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Topic: Ghost Dance

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	The Religious Movements Homepage: Ghost Dance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The central precept of the Ghost Dance as preached by Wovoka involved the reuniting of the living and the dead; this doctrine of resurrection of the dead may have been inspired by Christian beliefs, to which Wovoka had been exposed.
		The Ghost Dance was a fluid religion that evolved as it spread, and several distinct movements arose as descendants of the original (1870) Ghost Dance.
		The Ghost Dance instilled a great deal of fear in white settlers in areas where it was performed, especially by the Lakota, whose strain of the religion was especially militant.
	religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu /nrms/ghostdance.htm (1240 words)

	The Ghost Dance Movement
		The GHOST DANCE refers to a type of messianic movement that arose (1870-78) among the Indians of the western Great Basin and later (1898-95) spread to the Plains.
		Ghost Dance shirts were made in order to protect the Indians from any bullets the white man would use against them.
		Dance four successive nights, and the last night keep up the dance until the morning of the fifth day, when all must bathe in the river and then disperse to their homes.
	www.geocities.com /BourbonStreet/Bayou/6029/Wolf/gdance.html (2418 words)

	Ghost Dance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Ghost Dance by the Ogalala Lakota at Pine Ridge.
		As the Ghost Dance spread from its original source, Native American tribes synthesized selective aspects of the ritual with their own beliefs often creating change in both the society that integrated it and the ritual itself.
		The Ghost Dance was also investigated by many Mormons from Utah, for whom the concept of a Native American prophet was familiar and accepted; some traveled to see Jack and evaluate whether or not he was actually a holy man who had been called of God.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ghost_Dance (3061 words)

	7.2 Eth 110 Lecture
		I was the leader of the Ghost Dance among the Teton Lakotas.
		It was the Ghost dance religion which was at the core of the first Wounded Knee, and Indian Religion as much as politics was also at the heart of the second Wounded Knee in 1973.
		The Ghost Dance performance during Wounded Knee II embodied a conscious articulation of the theme of a nation constituted through intertwining the recurrence of a historic religious dance, the violent state intervention that followed, and the political demands based on past treaty and moral obligations.
	weber.ucsd.edu /Depts/Ethnic/fac/rfrank/ES-110/7.2Lecture.html (3046 words)

	Ghost Dance
		The Ghost Dance movement was a manifestation of Native Americans' fear, anger, and hope regarding the onslaught of white invaders, U.S. Army brutalization, and the U.S. legislative oppression of indigenous nations.
		Ghost Dance was the term Plains Indians applied to the new ritual; Paiutes, from which it sprang, simply called it by their traditional name, Round Dance.
		The Ghost Dance instilled fear in white settlers, especially in areas where the Lakota, whose strain of the religion was especially militant, performed it.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h3775.html (2503 words)

	Native American Ghost Dance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Ghost Dance, which was a partial recreation of the sacred ceremony, was a celebration of the life and teaching of Wovoka, the American Indian prophet who made the dance popular.
		The Ghost Dance, started in the 1870s by a Native American prophet, was handed down to his son Wovoka and reached its height of popularity in 1889.
		Besides the Ghost Dance the Yerington tribe members performed, a keynote speech was given by Michael Hittman, professor of anthropology at Long Island University and author of "Wovoka and the Ghost Dance: A sourcebook." Wovoka's relatives also shared remembrance of him.
	www.jour.unr.edu /outpost/community/com.zhang.ghost.html (578 words)

	Ghost Dance - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		GHOST DANCE [Ghost Dance] central ritual of the messianic religion instituted in the late 19th cent.
		The dance originated among the Paiute c.1870; later, other Native Americans sent delegates to Wovoka to learn his teachings and ritual.
		The ghost dance is chiefly significant because it was a central feature among the Sioux just prior to the massacre of hundreds of Sioux at Wounded Knee, S.Dak., in 1890.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-ghostd1an.html (327 words)

	Erowid Peyote Vault : History : A Brief Summary of the Relationship between Peyote Use and the Ghost Dance
		The main connections appear to be that the knowledge of the use of peyote spread through some of the same mechanisms and institutions that spread the Ghost Dance practices across the northern United States and that some who participated in the Ghost Dance participated in peyote using ceremonies.
		Yet, whereas the Ghost Dance preached teh violent demise of white culture through supernatural intervention, peyotism focused on the regeneration of Native American culture through ritual and ethical behaviour.
		The leader claimed from peyote the same sort of revelations acquired in the Ghost Dance trance, and taught that while under the influence of the peyote one could learn the rituals belonging to bundles and societies; in this manner he himself amassed considerable star lore.
	www.erowid.org /plants/peyote/peyote_history1.shtml (844 words)

	GHOST DANCE Arthur Short Bull (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		By the time of the Ghost Dance most of the great leaders of their people were gone -- Crazy Horse, Sitting Bull -- and they were forced to live out their lives on a reservation, unable to live the nomadic life hunting buffalo and living on the land - a gift from Tungashila.
		The subject of the Ghost Dance is particularly important to Arthur Short Bull, a Lakota descended from Grant Short Bull, brother of He Dog, warrior-friend to Crazy Horse, uncle to Amos Bad Heart Bull and one of the principles of the Ghost Dance.
		At the end of the last century, the promise of the Ghost Dance was the return of the buffalo and departed relatives, a lost way of life.
	www.dawnhawk.org /ghost_dance.htm (353 words)

	WOVOKA: The Paiute Messiah
		The ritualistic dance, which became known as Ghost Dance, clearly appealed to the Native peoples who were baffled by the pew-bound protocol of Christian faiths.
		Ghost Dance spread to different nations throughout the west with a speed and ferocity unrivaled by any religious frenzy of the day.
		Wovoka was traced as the father of the Ghost Dance and was interviewed by James Mooney, an ethnologist and anthropologist with the Smithsonian Institute.
	www.viewzone.com /wovoka.html (1930 words)

	Sioux Ghost Dance
		The Ghost Dance movement was a religious belief system with Cargo Cult elements that combined Christian dogma with traditional beliefs and a yearning for the better days of bygone eras.
		She refused to tell any thing about the orgie of the Ghost Dance beyond the fact that she had been proclaimed by the members of the order to be the Virgin Mary.
		Pending an interview with the woman's husband, and consideration by the court as to the disposal of her case, she was sent to the guard house, to which she walked with the air of a theatrical martyr.
	www.ajmorris.com /a06/GhostDance.htm (696 words)

	Ghost Dance Religion
		The evolution of a new religion, the Ghost Dance, was a reaction to the Indians being forced to submit to government authority and reservation life.
		According to Wovoka, converts of the new religion were supposed to take part in the Ghost Dance to hasten the arrival of the new era as promised by the messiah.
		The Ghost Dance religion promised an apocalypse in the coming years during which time the earth would be destroyed, only to be recreated with the Indians as the inheritors of the new earth.
	www.bgsu.edu /departments/acs/1890s/woundedknee/WKghost.html (686 words)

	Ghost Dance
		An immersive dance production within a nightclub setting with dramatic set and lighting, costumes, sounds, film and video projection, a mixture of live and electronically altered music, poetry, MC, guest musicians and much more, it promises to be a night to remember.
		Not only is the Ghost Dance a realisation of a personal project for Ann and Keith Harrison-Broninski, who wrote the words and music for its first very successful scratch performance at Nunney Jazz cafe last year, but it has expanded to become a huge and inclusive event.
		Johnathan, who has worked creatively on many nightclub projects in the past, is designing a simple yet striking set for the Ghost Dance, which reflects the Japanese influences that are strong in his work.
	www.nunneyjazzcafe.org /Future_Events/Ghost_Dance/ghost_dance.html (653 words)

	Ghost Dance
		Wovoka as the Christ and told of the Ghost Dance that they had learned and the way that the Christ had flown over them on their horseback ride back to the railroad tracks, teaching them Ghost Dance songs.
		Ghost Dance shirts, painted with magic symbols, the soldiers bullets would not strike them.
		Ghost Dance movement increased, the panic and hysteria of the Indian agents increased with it.
	www.hanksville.org /daniel/lakota/Ghost_Dance.html (916 words)

	American Passages - Unit 1. Native Voices: Authors
		The slaughter of the Sioux was provoked in part by the Seventh Cavalry's reaction to a multiday ceremony known as the Ghost Dance.
		The Ghost Dance songs accompanied the dance itself, which was a version of the communal dance form long present in North America.
		Records of the Ghost Dance Movement and of Wounded Knee appear in Black Elk Speaks and in Charles Alexander Eastman's From the Deep Woods to Civilization, as well as in James Mooney's The Ghost Dance Religion and the Sioux Outbreak of 1890.
	www.learner.org /amerpass/unit01/authors-3.html (513 words)

	California Alumni Association at UC Berkeley (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The long-suffering Sioux concluded that the ritual of the dance would accelerate the imminent destruction of the white man and that wearing special ghost shirts (likely inspired by the ritual garb worn by their Mormon neighbors) would protect the Sioux against white men’s bullets.
		The global rise of religious fundamentalism is pure Ghost Dance, be it Islamic fundamentalists pining for a return to the Caliphate, Jewish fundamentalists battling moderate secularism, or Christian fundamentalists preaching an imminent Second Coming.
		New Guinea is home to many Ghost Dance episodes in the form of 20th century “cargo cults,” movements that rejected the ways of the European strangers but coveted their cargo, the seemingly magical tools and trinkets the white men bore with them.
	www.alumni.berkeley.edu /Alumni/Cal_Monthly/September_2005/The_Ghost_Dances.asp (1743 words)

	WRPT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Wovoka, a Paiute shaman also known as Jack Wilson who had participated in the Ghost Dance of 1870, became ill with a fever late in 1888 and had visionary experiences that provided the basis for the new Ghost Dance.
		Wovoka began calling his people to the circle dance in love and hope at a time when the people were at a low point of survival in 1889.
		We have posted an announcement with all the information relating to the Ghost Dance Ceremony to be held May 9th - 13th 2006.
	www.paiutelanguage.org /ghost_dance.htm (501 words)

	The Native American Ghost Dance
		The Ghost Dance was an attempt of a group of North American Indian tribes to further separate themselves from the white man and the religious doctrines they were forcing upon the tribal peoples.
		Among the Sioux and Arapaho, the Ghost Dance was one of the central rituals of a new religious movement that focused on the restoration of the past, as opposed to a salvation in a new future.
		Donning their ghost shirts and with their beliefs firm in their hearts, the followers of the Ghost Dance were rounded up at Wounded Knee creek and killed while resisting arrest.
	njnj.essortment.com /nativeamerican_rmqk.htm (850 words)

	Ghost Dance Bibliography
		Gayton, A.H. “The Ghost Dance of 1870 in South-Central California.” Univ.
		Kehoe, Alice B. The Ghost Dance: Ethnohistory and Revitalization.
		Shadows of the Ghost Dance.” Quarterly Journal of Speech 76 (1990): 164-191.
	www.bridgewater.edu /~rtout/GhostDance.htm (1058 words)

	Ghost Dance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This was a dance conducted by native American Indians.
		The ghost dance was transmitted to Paiute Wovoka during a time when he became sick.
		The Great Spirit taught him a ghost dance ceremony to hasten reunion with the dead.
	www.paralumun.com /ghostdance.htm (60 words)

	The Last Ghost Dance
		Perceptive, practical, and luminous, The Last Ghost Dance is a call to action, a command to rise up from the ashes of our desecrated planet to create a world that welcomes the full flowering of Spirit.
		They danced that golden dream into the ground, set it into the reality of the Earth plane, made their half of the Rainbow.
		At Wounded Knee, innocent, peaceful people of the Ghost Dance were murdered by the cavalry because the fearful white nation did not see the peaceful, beautiful dream that could unfold from it.
	www.medicine-eagle.com /the_last_ghost_dance.htm (2915 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Ghost Dance
		By performance of the prescribed dance and songs the consumation would be hastened, while in the frequent hypnotic trances brought about by the efforts of the priests the more sensitive subjects were enabled to anticipate the event in visions.
		In Dakota it lead indirectly to an outbreak among the Sioux in the winter of 1890-1, notable events of which were the killing of Sitting Bull and the massacre at Wounded Knee.
		In the dance, men and women held hands, facing toward the centre, singing the ghost songs, without instrumental accompaniment, while the priests within the circle brought the more sensitive subjects into the trance condition by means of hypnotizing performances.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06547b.htm (218 words)

	PBS - THE WEST - Mrs. Z. A. Parker, the Ghost Dance at Pine Ridge Reservation (1890)
		The ghost shirt for the men was made of the same material-shirts and leggings painted in red.
		In the ring were men, women, and children; the strong and the robust, the weak consumptive, and those near to death's door.
		Then they stopped and seated themselves in a circle, and as each recovered from his trance he was brought to the center of the ring to relate his experience.
	www.pbs.org /weta/thewest/resources/archives/eight/gddescrp.htm (1159 words)

	Ghost Dance
		The ghost dance, which after the massacre at Wounded Knee soon faded from widespread Indian practice - but not consciousness - accurately foreshadowed what was to come for the luckless Lakota.
		It was this dance that the Indians believed would reunite them with friends and relatives in the ghost world.
		The unity and fervor that the Ghost Dance Movement inspired, however, spurred only fear and hysteria among white settlers which ultimately contributed to the events ending in the massacre at Wounded Knee.
	www.nativeamericanchurch.com /Signs/GhostDance.html (1286 words)

	ghost dance
		The Ghost Dance was a strange mix of Christianity and the Indians' own religion which tore through the Indian nations in 1889 and '90.
		It was non-violent and should have posed no threat to the white authorities, but they were afraid because the Indians were so crazed with the dance they did it for days on end, from dawn into the hours of darkness.
		The road there is through the eastern gate of the Badlands, over the White River, where 3000 Sioux danced the Ghost Dance in the snow for days together, past cliffs and buttes all puckered up like Fortuny pleating.
	www.thecopybureau.co.uk /jeanrafferty/ghostdance.htm (2800 words)

	Ghost Dance
		Wovoka was given a dance by God that had to be performed for five consecutive days.
		Wovoka claimed that performing this dance would result in the return of the buffalo.
		Dance four successive nights, and the last night keep us the dance until the morning of the fifth day, when all must bathe in the river and then disperse to their homes.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /WWghostD.htm (1665 words)

	Amazon.com: Ghost Dance: Music: Death Cult (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		"Ghost Dance" collects the EP of the same name by the Death Cult-- the band that would eventually become the Cult, along with the followup single -- "Gods Zoo", and four performances from a BBC radio show.
		It was this quartet that recorded the "Ghost Dance" EP, with Mondo being replaced by Nigel Preston for the rest of the material on here.
		Ghost Dance is just a great, eerie, western-sounding rock song that makes me wanna dance with unseen spirits.
	www.amazon.com /Ghost-Dance-Death-Cult/dp/B0000018AG (987 words)

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