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Topic: Ghegs

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	Albania - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		Albanians are divided by the Shkumbin River into two major dialect groups: the Ghegs in the north and the Tosks in the south.
		The Ghegs, who make up two-thirds of Albanians, are less intermarried with non-Albanians than the Tosks, who throughout history were more often subjected to foreign rule and other foreign influences.
		In the past, the Ghegs were organized in clans and the Tosks in a semifeudal society, but the Communists largely erased both types of organization.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761561564___10/Albania.html (1194 words)

	Gheg Albanians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Living in the mountainous regions to the north of the Shkumbin River is where the Ghegs reside.
		The Ghegs are known to be reserved and warlike as they are direct descendants of the Illyrians who were the main inhabitants of Albania in the 17th century B.C. They are thought of as being warlike due to the major battles that the Illyrians encountered while trying to maintain their possession of Albania.
		Many folk dances where performed by the Ghegs, which included the commoner dance where the performers moved in a rectangular pattern with occasional pirouettes, as they danced along to a flute or a bagpipe.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/oldworld/europe/ghegalbanians.html (431 words)

	Albania - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		The Albanians are divided into two main branches: the Ghegs and the Tosks.
		The border between the two groups is roughly formed by the River Shkumbi, the Ghegs occupying the area to the north and the Tosks occupying the area to the south.
		Gheg Albanian, said to be unintelligible with Tosk, is the next most widely spoken language (with 300,000 mother-tongue speakers).
	uk.encarta.msn.com /text_761561564___7/Albania.html (552 words)

	Albania and the Dinaric Race
		The Ghegs still preserve their system of exogamous patrilineal clans, comparable to that of the Montenegrins; they are divided into ten tribes of which at least part of each lies in Albania itself, and three or perhaps more outside.
		The head hair of the Ghegs is usually wavy, and medium to fine in texture; it is of greater than average abundance for Europeans on mustache, cheek, jaw, and on the body; at the same time the correlative tendency to baldness is strong here.
		As a result of the foregoing division of the Gheg material into natural sub-racial compartments, it becomes apparent that the Dinaric race, in the sense of a tall, convex-nosed, long-faced population inhabiting the mountain zone which stretches from Switzerland to Albania, is a composite aggregation of racial types.
	www.snpa.nordish.net /chapter-XII13.htm (3764 words)

	Question about Tosk and Ghegs in Albania? - Albanian Forums
		Is it true in the country Abania, the Tosk represent 82.6% of the population and the Ghegs represent 9.2% of the population?
		I thought they were Ghegs and I thought all the Tosk Albanians were in Southern Albania but then someone from tetovo told me that Strugas were Tosk and then he said he wasnt sure.
		Gheg and Tosk georgaphically are separated in the Shkumbin River in Elbasan (Central Albania).
	www.albanian.com /community/vbl/showthread.php?t=5565 (670 words)

	Another Balkan dilemma: Albania and Kosovo. - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		First, Albanians are divided into two main groups: the Ghegs, living in the North (where a third of the population lives) and the Tosks, living in the South.
		Second, it is widely, albeit perhaps erroneously, believed that some two-thirds of the citizens of Albania are nominally Moslems (belonging to a number of different Islamic sects), whereas one-third are Christians with Orthodox Christians outnumbering Catholics by approximately fifty per cent.
		The present-day ruling elite is dominated by Ghegs most of whom are Moslems.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1G1-18605353.html (1312 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		There are two major dialect groups, the Ghegs, to the north of the Shkumbin River, and the Tosks, to the south.
		In the past, the Ghegs were organized in clans and the Tosks in a semifeudal society.
		During Enver Hoxha's regime in Albania, the cultural and economic differences between the Ghegs and the Tosks were suppressed.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Albanians (1388 words)

	The Frosina Forum: Peter Prifti: Reflections on A.S. Gill’s
		True, a long time ago the Ghegs were more insular and provincial, but that is no longer the case.
		Ghegs and Tosks are one and the same people, sharing basically the same culture and character traits.
		In fact, the very terms “Gheg” and “Tosk” are rapidly falling into disuse in present-day Albania, for the reason that they are hardly relevant any more.
	www.frosina.org /forum/get_topic.asp?FID=1&TID=5593&DIR=P (1608 words)

	Albanian Islamic World
		Albania is one of the most ancient and ethnically homogeneous countries in the world; about 99 per cent of its people are Albanian, a group that descended from the Illyrians, an Indo-European people who inhabited the European continent from the ancient times.
		The border between the two groups is formed by the River Shkumbin, the Ghegs occupying the area to the north up to Kosova and Montenegro and the Tosks occupying the area to the south including Chams of South Epir (on Greece).
		After the establishment of the Communist government in 1944, an official language, based on the Tosk dialect, was adopted in Albania.
	muslimsonline.com /~albanian/albania.html (433 words)

	Balkan Repository Project - ICG Balkans N0 36, Kosovo - The view from Tirana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Moreover, the arrival of Kosovo Albanians in Albania in recent years and their influence in some unsavory spheres of the economy have caused resentment among Albanians from Albania proper, most of whom are too preoccupied with the daily struggle for existence to devote much time or thought to national questions.
		Given the current weakness of the Albanian Army and latent hostility between Ghegs and Tosks, there is a danger that the KLA will in time extend its theater of operation to Albania proper.
		Moreover, the arrival of Kosovo Albanians in Albania in recent years and their influence in some unsavory spheres of the economy have caused resentment among Albanian Albanians, most of whom are too preoccupied with the daily struggle for existence to devote much time or thought to national questions.
	www.balkan-archive.org.yu /politics/kosovo/html/icg.html (6427 words)

	Albania and the Dinaric Race
		The Catholics are all Ghegs, the Orthodox all Toscs.
		In various tribes different rules hold as to the determination of when this relationship may become so remote that the marriage restriction breaks down; in some, after one hundred generations; in others, only when the exact relationship is unknown.
		A very strongly differentiated type which is characterized by medium stature, exceptional brachycephaly, great narrowness and convexity of the nose, a high incidence of occipital flattening, and a tendency to light brown eye color in combination with dark brown hair.
	carnby.altervista.org /troe/12-13.htm (3756 words)

	Music of Albania - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Albanians (and the ethnic-Albanian Kosovars of nearby Serbia) are commonly divided into three groupings: the northern Ghegs and southern Labs and Tosks.
		The northern and southern traditions are contrasted by the "rugged and heroic" tone of the north and the "relaxed, gentle and exceptionally beautiful" form of the south.
		The Ghegs from north of the Shkumbini River are known for a distinctive variety of sung epic poetry.
	www.knowledgehunter.info /wiki/Music_of_Albania (2562 words)

	Albania: May 1997 Report
		Even Shkoder, the largest city on the north, a political thermometer of Albania a kind, which ever since local elections last October when it refused to vote for the Democratic Party candidate for local authorities but gave its votes to the right, sent clear signals in that sense.
		CNN used the already forgotten map on the division between the Ghegs and Toscas on the river Shkumbin.
		After that the Albanian TV insisted on the claim that the territorial sovereignty of Albania was endangered and that there were plans for its new dismemberment.
	balkansnet.org /albania1.html (1336 words)

	Institut Cultur Prospectiv - regions & INTAS-project - Albania
		This north-south division was of great importance in the history of the state: Ghegs and Tosks were always divided in the ruling party and the opposition.
		Zog was Gheg, the Hoxhaist communists were Tosks, the leaders of the Democratic Party were Ghegs and the now ruling Socialists are Tosk dominated.
		The Ghegs in the north were significantly less influenced by the Ottomans but had more contacts to the Italian (Catholic) culture.
	www.culturprospectiv.ch /regions/albania.html (2443 words)

	Albanians
		The Ghegs live in the northern half of the country, and the Tosks live in the south.
		The two main Albanian groups—the Ghegs in the north and the Tosks in the south—both speak Albanian but use different pronunciations.
		Many writers and political activitists spoke the Gheg dialect, and they kept it alive in the north of the country.
	www.everyculture.com /wc/Afghanistan-to-Bosnia-Herzegovina/Albanians.html (2030 words)

	CNN - Albanian troubles expose north-south differences - Mar. 11, 1997
		Government troops have dug in north of the Shkumbin River, pulling back to the historic fault line dividing this river country's two major ethnic groups: the Ghegs in the north and the Tosks in the south.
		That gap was something Berisha quickly made up for when he came to office, filling security ministries and the parliament forces with his northern brethren, and fueling distrust in the south.
		The Ghegs are mountain people still deeply rooted to their traditions; they are more isolated and less sophisticated than their southern neighbors.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/9703/11/albania.split (488 words)

	Print Albania: A Mere Supporter of Kosovo Team in the Grandstand
		And again that is why while violence was escalating in Kosovo during the 1980s and the beginning of 1990s, the Albanian government, which was dominated by Tosks, adopted a restraint attitude towards the problem.
		While there is some public support for Kosovo’s independence in Albania (especially among the Ghegs of northern region), this is based on general sympathy for the situation of Kosovo Albanians.
		Moreover, if Kosovo and Albania become one, the Ghegs would become majority and this would mean a shift of power from the Tosks to the Ghegs.
	www.axisglobe.com /print_article.asp?article=819 (1874 words)

	Albanians Summary
		In Albania, the Albanians form two cultural groups separated by the Shkumbin River: the northern Albanians or Ghegs, sometimes spelled Gegs, and the southern Albanians or Tosks.
		Though dialect and cultural differences between the Ghegs and Tosks can be substantial, both sides strongly identify with their common national and ethnic culture, and both speak dialects of Albanian, an Indo-European language.
		In Europe, in addition to the Republic of Albania with its centrally located capital city of Tirana, Albanians live in ethnically compact settlements in other large areas of the southwest Balkan Peninsula.
	www.bookrags.com /Albanians (2011 words)

	UNYT::University of New York Tirana
		In religion Tirana was typical of central Albania, where Ghegs from the North and Tosks from the South make up the population.
		This is reflected in the fact that about half of the population adhered to the Rufay order of dervishes, very popular among the Ghegs, and the other half belonged to the Bektashi order, which is known to have been favoured by the Tosks.
		Late Ottoman Tirana, at the beginning of the century is thought to have contained 40 mosques, tekkes and mescids.
	www.unyt.edu.al /tirana.aspx (948 words)

	The three albanian communities and their perspectives - six months later
		During the Enver Hoxha’s regime in Albania, the cultural, ethnographic, linguistic and economic differences between the North and the South were muted and repressed.
		The conclusion of some respondents, made just to facilitate our understanding of the differences, is a typical social evaluation: “Tosks from the South are the intellectuals, the real politicians and creators, while Ghegs have always been military men, the soldier’s and the police class and they remained the same.
		The relations between the two basic groups of Ghegs and Tosks represent a constant rivalry for superiority, which very often oversteps the laws in force.
	www.omda.bg /imir/studies/albcomm3.html (2437 words)

	International Affairs: THE POWDERKEG OF EUROPE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		President Berisha and most of his government are Ghegs.
		The ancient credo of Gheg mountaineers was: 'guns, tobacco, raki (local firewater) and women' - in that order.
		Albania's foreign patrons, the US and Italy, are bringing heavy pressure on President Berisha to call new elections and allow the opposition to take power.
	www.e-z.net /wtv/ia-albania2.htm (627 words)

	Albania
		The feud between their supporters runs far deeper than personal quarrels; Nano and Berisha are merely representations of Albania's divided ethnic groups, the Northern Ghegs and the Southern Tosks.
		With no war, the Tosks and the Ghegs have no reason to cooperate and have reverted to their old feuds.
		If NATO supported Berisha, it would be supporting the ethnic Albanian population it supported in Kosovo, along with the Albanian Ghegs.
	www.tpwmi.com /albania.html (1004 words)

	Open Secrets Review - Alice Laidlaw
		The chief figure is Canadian-born Charlotte, who is kidnapped in the 1920’s by a primitive Albanian tribe, the Ghegs, but returns to tell her story.
		The storyline exists on three levels—Charlotte’s life as a captive of the Ghegs, Charlotte’s story told years later to Claire in Victoria, and Claire’s own confused tale of marital unhappiness and escape.
		In other selections, a self-reliant farm woman is convinced by her friends to submit to a traditional marriage, although she is obviously reluctant.
	www.enotes.com /salem-lit/open-secrets (302 words)

	Amazon.ca: Women Who Become Men : Albanian Sworn Virgins: Books: Antonia Young (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The Ghegs are the most numerous of the Albanian population and compose of all North Albanians and Albanians in Kosovo, Montenegro, Macedonia.
		The Ghegs have a unique culture based on the clan system and extended family.
		The clan and extended family system is in full gear in the North of Albania and in neighboring Kosovo where on occasion a sworn virgin can be seen clinging on to the traditions that have engulfed this portion of the Balkans since the occupation of the Ottoman Empire and even prior to that.
	www.amazon.ca /Women-Who-Become-Men-Albanian/dp/1859733409 (996 words)

	Skenderbey SS Division
		The Shqiptars recruits in the division wore a white skullcap, the national attire of the Shqiptar Ghegs.
		Moreover, Italian anthropological research had revealed that the Ghegs were Aryans or Nordic, the herrenvolk or master race like the Germans.Pejani and the Second League opposed democracy and human rights but sought to create a Greater Albania through genocide and ethnic cleansing.
		The word iSkanderbegi, embroidered in white, appeared above the eagle and was worn on the left sleeve.The left collar patch consisted of a helmet with a goatis head on the top, the helmet supposedly worn by George Kastrioti, Skanderbeg, after whom the division was named.
	www.kosovo.net /skenderbeyss.html (5086 words)

	History of Albania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Scholars believe the Albanian people are descended from a non-Slavic, non-Turkic group of tribes known as Illyrians, who arrived in the Balkans around 2000 BC.
		Modern Albanians still distinguish between Ghegs (northern tribes) and Tosks (southern tribes).
		After falling under Roman authority in 165 BC, Albania was controlled nearly continuously by a succession of foreign powers until the mid-20th century, with only brief periods of self-rule.
	www.historyofnations.net /europe/albania.html (776 words)

	International Religious Freedom Report 2002: Albania
		The country has a total area of 11,100 square miles, and its population is approximately 3,490,000.
		It has a largely homogeneous ethnic population, consisting of Ghegs in the north and Tosks in the south.
		The southern part of the country has ethnic Greek communities estimated at 3 percent of the population.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/irf/2002/13917.htm (1729 words)

	Folk Music of Albania
		Even before Hoxha's reign began, Albania was long controlled by the Ottoman Empire and other conquering powers, leading to a diversity of influences that is common in the much-fragmented Balkan region.
		Turkish influence is strongest around the capital city, Tirana, while Shkodër has been long considered the centre for musical development in Albania.
		The most traditional variety is called Rapsodi Kreshnike and is made by moustachioed men, now mostly elderly.
	humanitiesweb.org /human.php?s=r&p=a&a=i&ID=1641 (579 words)

	Welcome to Frosina.org :: An Albanian Immigrant and Cultural Resource
		The Albanians are essentially a homogenous people but have been divided traditionally into two basic ethnic groups, the Ghegs in the North, and the Tosks in the South, the dividing line being the Shkumbini River.
		Both Ghegs and Tosks speak the same language but pronounce it with some difference.
		The former communist government of Albania made the Tosk dialect the official dialect of the entire country.
	www.frosina.org /culturehistory/lectures.asp?id=115 (1391 words)

	blah
		As above...that is true,we the tosks of Albania dislike the ghegs of the north(here including the kosovans).
		We only speak albanian with the gheg dialiect and they speak it with the tosk dialect.
		They have very heavy accents and use many words that are idiosyncratic to their region and not part of the official Albanian language.
	p083.ezboard.com /fbalkansfrm91.showMessage?topicID=51.topic (1361 words)

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