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Topic: Ghawar Field

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	Ghawar: The Anatomy of the World’s Largest Oil Field, by Abdulkader M. Afifi, #20026 (2004).
		Field party and equipment, Khamees ibn Rimthan and Ernie Berg during a break in mapping, and map of southern part of Ghawar structure, in area of Haradh.
		Deep Ghawar structure, as depicted in Figure 10 by Silurian dip magnitude and Permian-Silurian isochron, is characterized by eroded sections in the southern and northern paleo-culminations.
		S content is lowest in the south and in the northwesternmost part of the field; it is more than 5% in an elongated area north of the central part of the field and in a more restricted area in the northeasternmost part (Figure 22).
	www.searchanddiscovery.net /documents/2004/afifi01/index.htm (1947 words)

	Oil field: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ghawar field is a large oil field in saudi arabia....
		The burgan field in the desert of southeastern kuwait is one of the worlds largest and richest oil fields....
		The wilmington oil field is a large petroleum field in los angeles county in southern california in the united states....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/o/oi/oil_field.htm (1088 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : Oscar For An Oilfield
		Ghawar is the largest known oil field, not only in Aramco's concession area, but in the world.
		The northernmost portion of Ghawar field lies about 60 miles west of the Arabian Gulf port city of Dammam, which is a 20-minute drive north of Aramco's headquarters community of Dhahran.
		Ghawar field is pulling its weight to help meet the world's urgent—and increasing—requirements for energy.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/197306/oscar.for.an.oilfield.htm (1221 words)

	The elephant of all elephants - history & geology of Saudi Arabia's Ghawar Field \| Energy Bulletin
		Discovered in 1948, Ghawar is the world's biggest oil field, stretching 174 miles in length and 16 miles across to encompass 1.3 million acres.
		The anatomy of Ghawar was the topic of a presentation given by Abdulkader Afifi, senior geological consultant at Saudi Aramco, during his recent U.S. tour as an AAPG Distinguished Lecturer.
		Ghawar is a north-trending anticlinal structure, which is expressed on the surface by outcrops of Tertiary rocks.
	www.energybulletin.net /node/3889 (1091 words)

	The Oil Drum \| The Status of North Ghawar
		But we have some folks who are still going to be claiming that Ghawar is fine as their rusty V8 engine blocks thump loudly to the floor, corroded from their vehicles by excessive attempts to drive with left-over injected sea water for fuel.
		10) field of Ghawar is a 91-m thick carbonate rock sequence consisting of various carbon- ate rock types that exhibit an overall stratigraphic downward decrease in porosity with a corresponding increase in dolomite content.
		As an example Simulation of Vertical Fractures and Stratiform Permeability of the Ghawar Field provides a figure that answers precisely the question of where the Uthmaniyah map and cross section output we have goes.
	www.theoildrum.com /node/2441 (7247 words)

	[No title]
		For those who don't know much about Ghawar, it is by far the largest conventional oil field in the world, measuring an estimated 175 miles by 20 miles (280km by 30 km).
		Currently, the huge field is said to produce between 4.5 and 5 million barrels of oil per day by outside observers, which is over 6 percent of global production.
		According to industry experts a few months ago Ghawar was producing 55 percent water -- in other words, more than half of the fluid brought to the surface was not oil.
	www.informationclearinghouse.info /article17077.htm (1512 words)

	ipedia.com: Oil field Article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Drilling in a small oil field Near Sarnia, Ontario, 2001 An oil field is an area with an abundance of wells extracting petroleum from below ground.
		An oil field is an area with an abundance of wells extracting petroleum (oil) from below ground.
		Thus, the typical oil field resembles a small self-contained city in the midst of a landscape dotted with oil derricks and/or the pump jacks known as "nodding donkeys" because of their bobbing arm.
	www.ipedia.com /oil_field.html (326 words)

	Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - The Ghawar oil field: How much is left?
		For those who don't know much about Ghawar, it is by far the largest conventional oil field in the world, measuring an estimated 175 miles by 20 miles (280 km by 30 km).
		The spokesman went on to say that measures were being taken to offset the decline, but that the only true solution to declining oil supplies is to locate new fields, and it is beyond debate that discoveries have not kept pace with growing global demand.
		The question of whether Ghawar's production is in permanent wane is of vital importance for the global industrial society, yet it has never been broached in a serious way by the mainstream media.
	www.gasandoil.com /goc/news/ntm71127.htm (1460 words)

	Basement tectonics of Saudi Arabia as related to oil field structures, by H. Stewart Edgell
		The latter oil fields all follow a NE to NNE trend believed to be due to left-lateral strike-slip faulting in the basement, as seen in Kuh-e Namak on the Iranian side of the Gulf.
		Offshore and coastal Saudi oil fields are primarily controlled by deep-seated diapirism from the Upper Proterozoic salt beds of the Hormuz Series, triggered by intersecting basement faults, as in Dammam and Abu Sa'afah, or by basement strike-slip faults, as in Kurayn, Jana and Jurayd.
		An interpretation of the evolution of the stress field in northeastern Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf from Late Proterozoic to Late Cenozoic is shown in Fig.
	perso.wanadoo.fr /brcgranier/gmeop/Edgell_1992.htm (7816 words)

	Trouble in the World's Largest Oil Field-Ghawar \| Energy Bulletin
		Ghawar is, therefore, extremely important to the world's economy and well being.
		It is the largest field ever discovered, its deep sandstone reservoir at one time had held perhaps one-seventh of the world's known oil reserves, and its well produced roughly one of every 12 barrels of crude consumed on earth.
		Ghawar is largely made of dung, which would be hard pressed to be concentrated during a global flood and thus contradicts the young-earth creationist claims.
	www.energybulletin.net /node/1269 (1748 words)

	Midland, Texas, February 17, 2004
		The Ghawar field in Saudi Arabia is the largest and arguably the most productive oil field in the world.
		The field produces from limestones and dolostones of the Arab D Formation of Late Jurassic age and covers some 10,000 square kilometers.
		Integrating data from the Ghawar field with data from the Permian Basin confirms and strengthens fundamental relationships between rock fabrics and petrophysics.
	www.beg.utexas.edu /mainweb/presentations/2004_presentations/lucia021704ab.htm (297 words)

	Oil field Totally Explained
		Because an oil field may be remote from civilization, establishing a field is often an extremely complicated exercise in logistics.
		Thus, the typical oil field resembles a small self-contained city in the midst of a landscape dotted with drilling rigs and/or the pump jacks known as "nodding donkeys" because of their bobbing arm.
		The largest are the Ghawar Field in Saudi Arabia and the Burgan Field in Kuwait, with more than 60 billion barrels estimated in each.
	oil_field.totallyexplained.com (502 words)

	AllRefer.com - Saudi Arabia - Crude Oil Reserves and Production Capacity \| Saudi Arabian Information Resource
		The world's largest oil field, Al Ghawar, located in the Al Ahsa region of the Eastern Province, is 250 kilometers long and 35 kilometers wide at its greatest extent.
		The major producing fields discovered after Al Ghawar, mainly in the 1960s and early 1970s, are offshore and include Manifah, Abu Safah, Al Barri, Az Zuluf, Al Marjan, and Al Khafji in the Divided Zone.Saudi Arabia had a total of 789 flowing wells during 1990, up from 555 producing wells in 1983.
		Al Ghawar field produces crude ranging from API gravity 33 degrees to 40 degrees, which is considered light crude oil in the kingdom but is generally heavier than most international light crude oils.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/saudi-arabia/saudi-arabia60.html (798 words)

	WorldNetDaily: Saudi Arabia: 1.2 trillion barrels of oil ... or more
		Ghawar is well known as the world's largest oilfield within the petroleum industry and among analysts and energy journalists.
		Their argument would be that fields such as Ghawar might well contain oil in multiple strata of sedimentary rock, down all the way to the bedrock.
		An important, but neglected, study of the bedrock underlying the Saudi oil fields provided strong evidence that the oil fields resulted from fractures and faults in the basement rock, not from a disproportionately large number of dinosaurs having died for some reason or another uniquely on the Arabian Peninsula.
	www.wnd.com /news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=47313 (1125 words)

	Saudi Arabia’s Ghawar Isn’t Sinking (but has apparently moved) : EclipseNow
		The alignment of their data is facilitated by date palm groves located east of the field, some prominant (white) features west of the field, and irrigation circles to the south.
		One result of the corrected field geography is that their interpretation that the southern-most region of enhanced drilling activity in 2004-2007 was due to the Hawiyah NGL project (a revised conclusion from their first report) becomes cloudy given that over half of the “hot spot” is now in Uthmaniyah.
		Ghawar may be crashing, or it might be doing just fine, but their current interpretation and data set don’t really push the needle one way or the other.It is likely true that Shedgum is being drilled for the remaining oil, and visual evidence suggests that Uthmaniyah and Hawiyah are attracting serious attention as well.
	www.eclipsenow.org /archives/1785 (2010 words)

	European Tribune - Community, Politics & Progress.
		BP has invested heavily in the field via its purchase of 50% of TNK, but as the table below (from an official BP presentation (pdf)) shows, more than two thirds of the oil to be recovered, in the most optimistic scenarios, already has.
		The peak output of the Burgan oil field will now be around 1.7 million barrels per day, and not the two million barrels per day forecast for the rest of the field's 30 to 40 years of life, Chairman Farouk Al-Zanki told Bloomberg.
		The average decline rate in Saudi Aramco's mature fields - Ghawar and a few others - "is in the range of 8 percent per year," without additional remediation, according to the company's statement.
	www.eurotrib.com /story/2006/1/26/92729/4616 (3712 words)

	RaptureChrist Newsletter June 1, 2005
		Saudi Arabia has 25% of the world's proven oil reserves, 60% of that production comes from one giant oil field, the Ghawar field, an oilfield so gigantic that there is nothing like it on earth.
		The Ghawar field was first developed in 1951.
		In Iraq, the Rumelia oil field in the south, which produces 60% of Iraq's oil, is also damaged.
	www.rapturechrist.com /newsletterjune1_2005.htm (756 words)

	Ghawar Is Dying
		Those hand-written numbers are given to a field technician who dutifully records them, one well at a time, in a computer database.
		By the time Ghawar begins to die--and by the time we hear about it--hundreds of other oil fields all over the world will also be dead and gone.
		Ghawar will still be pumping crude oil at an impressive rate as the industrial world of man comes to a creaking, painful halt.
	www.newcolonist.com /ghawar.html (1247 words)

	S. Arabia expected to meet rising oil demand -DAWN - Business; September 30, 2007
		Ghawar is hence crucial to continued Saudi production and meeting the galloping global requirements.
		However, Staniford concedes that the southern Ghawar still holds a lot of oil, agreeing that the kingdom’s push to find new fields could still bear fruit.
		However, Staniford underlined that northern Ghawar was developed first, only because it was by far the most promising field and hence its production cannot be easily replaced.
	www.dawn.com /2007/09/30/ebr18.htm (601 words)

	Ghawar Field Totally Explained
		Ghawar occupies an anticline above a basement fault block dating to Carboniferous time, about 320 million years ago; Cretaceous tectonic activity, as the northeast margin of Africa began to impinge on southwest Asia, enhanced the structure.
		Reservoir rocks are Jurassic Arab-D limestones with exceptional porosity (as much as 35% of the rock in places), sourced from the Jurassic Hanifa formation, a marine shelf deposit of mud and lime with as much as 5% organic material (1% to 2% is considered good oil source rock).
		Some sources claim Ghawar peaked in 2005, though this is strongly contested by the field operators.
	ghawar.totallyexplained.com (586 words)

	[No title]
		Saudi fields are not publically documented while most others are, so a collapse could come far sooner than is widely recognized.
		ARAMCO ceased publication of production statistics by oil field when it was nationalized in the late 1970s, but their engineers continue to publish technical papers on problems, successes, and difficulties.
		Oil fields tend to be produced at the safe rate as long as possible, after which history shows there to be an exponential decay of about 50% per decade.
	sepwww.stanford.edu /sep/jon/saudi.html (1141 words)

	Ghawar Field, Saudi Arabia
		The Ghawar Oil Field is by far the largest conventional oil field in the world and accounts for more than half of the cumulative oil production of Saudi Arabia.
		The fact that the Ghawar oil-water contact is substantially higher on the west flank than on the east indicates a hydrodynamic gradient to the east, which may explain the much larger volume of oil in Ghawar than in Khurais.
		The contact is consistently higher on the west flank of the field than on the east, and a tar mat is associated with the original contact.
	www.gregcroft.com /ghawar.ivnu (1040 words)

	Skrebowski-Darley (5/2004) - Global Public Media
		So if you’ve got a field that costs you a billion dollars to develop - if it has 1-billion barrels in it, the unit cost per barrel is one dollar, but if it has 2-billion barrels in it, then the unit cost is 50 cents.
		Q31: That seems to lead naturally to the idea of the oil field mega-projects, which you’ve surveyed, I think for a number of years now, and your most recent report on the oil field mega-projects was at least showing there are some problems up ahead.
		The big fields are the profitable ones for the companies; the big fields are the ones that ensure a reliable supply for the consumers.
	www.globalpublicmedia.com /transcripts/236 (4757 words)

	Crisis Energética - Ghawar se agota (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Part of this is because the Saudi's inject large quantities of water into the reservoir and much of it comes back to the producing wells immediately though the system.
		Ghawar se agota - Escrito por: hemp sobre viernes, julio 30 2004 @ 10:11 CEST
		Ghawar se agota - Escrito por: hemp sobre sábado, julio 31 2004 @ 05:25 CEST
	www.crisisenergetica.org /article.php?story=20040730181107762 (2354 words)

	321energy :: Depletion Levels in Ghawar :: Stuart Staniford
		Haradh is the southernmost region in the field.
		Now that we have a feel for what the reservoir rock layers are like, and the different operating areas of the field, we are in a better position to assess various other pieces of evidence for the position of the flood front in recent years.
		In the 1960s and 1970s the associated gases from part of the field were injected back into the reservoir at two locations due to unavailability of gas processing facilities and to avoid excessive flaring.
	www.321energy.com /editorials/staniford/staniford051807.html (14402 words)

	Tracking Saudi Oil From Space - WSJ.com
		Saudi Arabia has long contended that its famed Ghawar field, responsible for around 7% of global supply, remains in fine shape and will continue to churn out around five million barrels a day for years.
		Theories of Ghawar's travails were fueled recently by reports that the number of drilling rigs in the kingdom tripled between 2004 and 2007.
		McMahon says, the radar found the northernmost part of the field, known as Shedgum, "was actually slightly uplifted." Bernstein attributed this rise to heavy water injection and what it surmised was Aramco's use of enhanced oil-recovery techniques, which boosted underground pressure enough to lift the ground level.
	online.wsj.com /article/SB121002229576468609.html (1020 words)

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