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Topic: Ghurids

	Iranica.com - GHURIDS
		GHURIDS (or AÚl-e ˆansab), a medieval Islamic dynasty of the eastern Iranian lands.
		Although the Ghurid empire was not a durable one, it seems possible to speak of a distinct Ghurid ethos and culture.
		Ghafur, "The Ghurids," Ph.D. thesis, Universität Hamburg, 1959.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v10f6/v10f610.html (2975 words)

	The Ghaurids :: Khyber.ORG (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Ghurids (or Aal-e Sansab) is a medieval Islamic dynasty of the eastern Iranian lands.
		After the Ghurids had achieved fame as military conquerors, obsequious courtiers and genealogists connected the family with the legendary Iranian past by tracing it back to Zahak, whose descendants were supposed to have settled in Ghor after Faridun had overthrown Zahak's thousand-year tyranny.
		It was, of course, in India that the Ghurid legacy was to be the most lasting, for it was the Turkish and Khilji commanders of Moiz-ud Din who laid the foundations of the Delhi Sultanate, in many ways a successor-state to the Ghurids, and who permanently implanted Islam in northern India.
	www.khyber.org /pashtohistory/ghaurids.shtml (3059 words)

	Ghurids - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Ghurid's empire stretched over a vast area including Khorasan (a province in present day Iran), Pakistan, India, Turkistan, Iraq and parts of other Arab countries.
		In 1206, one of the Ghurid generals, Qutb-ud-din Aybak, the conqueror of Delhi, made himself independent and founded the first of a succession of dynasties collectively known as the Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526).
		Currently, the area which once was the heart of the Ghurid Civilization has been deserted and infighting between Afghans, Soviet invasions, and other strife has destroyed many archeologically valuable structures and items across Afghanistan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ghurids (238 words)

	The Historical Interaction between the Buddhist and Islamic Cultures before the Mongol Empire - Chapter 20
		The Ghurid campaign on the Indian subcontinent, then, was not, in fact, a holy war to convert infidels, but basically a drive to conquer territory, both Muslim and non-Muslim alike.
		The Ghurids and their successors were later able to maintain only minor administrative posts and these only in the major cities, from which their main task was collecting taxes.
		The Ghurid destruction of Buddhist monasteries, then, was focused on those that lay on their direct line of advance and which were fortified in the manner of defensive forts.
	www.berzinarchives.com /e-books/historic_interaction_buddhist_islamic/history_cultures_20.html (1992 words)

	History of Islam
		The Ghurids defeat the Guzz Turks and occupy Ghazni.
		The Ghurids overthrow the Ghaznvaids in the Punjab.
		Conquest of Northern India and Bengal by the Ghurids.
	www.muslimaccess.com /sunnah/historyofislam/centuries/century12.html (469 words)

	Ghaznavid Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Ghaznavid Empire ended in (1149) with the capture of Ghazna by the Ghurids.
		In addition to the wealth accumulated through raiding Indian cities, and exacting tribute from Indian Rajas the Ghaznavids also benefited from their position as an intermediary along the trade routes between China and the Mediterranean.
		They were however unable to hold power for long and by 1040 the Seljuks had taken over their Persian domains and a century later the Ghurids took over their remaining sub-continental lands.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ghaznavid_Empire (915 words)

	1082. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		A dynasty based in the inaccessible mountains of central Afghanistan, the Ghurids were rivals of their Ghaznavid neighbors.
		Their expansion was halted, however, by the Khwarazm-shahs, who conquered the Ghurids' Afghan possessions by 1215 and forced them to withdraw to their lands in northern India.
		The Khwarazm-shahs, who were descendants of the Turkish general appointed by the Seljuks to govern Khwarazm, stepped in and steadily extended their control to eastern and central Iran, in addition to conquering much of Afghanistan from the Ghurids and occupying Transoxania.
	www.bartleby.com /67/302.html (862 words)

	Kingdoms of India - Ghurids
		The Ghurids were conquered by the Ghaznavids and converted to Islam in the eleventh century.
		The Ghurids are displaced in Afghanistan by the Khwarazm Shahs.
		The remaining Ghurid territories in northern India are taken over by the Delhi Sultanate
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/KingListsFarEast/IndiaGhurids.htm (51 words)

	Afghanistan - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		The Ghaznavid state grew weaker under Mahmud’s descendants and gave way in the middle of the 12th century to the Ghurid kingdom, which arose in Ghur, in the west central region of present-day Afghanistan.
		The Ghurids in turn were routed early in the 13th century by the Khwarizm Shahs, another central Asian dynasty.
		The period from the Ghurid through the Timurid dynasty produced fine Islamic architectural monuments.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761569370___42/Afghanistan.html (4545 words)

	EBN K¨ARMÈL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		EBN K¨ARMÈL, military commander of the Ghurids, and connected, according to Ju@zja@n^, with the district of Gorzeva@n on the headwaters of the Morg@a@b in the province of Gu@zga@n in northern Afghanistan.
		He was made governor of Sialkot in the northern Panjab after the conquest of the town by Mo¿ezz-al-D^n Moh®ammad in 581/1185-86; in 590/1194 he and Qotáb-al-D^n Aybak were joint leaders of a raid through the Ganges plain in which the Raja of Benares was defeated.
		Scattered references are to be found in the sections on Ghurid history in Ebn-al-At¯^r; for the general background see C.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v8/v8f1/v8f1043.html (224 words)

	:: ISlam \| Quran in Urdu \| Quran in English \| Quran in Arabic \| Islamic History ::
		1175: The Ghurids defeat the Guzz Turks and occupy Ghazni.
		1186: The Ghurids overthrow the Ghaznvaids in the Punjab.
		1191: Battle of Tarain between the Rajputs and the Ghurids.
	www.kashar.net /islam/?link=12th (515 words)

	12 Century
		1175:The Ghurids defeat the Guzz Turks and occupy Ghazni.
		1186:The Ghurids overthrow the Ghaznvaids in the Punjab.
		1191:Battle of Tarain between the Rajputs and the Ghurids.
	users.aol.com /_ht_a/iftkhar1398/html/body_12_century.html (492 words)

	Ghurids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Our Featured Ghurids article on Ghurids Category: Ghurids It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Ghorids.
		The Ghurids (or Ghoris) were a Persian - or more specifically Tajik - Sunni Muslim dynasty from Ghor in what is today Central Afghanistan [1][2].
		Not until 1186, however, was the last representative of the Ghaznavids uprooted by the Ghorids (Ghurids) from his holdout in the Punjab.
	post-tribune.needsuchspare.info /Ghurids (679 words)

	Antiquity, Project Gallery: Thomas, Pastori & Cucco
		Their neighbours regarded the Ghurids as little more than petty chieftains and mountain brigands (Bosworth 1961: 121-123) and their isolation and independent streak still results in periodic tension.
		Khwarazm armies extinguished the Ghurid dynasty in Afghanistan in 1215 (Nizami 1998: 184), before Mongol armies under Ghengis Khan completed the destruction in 1222.
		Juzjani, the principal source for the Ghurids, states that the Friday mosque at Firuzkuh was destroyed by a massive flood (cited in Pinder-Wilson 2001: 167).
	antiquity.ac.uk /ProjGall/thomas/index.html (1164 words)

	The Ghaznavids :: Khyber.ORG
		It seems that there were further attacks by the Ghurids and that, by the early years of Khusro Shah's reign, Bost and Zamendavar were lost to the Ghaznavids.
		The Ghurid Shehab-al-Den or Moiz ud-Din Muhammad nibbled away at Khusro Malek's remaining territories, capturing Multan and then Peshawar, and forced him to pay tribute and to send his son to the Ghurid court as a hostage.
		The Ghurids thereby succeeded to the heritage of the Ghaznavids in Afghanistan and north-western India, but did not enjoy it for long; within a generation, their empire succumbed in turn to their ancient rivals, the Khwarzimshahs.
	www.khyber.org /pashtohistory/ghaznavids.shtml (3398 words)

	India Culture Disucssion chat forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Most of the Rajput women jumped into their own funeral pyres as the Ghurids raped them and the brave soldiers fought on till they were killed in the battlefield.
		Ghurids massacred millions of rajput men, raped their women and their children were made slaves.
		Ghurids killed thousands of Hindu men and rape as many Hindu women and pulled down hundred of Hindu temples.
	indiaculture.net /talk/messages/128/8056.html?1104725895 (3489 words)

	Endangered minaret puts Afghanistan on World Heritage List: UNESCO
		It is made of fired brick and covered with geometric and floral motifs and Kufic inscriptions, using a technique developed in Bukhara in the 10th century.
		The richness of the decoration marks the high point of an artistic tradition that lasted a few decades longer until the fall of the Ghurid Dynasty in the early 13th century.
		Some answers may be hidden in the ruins of a fortress, a palace and a wall with lookout towers that stand on the north side of the river.
	portal.unesco.org /en/ev.php-URL_ID=4839&URL_DO=DO_PRINTPAGE&URL_SECTION=201.html (722 words)

	Uzer.Aur-Jee? -- 1171-1245 CE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Death of the Ghurid Sultan Ghias ud Din; accession of Mahmud.
		Assassination of the Ghurid Sultan MahmUd, accession of Sam.
		End of the Ghurid rule, their territories annexed by the Khawarzam Shahs.
	www.uzer.org /timeline/1171-1245.html (687 words)

	Kingdoms of India
		The Sultanate was founded by a slave of the Ghurid Sultan Mohammed III.
		The Ghurids were based further west, in the region of Afghanistan.
		Last Mogul emperor is deposed and India is placed under direct control of British Empire, while subject or allied princes rule various small states.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/KingListsFarEast/IndiaDelhi.htm (189 words)

	Islamic Art Network - Technical Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		With the rise of the Ghurids in central Afghanistan the power of the Ghaznavids was reduced dramatically.
		Once the Saljuks fell in Khurasan the Ghurids then established an empire stretching from the Caspian Sea to northern India.
		Artistically the Ghurids are best exemplified by the madrasa at Shah-i Mashhad, which is remarkable for its brick and terracotta decoration and best shows the style of the period.
	www.islamic-art.org /Glossary/NewGlossary.asp?DisplayedChar=7 (319 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Khwarizm (MES)
		The Ghurids picked up an unfortified territory from the Seljuks, dropping them to one territory.
		Before I could make a separate peace for some cash, the Ghurids (alliance leader) made one for me, taking one territory (circled in blue) but leaving me with nothing, despite my 3 territories (circled in red, including one that had gold).
		Up at the top is the Ustyaks, my only vassal (my one in India got eaten by the Ghurids) and over to the east I see a whole stretch of crappy undefended Turkoman culture territories (circled in red).
	forum.paradoxplaza.com /forum/showthread.php?t=180967 (1904 words)

	Islamset - Islamic Civlization in Asia: Ghurids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		They put an end to Ghaznawid rule in India and captured their base in Lahore and founded the second Islamic state in India called the Ghurid state (543-613 A.H. 1148-1215 A.D.) named after Ghur mountains in Afghanistan between Herat and Ghazna, currently known as Hindustan.
		Sultan Mohammed El Ghurid bought large numbers of mamluks and looked after their education and prepared them for invasion and holy war.
		It is reported that whenever he was reminded of the necessity of having a son to preserve his rule, he used to say: I have thousands of sons i.e.
	www.islamset.com /islam/civil/ghurids.html (379 words)

	Afghanistan - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		Islamic culture subsequently achieved brilliant heights under the Afghan or Iranian Ghuri dynasty (1148-1215).
		The Ghurids gradually extended their rule into northern India, but were overwhelmed by the hordes of the Mongol conqueror Genghis Khan, who came down from the north about 1220.
		Most of the country remained under Mongol control until the close of the 14th century, when another Mongol invader, Tamerlane, seized northern Afghanistan.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /text_761569370___31/Afghanistan.html (4246 words)

	Arc of Crisis: Afghanistan Timeline
		The Ghurids expand their empire with incursions into India.
		His forces are defeated near Kabul by the Ghurids.
		Ghengis gets his revenge by razing Ghurid towns.
	journalism.berkeley.edu /projects/arccrisis/afghan-aftimeline.html (690 words)

	Delhi Sultanate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The sultans of Delhi were the successors of the Ghaznavids and Ghurids in the Punjab and northern India.
		During the decline of the Ghurids, their Turkish general Qutb Al-Din Aibak (1206-1210) declared his independence and established the realm of the so-
		Iltutmish (1210-1236) was the most prominent: the conquest of Sind earned him a reputation as the main architect of Islamic rule in India.
	www.islamicarchitecture.org /dynasties/delhisultanate.html (759 words)

	Which of the possible starting factions would you - SCC Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Ayyubid Sultanate and Abbasid Sultanate is the Turkish Sultanate and Baghdad Sultanate I think but to be true I have no clue.
		Ghurids is another tribe people, I have never heard of them but the name sounds as the name of a tribe.
		Sultanate of Delhi is located in India where the city Delhi lies.
	www.stratcommandcenter.com /forums/index.php?showtopic=5810 (1712 words)

	Historical Background of Pakistan
		At the time of Mahmud of Ghazna's invasion, Muslim rule still existed, though in a weakened form, in Multan and some other regions.
		The Ghaznavids (976-1148) and their successors, the Ghurids (1148-1206), were central Asian by origin and outlook and they ruled their territories, which covered mostly the regions of present Pakistan, from capitals outside India.
		It was in early 13th century that the foundations of Muslim rule in India were laid with extended boundaries and Dehli as the capital.
	members.tripod.com /~PAKISTAN786/Historical.html (2631 words)

	History Punjab, Hindu kingdoms, Shia Multan, Turkic invasions, Ghauri, Ghaznavi, Slave Trade, Afghanistan, Pakistan, ...
		(For instance, it is rarely mentioned that the Ghurids were slave-traders, and that the conquest of Punjab opened up a huge supply of slaves from Northern India).
		"The Ghurids" - K. Nizami - in The Rise of Islam and Nomadic and Military Empires in Central Asia (UNESCO Publishing 1998, ISBN 92-3-103467-7.) In this chapter, the author reviews the historical and cultural development of the people of Ghur, a mountainous region located east and southeast of Herat.
		The author notes how the Ghurids who were ironworkers, horsebreeders, and slave merchants developed as an expansionist, independent power by 1146.
	www.members.tripod.com /~INDIA_RESOURCE/Punjab.html (2454 words)

	PERFIDY WINS WHERE VALOUR FAILED (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		This was small consolation compared to the victories of Islam elsewhere, and that, too, in a far shorter span of time.
		The Yaminis (Ghaznavids) had been overthrown in Afghanistan by the new dynasty of Shansabanis (Ghurids) around the time that Vigraharaja (also known as Visaladeva) was consolidating his hold over territories recovered from the Muslim possessions in the Punjab.
		The task of conquering India was assigned to Muhammad Ghuri while his brother was extending the Ghurid empire towards the west.
	www.bharatvani.org /books/hhrmi/ch4.htm (2505 words)

	Establishment of Muslim Rule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Though Muslims entered South Asia with the conquest of Sindh by Muhammad bin Qasim and then with the annexation of Punjab by Mahmud Ghaznavi, yet the real credit of the establishment of Muslim rule in the region goes to Shahab-ud-din Muhammad Ghuri.
		The Ghurids had a long history of differences with the Ghaznavids, which ultimately resulted in the capture of Ghazni at the hands of Ghiyas-ud-din Muhammad bin Sam, the ruler of Ghur, in 1173.
		Ghiyas-ud-din handed over Ghazni to his younger brother Muhammad Ghuri and himself concentrated on the conquest of Khorasan.
	www.storyofpakistan.com /articletext.asp?artid=A005 (195 words)

	Buddhism - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In 1193, only a few decades after the fall of the Pala kingdom, Muhammad Khilji destroyed Nalanda, the great Buddhist university.
		Khilji was one of the generals of Qutbuddin Aybak, a subject of the Afghan Ghurids but soon to become the monarch of a Muslim sultanate at Delhi.
		Khilji's march across northern India caused a precipitous decline in the fortunes of Indian Buddhism, as he destroyed Buddhist walled monasteries fortified by the Sena kings (which he thought were cities), killed the monks and burned their libraries.
	www.timesharetalk.co.uk /information.asp?k=Buddhism (8140 words)

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