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	Gezer
		The Gezer Calendar is regarded as one of the earliest paleo-Hebrew texts known, and testifies to the use of Hebrew writing as early as the the 10th century BCE.
		The material culture found at Gezer shows that after the division of the kingdom, Gezer was part of the Kingdom of Israel, on the border with the Kingdom of Judah.
		The conquest of Gezer by the Assyrian ruler Tiglath Pileser in 733 BCE is depicted in a stone relief found in the ruins of the palace of the kings of Assyria at Nimrud in Mesopotamia.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Archaeology/Gezer.html (1757 words)

	GEZER - LoveToKnow Article on GEZER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		GEZER (the Kazir of Tethmosis [Thothmesl III.s list of Palestinian cities and the Gazri of the Amarna tablets), a royal Canaanite city on the boundary of Ephraim, in the maritime plain (Josh.
		Is) as being in the neighbor- hood of Emmaus-Nicopolis (Amwas) and Jamnia (Yebnah).Throughout the history of the Maccabean wars Gezer or Gazaraplays the part of an important frontier post.
		The position of Gezer is defined by Jerome (Onomasticon, s.v.) as four Roman miles north (contra septen- Irionem) of Nicopolis (Amws).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /G/GE/GEZER.htm (2353 words)

	Gezer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gezer was located on the northern border of the Shephelah, approximately twenty miles west of Jerusalem.
		It was strategically situated at the junction of the International Coastal Highway and the highway connecting it with Jerusalem through the valley of Ajalon.
		Gezer is mentioned in Egyptian records, such as the writings of Thutmose III as well as the letters of Amarna, the Amarna Letters; and Pharaoh Merneptah boasted that he "seized Gezer".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gezer (481 words)

	Solomonic Gezer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Gezer was occupied during the twelfth and eleventh centuries, and the pottery shows connections with the Late Bronze Age styles, as well as a fair amount of Philistine painted pottery.
		These were followed by two other phases that ended in a violent destruction, which appears to be the one caused by the pharaoh who is mentioned in 1 Kings 9:15-17 as having taken Gezer and burnt it with fire, before giving it to Solomon as a dowry.
		Excavations at Gezer have brought to light a four-entryway gate as part of a two-gate entry into the city.
	www.relst.uiuc.edu /Courses/106/IronIIDSpgs/Gezerspage.html (299 words)

	Gezer - Walking in Their Sandals - location profile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Although the Israelites defeated the king of Gezer during Joshua’s campaign (Josh 10:33; 12:12), the tribe of Ephraim failed to completely remove the Canaanites from the city after being allotted this area (Josh 16:10; Judg 1:29; 1 Chr 7:28).
		Gezer had been destroyed by its Egyptian captors, forcing Solomon to immediately undertake the task of rebuilding and fortifying it (1 Kgs 3:1; 9:15-17).
		Gezer became one of Solomon’s three fortified cities (with Megiddo and Hazor), by which he controlled the International Coastal Highway.
	www.ancientsandals.com /overviews/gezer.htm (289 words)

	Gezer (International Standard Bible Encyclopedia) :: Bible Tools
		Gezer was taken, but the Canaanites were not driven out, but remained in servitude (Joshua 16:10; Judges 1:29).
		According to Josephus (Ant., VIII, vi, 1), at the commencement of Solomon's reign Gezer was in the hands of the Philistines, which may explain 1 Kings 9:16, where it is stated that a certain Pharaoh, whose daughter Solomon married, captured and burnt Gezer and gave the site to his daughter.
		The history of Gezer, as known, is thus one of battles and sieges extending over at least 3,000 years; from the archaeological remains we may infer that its history was similar for at least 1,000 years earlier.
	bibletools.org /index.cfm/fuseaction/Def.show/RTD/ISBE/ID/3767 (1929 words)

	Gezer -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Gezer was a town in ancient (Jewish republic in southwestern Asia at eastern end of Mediterranean; formerly part of Palestine) Israel.
		It is mentioned in connection with the conquest of the land under the leadership of (A book in the Old Testament describing how Joshua led the Israelites into Canaan (the Promised Land) after the death of Moses) Joshua.
		Archaeological excavation at Gezer has been going on since the early 1900's, and it has become one of the most excavated sites in (A British mandate on the east coast of the Mediterranean; divided between Jordan and Israel in 1948) Palestine.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/ge/gezer.htm (347 words)

	Gezer Middle Bronze (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Gezer is located in the foothills just overlooking the coastal plain to the west and by a significant route inland into the Judean mountains, toward Jerusalem.
		In the Middle and Late Bronze Ages, Gezer was an important city-state.
		Gezer became a major city in the Middle Bronze III period, when the first city wall was constructed.
	www.relst.uiuc.edu /Courses/106/MBpages/page12.html (465 words)

	Gezer (BiblePlaces.com)
		Gezer was one of the most important Canaanite cities in the Middle Bronze period (2000-1500 B.C.), as attested by the significant archaeological remains.
		Gezer During the Solomonic Period and Gezer Middle Bronze Age (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) A wide array of pictures illustrates an educational description of Gezer in these two specific periods.
		Gezer Calendar (K. Hanson) A description of the Gezer Calendar, including study questions and a lengthy bibliography.
	www.bibleplaces.com /gezer.htm (584 words)

	AllRefer.com - Gezer (Biblical Proper Names) - Encyclopedia
		Its position guarding the road from Jerusalem to Jaffa has always given it importance, e.g., in the wars of Joshua, David, the Maccabees, and in the Crusades.
		Excavations there (1902–8, 1929, 1934) have made it possible to trace the history of Gezer from Chalcolithic times.
		B.C. Among the important findings were evidence of troglodyte dwellings, a Middle Bronze Age water tunnel, stone monoliths, and an agricultural calendar of the late 10th cent.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/G/Gezer.html (211 words)

	TEL GEZER
		The ruins of biblical Gezer are being excavated just past the goat-skin tents of a number of Bedouin.
		With a commanding view of the strategic highway to the coast, Gezer was fortified by King Solomon after it was given as a dowry for an Egyptian princess he married.
		Nearby, on the road to Kibbutz Nahshon, is Neve Shalom, a Jewish-Arab settlement inspired by a Dominican monk whose ideal is religious coexistence.
	www.travelnet.co.il /ISRAEL/TelAviv/tel05-TEL_GEZER.htm (273 words)

	Hebrew language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first written evidence of distinctive Hebrew, the Gezer calendar, dates back to the 10th century BCE, the traditional time of the reign of David and Solomon.
		The Gezer calendar (named after the city in whose proximity it was found) is written in an old Semitic script, akin to the Phoenician one that through the Greeks and Etruscans later became the Roman script.
		The Gezer calendar is written without any vowels, and it does not use consonants to imply vowels even in the places where more modern spelling requires it (see below).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hebrew_language (3631 words)

	Joe D. Seger
		The publication of Gezer V: The Field I Caves, continues the series of reports on the Hebrew Union College-Harvard Semitic Museum Excavations at Gezer between 1964 and 1974 which are being presented in the Annuals of the Nelson Glueck School of Biblical Archaeology in Jerusalem.
		The final season of the "Phase I" Gezer excavations, in 1971, ran from June 20 through August 6, with 33 Core and Senior Staff (Pl. 64B) and approximately 1 10 student volunteers recruited by Lance.
		It is nonetheless true that the experience at Gezer over the past half decade has indicated the need for some changes and refinements in the field and recording operations.
	library.msstate.edu /msuauthors/jds1 (3362 words)

	Gezer
		Gezer stands to the east of Israel’s coastal plain, a fertile stretch of land that lines the Mediterranean Sea.
		Gezer was one of three great cities that guarded the Via Maris.
		Today, the Tel Gezer is one of the largest tells in Israel, a testimony to its significance in ancient times.
	community.gospelcom.net /Brix?pageID=1516 (282 words)

	bible.org: ISBE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the time of Joshua's invasion a certain "king of Gezer" named Horam (horam, but in Septuagint Ailam, or Elam) came to the assistance of Lachish against the Israelites, but was slain (Josh 10:33).
		Gezer was taken, but the Canaanites were not driven out, but remained in servitude (Josh 16:10; Jdg 1:29).
		According to Josephus (Ant., VIII, vi, 1), at the commencement of Solomon's reign Gezer was in the hands of the Philistines, which may explain 1 Ki 9:16, where it is stated that a certain Pharaoh, whose daughter Solomon married, captured and burnt Gezer and gave the site to his daughter.
	www.bible.org /isbe.asp?id=3767 (1928 words)

	c6a
		The pharaoh came north, burned Gezer, and then said, in effect, "Here, Solomon, it's yours now." This could have been the pharaoh's way of demonstrating that this land was still his.
		Several of the chambers in the Gezer gate complex are lined with benches, some still covered with plaster.
		Gezer's gateway was later rebuilt, but the calcined limestone remained in place, with additional stones placed alongside for buttressing.
	www.phoenixdatasystems.com /goliath/c6/c6a.htm (3077 words)

	Institute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Earlier excavators at Gezer assigned the former to the Late Bronze Age II (ca.
		He suggested that it served as the residency of either the governor or king of Gezer at that time.
		Since the four-entryway gate at Gezer was founded on fills which contained unburnished red-slipped ware (and some hand-burnished), but no wheel-burnished, it is reasonable to conclude that the gare was initially constructed sometime prior to the founding of Samaria.
	www.andrews.edu /ARCHAEOLOGY/institute/fieldwork/prelims/Gezer_1990.htm (5568 words)

	Biblical Excursions in the Holy Land
		The caracteristic shape of the hill of Gezer, with the tree planted by R.A.S. Macalister while he was excavating the site.
		In Gezer, we find a "sinnor”, a tunnel through which the ancient inhabitants descended to reach the water in the depths.
		Gezer’s name appears in the Merneptah stele as a city which was conquered by this Pharaoh.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/ofm/sbf/escurs/TS/01_TSen.html (763 words)

	Ramle-Gezer - Kansas City Partnership 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Leawood leaders were so impressed with what they saw in the Gezer region that they invited a Gezer delegation to come to town and see first hand what the Kansas suburban community has to offer in a partnership.
		The Gezer delegation was hosted at a special reception by the Leawood City Council and spent the following day touring the community before leaving for several days to explore a similar partnership in the Wichita area.
		Kansas City's Jewish community already has close ties to the Gezer area; the Federation established a relationship with Pinat Shorashim at Kibbutz Gezer and a partnership with the Gezer Region as well as the city of Ramla.
	www.partner.org.il /ramle/news-0305-gezerdel.html (694 words)

	[No title]
		Kibbutz Gezer was re-populated in the 1960s by American immigrants who came from Reform and Conservative backgrounds.
		However, there is a big difference between what it has done until now, and throwing its support behind a legal battle, and Reform leaders were afraid they might have a hard time enlisting the regional council in their struggle.
		However, Peter Weiss, the head of the Gezer Regional Council not only made the request for the community rabbi, but even noted: "It goes without saying that the rabbi to be appointed to the position should be suited to the character of the community.
	www.huc.edu /newspubs/pressroom/2005/9/clowns1.shtml (1244 words)

	The Scotsman - Top Stories - Refugee sues over living in Glasgow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Mr Gezer, 51, who fled detention and torture in his native land, said his wife, Altun, 44, and two of his four children were verbally and physically abused by racist youths just days after arriving in the city on 6 September last year.
		Stephanie Harrison, Mr Gezer’s counsel, told the High Court in London that the family were sworn at, spat on, threatened with dogs and had their home attacked by three white males who threatened to stab Mr Gezer’s son, Ibrahim, Stephanie Harrison, 13.
		Mr Gezer, supported by the Refugee Council, told the Home Office that his children were terrified of returning and pleaded with NASS to allow his family to remain in London, where there is an established Turkish-Kurd community - or disperse them anywhere else but Glasgow.
	thescotsman.scotsman.com /index.cfm?id=1347702002 (731 words)

	The Gospel According to Egypt - King Solomon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It was during Amenhotep III's reign that Gezer and other major Palestine cities were refortified as royal Egyptian garrisons, and endowed with fine temples and palaces.
		The Bible states that in Solomon's day, the Pharaoh of Egypt captured the Canaanite city of Gezer and presented it to his daughter as a dowry upon her marriage to Solomon (1 Kings 9:16-17).
		If construction by Amenhotep III at Gezer, Hazor, Megiddo and other garrison cities is any indication, then a magnificent temple undoubtedly was also built by Amenhotep on Jerusalem's venerated Temple Mount.
	members.aol.com /judeoroots/solomon.htm (1549 words)

	Holy Land Photos
		This large town, 33 acres [13.5 ha.] in size, was situated at the northern tip of the Shephelah and guarded the major approach road that led into the Hill Country of Israel and Judah — namely the road that ran from Gezer to Lower Beth Horon to Gibeon and on into Jerusalem.
		Gezer is mentioned in extra—biblical sources and 15 times in the Old Testament.
		Solomon then fortified the Gezer in order to defend the western approaches to Jerusalem via the Beth Horon—Gibeon Ridge (1 Kings 15:9).
	www.holylandphotos.org /browse.asp?s=1,2,6,27,122 (204 words)

	Scotsman.com News - Scotland - Call to dismiss refugee's legal fight
		Mr Gezer’s counsel told the court that the family suffered "inhuman and degrading" treatment, including being sworn at, spat on and threatened with dogs, and had their high-rise home attacked by three white youths who threatened to stab Mr Gezer’s son, Ibrahim, 13.
		Stephanie Harrison, Mr Gezer’s barrister, contends that in the wake of hundreds of attacks on asylum seekers within the city, there was a foreseeable risk of ill-treatment, which left the Home Office liable.
		She added that when the Gezers were first told they were going to Glasgow, they put forward a number of objections, none of which "appear to have concerned a risk of suffering really serious harm from racist criminals".
	news.scotsman.com /scotland.cfm?id=1357512002 (767 words)

	RAS Macalister
		One of the most impressive finds from his main dig, Gezer, is the "Gezer Calendar," an 10th century B.C. inscribed tablet.
		William Dever's description of Macalister at Gezer: "working resolutely alone, trying vainly to handle all of the field direction, survey, drafting, photography, recording, and all the rest, despite almost superhuman efforts, Macalister was very nearly buried under the accumulation of his own excavated material."
		"The excavation of Gezer was one of the earliest large-scale excavations in Palestine, being carried out from 1902 to 1905 and 1907 to 1909.
	www.bibleplaces.com /bolen/robertalexanderstewartmacalister.html (382 words)

	Archaeology rebuffs revisionist effort, scholar says : Thursday, March 3, 2005
		Dever offered photographs that illustrate both Megiddo and Gezer were built in the same way, with a quadruple gate, double wall and towers.
		Once again, the evidence that cements the date of this destruction is the pottery found at that level that dates to the 10th century.
		On the displaced stones at Gezer, Dever and his team also found strange distorted letters etched into their sides - Phoenician mason marks identical to marks found on stones at Megiddo.
	www.biblicalrecorder.org /content/news/2005/3_3_2005/ne030305archaeology.shtml (1275 words)

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