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Topic: Ghadar Party

	Ghadar Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Ghadar Party was an organization founded by the Indians(mostly Punjabis, of the United States and Canada in June, 1913 with the aim to liberate India from British rule.
		The ideology of the party was strongly secular.
		Ghadar activists were responsible for bombs planted on government property, and targeted assassinations of British and police officials.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ghadar_Party (743 words)

	Hardial Bains: biography and encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
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	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/h/ha/hardial_bains.htm (1234 words)

	CGPI.org - Prepare for the coming revolutionary storms!
		With utmost anger, the Communist Ghadar Party of India condemns the terrible bomb blasts in the Sankatmochan temple and the cantonment railway station in Varanasi on 7th March.
		The Fifth Plenum of the Fourth Central Committee of the Communist Ghadar Party of India was held on 28th December, 2006, shortly after the conclusion of the 25th anniversary celebrations of the founding of the party...
		The Communist Ghadar Party of India condemns the brutal rape and murder of 32-year-old Thangjam Ningol Manorama by personnel of the 17 Assam Rifles...
	www.cgpi.org (3796 words)

	Essays
		The exact moment of Ghadar's birth is hard to pinpoint, in part because parallel mobilizations were underway, arising from dual processes of political ferment.
		The voyage of the Komagata Maru from March to September 1914 was the next key politicizing moment, an opportunity which the Ghadar party astutely identified in deploying its literature and propaganda to guide rising unrest that stemmed from race/class-based colonial oppression.
		Ghadar sent delegates to the Third Congress of the Comintern, to Ho Chi Minh's 1925 International Union of the Oppressed Peoples of the East, and to the 1927 League Against Imperialism in Brussels.
	users.resist.ca /~maio/essays/ghadar2.html (2923 words)

	The Ghadar Syndrome: Nationalism in an Immigrant Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Ghadar movement was a loosely-knit organization of expatriate Punjabis in North America, with headquarters in San Francisco, which printed revolutionary literature against British rule in India, and attempted to send arms and guerilla soldiers into India for an abortive revolutionary uprising planned for 1915.
		Ghadar and other publications of the Ghadar movement which are extant or have been translated by the U.S. government and introduced as evidence during the trial of U.S.A. vs. Franz Bopp (now in the U.S. archives in San Bruno, California), are almost exclusively concerned with nationalist and anti-British issues.
		It is not fair to describe the factional disputes within the Ghadar organization as Hindu versus Sikh; nonetheless, the death of Ram Chandra removed the last Hindu intellectual of significance from the movement's leadership.
	www.sikhpioneers.org /ghadarsyndrome2.html (2348 words)

	Indian Independence Movement: Key Landmarks in the Indian Freedom Struggle
		The literature of the Ghadar Party was also the clearest in describing the depth of misery that the common people of India experienced under British rule.
		Pandit Sohan Lal Pathak, one of the outstanding leaders of the Ghadar Party was hanged on February 10, 1916 in Mandalay jail for inciting rebellion against the British rule.
		In many respects, the analysis of Indian conditions by the Ghadar Party and of the Indian Communists was very similiar, and in spite of the repression they faced, their message continued to draw followers.
	members.tripod.com /~INDIA_RESOURCE/freedom.html (5422 words)

	IREF
		The major weakness of the Ghadar Party was its exceptionally poor sense of secrecy, which made it an easy target for British imperialism, armed as the latter was with the knowledge of the Ghadarites' plans, not to say a monstrous police and military machine for suppression of the Indian people.
		The second weakness of the leadership of the Ghadar Party was its failure to understand the essence of imperialism.
		Notwithstanding these weaknesses, the Ghadar movement, though cruelly suppressed by the British imperial authorities, left a rich revolutionary legacy and made an indelible mark on the freedom movement, inspiring a whole generation of revolutionaries with its courage and self-sacrificing heroism.
	www.homestead.com /iref/RevStruggle.html (2829 words)

	NationMaster.com - Encyclopedia: Flag of India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In 1931, the Congress party adopted another flag with the colours saffron, white and green, and featuring the "Charkha" (spinning-wheel) in the centre, as their official flag.
		The Ghadar Party flag was also used in the United States as a symbol for India for a short period of time.
		Although this flag was not adopted as the official flag of the Indian National Congress party, it was nevertheless widely used during the freedom movement.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Flag-of-India (8934 words)

	hks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		It was only the Ghadar Party whose youth gave up their home and hearths and came back to the country to give a call for freedom.
		The Ghadar Party leaders changed their tactics according to the changing conditions and in the end adopted a scientific viewpoint.
		Many parties in the country whether regional or formed in order to preserve the separate identity of provinces on linguistic basis are cooperating with the BJP because of its opposition to the Congress.
	www.ganashakti.com /old/2000/000410/feature.htm (3560 words)

	Untitled Document
		And, though Punjab was almost infamous during the years before the Ghadar rising for its inattention to nationalist politics and known for the loyalty of the Punjabi soldiers in the British Indian Army, the province was not totally without a tradition that could be identified as the antecedent of the Ghadar uprising.
		The Ghadar rising in Punjab was especially threatening to the British, for the Sikhs were represented in the army in numbers vastly disproportionate to their percentage of the population.
		Thus the Ghadar Party’s activities in Punjab, and those of other revolutionary and terrorist bodies in other parts of India, contributed to the increasing sense of insecurity among the British rulers, while other processes set in motion by the British themselves worked to hasten the end of the Raj.
	people.lib.ucdavis.edu /tss/punjab/HistoricalAssesment.html (1788 words)

	Canada Election 2004 Voter Guide: Political Parties - Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist)
		Sandra L. Smith (the widow of the party founder and long-time leader, Hardial Bains).
		The Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist) is registered with Elections Canada by the name "Marxist-Leninist Party of Canada" only so as to avoid confusion with the other Communist Party of Canada.
		Bains was a leader of the anti-revisionist movement internationally and founded or helped found anti-revisionist parties around the world including the Hindustani Ghadar Party (Organisation of Indian Marxist-Leninists Abroad), the Revolutionary Communist Party of Britain (Marxist-Leninist), and the Communist Party of Ireland (Marxist-Leninist) and the Communist Ghadar Party of India.
	www.mondopolitico.com /elections/canada2004/parties/marxist.htm (355 words)

	Historical Sikh Events at Gateway to Sikhism:History of the Ghadar Movement
		The Ghadar Movement was a movement of patriotic, progressive, democratic, and enlightened Indians living abroad, working for the emancipation of India from the yoke of British colonialism and the birth of a new India based on national and social emancipation.
		Besides Ghadar, the Yugantar Ashram, the headquarters of the Ghadar Party, also brought out various publications to raise the consciousness of the people and organize them to revolt against the British.
		A precursor of Ghadar, The Talvar, which was printed in Berlin, had on its front page in a April-May 1910 issue a couplet from Bhadur Shah Zafar, one of the leaders of the Ghadar of 1857, and the lead article was dedicated to May 10, 1857, the date of the uprising.
	www.allaboutsikhs.com /events/ghadar.htm (2876 words)

	JaTT INC - The online home of Jatt's around the world
		Several leaders of Ghadar Party and organizers were arrested and imprisoned in Lahore; 82 of them were charged for sedition in Lahore Conspiracy Case on April 26,1916 and 17 Ghadarites were declared absconding and international non-bailable warrants for their arrest were issued.
		At the time of the founding of the Ghadar Party, resolutions were passed in support of the Palestinian people, people of Indo-China, against US Imperialism, fl people in their struggle against racism in the USA, and the people of Canada and Quebec in their struggle against the domination of USA.
		Communist Ghadar Party declared at its founding that only the people of India, workers, peasants, women, youth, students, all the nations, and nationalities by their united forces can liberate India from medieval darkness and bring about prosperity, freedom, enlightenment and dignity to India.
	www.jatt.com /history/ghadar.party.asp (13047 words)

	History of the Ghadar Movement
		Rattan Singh, Santokh Singh and Barkatullah were representatives of the Ghadar Party who traveled in various countries to consolidate and strengthen the work of the Ghadar Party.
		"the Ghadar Party in 1925 established a Workers and Peasant Party (Kirti Kisan Party) in the Punjab.
		The aims of the Kirti Kisan Party were (1) to achieve complete independence from British Imperialism by every possible method in order to liberate the workers and peasants from political, economic and social serfdom and to establish their democratic power; and (2) to organize the workers and peasants.
	www.punjabilok.com /misc/freedom/history_of_the_ghadar_movement10.htm (741 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The flag of the Ghadar Party, the flag that inspired the Ghadaris to brave the greatest hardships and court the biggest sacrifices with the song of freedom and liberation on their lips, was fluttering aloft all the posts in the complex.
		The Communist Ghadar party hails the initiative of the Desh Bhagat Yaadgar Committee in organising this function as an invaluable contribution to the cause of restoring communist unity as well as the political unity of the workers and peasants around a program of deep going transformation.
		One of his greatest contributions was towards creating that instrument, the revolutionary communist party, that was capable of resolutely and skillfully leading the proletariat to victory throughout the complicated conditions of class war and in the fierce class battles against the bourgeoisie.
	pv.cgpi.org /pv300400.htm (5010 words)

	People's Voice - Organ of CGPI January 1-15, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		It contrasted the process of selection of candidates by the political parties of the bourgeoisie, with the process by which people, organised in their workplaces and residential areas select their own candidates, as was actually done by the party during the recent elections.
		The result was there for all to see, in the manner in which the comrades of the Party have released their revolutionary initiative, in carrying out the great responsibilities the party and the working class movement assigned them.
		The Central Committee of the Communist Ghadar Party of India expresses its deep sorrow at the passing away of Comrade Ma Gurusamy Thevar, a staunch fighter for the cause of revolution.
	pv.cgpi.org /pv150104.htm (5242 words)

	Pioneer Sikh Asian East Indian Immigration to the Pacific Coast from the Punjab Famous Gadarites
		The party was only one and half years old and was not fully established when the first World War broke out in 1914 and the Ghardrites had to declare war against the British rule in India without full preparation.
		The leaders of the Gadar Party were arrested the very moment they placed their feet on the Indian soil; it broke the backbone of the party.
		Consequently the Hindustan Ghadar Party was founded in Yugantar Ashram at San Francisco in Nov., 1913 with Baba Sohan Singh Bhakna as president, L. Har Dayal as secretary and Pt Kanshi Ram as treasurer.
	www.sikhpioneers.org /famous.html (14570 words)

	Sarabha2
		The Ghadar Party was founded in March 1913 in Astoria in the state of Washington.
		The Ghadar Party was initially formed by representatives of Oregon and Washington.
		When the party decided to ask its members to leave for India to work for the revolution, Kartar Singh was in the first batch who boarded the ship for India.
	gadar.homestead.com /Sarabha2.html (3104 words)

	eBharat History History - -> Modern India -> Ghadar movement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		To overcome this difficulty, the party had to resort to forcible acquisition of funds by under-taking political dacoities.
		Before the new leadership came forward and reorganized the movement's plans, the British Government "knew much more about their designs and was in a better position to cope with them." In spite of this, the Ghadrites in the central Punjab murdered policemen and informers and attempted to derail trains and blow up bridges.
		The police raided the party headquarters at four different places in Lahore and arrested 13 of the "most dangerous revolutionaries." All cantonments were alerted and the Indian troops placed under vigilance; some were even disarmed.
	history.ebharat.in /modern_india/ghadar_movement.html (2189 words)

	Gadar Party
		UCD Shields DS481.D365 A5 1923 Deol, Gurdev Singh, 1929- The role of the Ghadar Party in the national movement.
		UCB Main DS479.J641 1979 Josh, Sohan Singh, 1898- Baba Sohan Singh Bhakna; life of the founder of the Ghadar Party, by Sohan Singh Josh.
		Omvedt, Gail Armed struggle in India: the Ghadar Party [3 part series] Frontier [Calcutta]; v.7:29 (Nov. 9, 1974); v.7:30 (Nov. 16, 1974); v.7:31 (Nov. 23, 1974).
	www.lib.berkeley.edu /SSEAL/SouthAsia/gadar.html (904 words)

	Bhai Udham Singh’s Letter to the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
		The literature on the Ghadar Party refers to one Bhai Udham Singh Kasel who worked in a lumber mill near Portland, Oregon, U.S.A., who formed ‘The Hindustani Association’ in Astoria, Oregon when his mill closed down in the winter of 1912.
		The documents presented here are redolent of the tradition of the Ghadar Party and reflect the transitional period of this tendency which straddled both national-revolutionary and communist positions.
		Gurdev Singh Deol, ‘The Role of the Ghadar Party in the National Movement’, Jullundur and Delhi, 1969, pp.
	www.revolutionarydemocracy.org /rdv7n2/busingh.htm (2467 words)

	A famous uprising -DAWN Magazine; June 12, 2005
		Two newspapers under the title Ghadar, one in the Punjabi language and the other in Urdu were started by this association, which helped awaken national feelings amongst the immigrants.
		The Ghadr Party’s ambitious plan to oust foreign rulers from their homeland was to invade Kashmir from China, then go for Punjab and subsequently other provinces.
		The Ghadar Party established its own press and published small pamphlets in Urdu, Punjabi and Hindi which were distributed among students and the soldiers stationed in all cantonments in the NWFP, Punjab and the United Provinces.
	www.dawn.com /weekly/dmag/archive/050612/dmag14.htm (1237 words)

	More on the charlatan Hardial Bains
		Hardial Bains was the national leader of the Communist Party of Canada (M-L).
		He was also the founder of the Revolutionary Communist Party of Britain (M-L), Communist Party of Trinidad and Tobago, Communist Party of Ireland (M-L) and the Communist Ghadar Party of India.
		After Hardial died in 1997, these Comrades in India stated that they had failed in uniting the various communist parties and groups in India and summarized their activities in the last twenty years thus "The main point is that in the last twenty years this situation (in India) has not changed".
	www.leninism.org /stream/98/hardial-1st-anniv.htm (2485 words)

	Workers Daily Internet Edition Year 2005 No. 32
		WDIE is pleased to announce that the Communist Ghadar Party of India held its Third Congress in Delhi from January 27-29, 2005.
		When we speak of Britain, Blair and his government, like all other bourgeois governments and bourgeois parliamentary parties, have revealed themselves as instruments of the bourgeois state, and the crisis of such governments and parties is the crisis of the bourgeois state and its inability to take public opinion with it.
		At the same time, our Party has always stressed that it is the duty of the entire working class and people to fight racism and discrimination, to defend the rights of all, to smash the chauvinism that the bourgeoisie and the labour aristocracy try to impose on them.
	www.rcpbml.org.uk /wdie-05/d05-032.htm (1533 words)

	Gadar Party, 1913 - 1915
		The GADAR or GHADAR PARTY was secular in character.
		GADAR Party was the popular name of the "Hindi Association of the Pacific Coast" which ran the newspaper "GADAR" which was loved by every Indian.
		The GADAR Party was a revolt against the British rule in India and it was started and organized by the Indian immigrants to Canada and the United States of America.
	www.punjabilok.com /misc/freedom/gadar_party1.htm (487 words)

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