wholes rather than as aggregates of distinct parts, maintaining that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
		In 1912, the movement was given impetus in psychology by German theorists Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler, and Kurt Koffka as a protest against the prevailing atomistic, analytical psychological thought.
		See W. Köhler, The Task of Gestalt Psychology (1969); Max W. Productive Thinking (rev. ed.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ge/Gestalt.html (371 words)

	The Gestalt Therapy Page
		The Gestalt Therapy Bookstore -- the most extensive collection of Gestalt materials available on the Internet.
		Updated frequently, it includes up-to-date information about workshops and other Gestalt events.
		Welcome to The Gestalt Therapy Page, a project sponsored by The Gestalt Journal Press.
	www.gestalt.org (201 words)

	Gestalt Archive : Gestalt theory and Gestalt psychology articles in full text
		Gestalt Archive : Gestalt theory and Gestalt psychology articles in full text
		Gestalt Infospace - all the Gestalt resources
		Gestalt Theory in Italy - Is it Still Alive ?
	www.gestalttheory.net /archive (325 words)

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