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Topic: Gia Long

	CNN Specials - Vietnam at 25 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The last Vietnamese royal dynasty was founded in 1802 by Emperor Gia Long (formerly Nguyen Anh), who claimed the throne by defeating the Tay Son brothers with the aid of French mercenaries and European arms.
		Gia Long was of royal lineage, the nephew of Hue Vuong, an heir to the throne who died in prison during a civil war in 1766.
		Gia Long made Cambodia a vassal state, repaired the Mandarin Road running the length of the country, established a postal system, built public granaries to weather famines, and made monetary and legal reforms.
	www.cnn.com /interactive/specials/0004/vietnam.whoiswho/long.html (333 words)

	Vietnam Architecture: Gia Long tomb, Hue
		The tomb of Emperor Gia Long is the southernmost of the Nguyen dynasty tombs and the furthest away from the center of Hue.
		It is also one of the most neglected--Gia Long is detested by the present regime for his despotism and indifference to the common people (one guidebook remarks that Gia Long "carried home the snake that killed the chicken", referring to the foothold the French gained in Vietnam during his reign).
		The tomb of Gia Long and his primary wife are enclosed within a walled quadrangle, which is approached from a series of terraces that slope down toward a ceremonial courtyard flanked with the stone statues of animals and government officials.
	www.orientalarchitecture.com /hue/GIALONG.htm (291 words)

	Gia Long - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gia Long (1762-1820), born Nguyễn Phúc Ánh, was an emperor of Annam.
		In June, 1802 he proclaimed himself Emperor Gia Long and was recognized by China in 1804.
		Emperor Gia Long built a palace and fortress in Huế that was intended to be a smaller copy of the Chinese Forbidden City in the 1800s.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gia_Long (489 words)

	Tomb of Gia Long
		To visit Gia Long's tomb, tourists can go by boat about 18 km along the Perfume river and then land directly at the wharf of the tomb, or they can go about 16 km by car to Kim Ngoc wharf, take the bac from there and walk for some more kilometers.
		The tomb of Gia Long is in fact a group of tombs including those of the Emperor's relatives.
		Gia Long's tomb is a wonderful picture of nature and architecture, which provides a superb view of the boundless mountains and the solitary pine forest.
	www.vietnamtourism.com /Hue/e_pages/lt_lgialong.htm (348 words)

	Ha Long - Gia tri dia chat
		Long Bay has a very complicated structure with its meandering coastline and many river mouths.
		Meanwhile, the climate in Hạ Long Bay is also very stable, with an average temperature of between 19 and 25ºC, and an average heat radiation rate of 17 kcal/ sq.
		According to research conducted by scientists from the Oceanographic Institute, Hạ Long Bay is home to 163 species of coral, from 44 lines of descent and 12 families.
	www.halong.com /halongcom/e_pages/halong/gioithieu/ddsh_giatriddsh.htm (504 words)

	4. Vietnam, 1802-1902. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		During the early 19th century, the Vietnamese ruler built a Chinese-style court; internally he was called emperor, though in tributary relations with China he was called king.
		Long associated by Westerners with the whole of Vietnam, the name Annam became associated henceforth with central Vietnam; and Tonkin (or Tongking) became associated with the north (taken over by the French, 1884).
		Free exercise of the Catholic religion was to be allowed, and three ports in the central and northern parts of the country were to be opened to French trade.
	www.bartleby.com /67/1473.html (1196 words)

	GIA: Research: Article Detail
		Nor was GIA the first to suggest a method of grading diamonds based on their specific cut proportions or "make." In 1942, it published an article by an early proponent of such a method in its journal, Gems and Gemology.
		GIA showed that a 58-facet RBC diamond was more brilliant (i.e., returned more light) than the 144-facet diamond by using a photometer that measured the amount of light returned from these diamonds.
		GIA realized that standardized estimations of monetary value were not valid in the (now quite volatile) global marketplace.
	www.gia.edu /research/1383/2310/article_detail.cfm (2457 words)

	VIET NAM - WHO'S WHO? © Chi D. Nguyen
		Gia Long appointed him regent of South Viet Nam including the authority to conduct foreign relations with Europe and other Southeast Asian nations.
		Prince Canh, Gia Long's eldest son, who accompanied Pierre Pigneau de Be'haine to the court of Louis XVI at Versailles, where he caused a sensation.
		A descendent of Prince Canh, the first son of founding Emperor Gia Long, Cuong De served as the titular leader of Phan Boi Chau's Modernization Society (Duy Tan Hoi), established in 1903.
	www.viettouch.com /whois/vietnam_who_is2.html (2120 words)

	Imperial Order of the Dragon of Anam
		Gia Long ordered the restoration of his ancestral graves with wood carvings of statues in burial chambers symbolising the lost royal remains.
		The reign name Gia Long was to express the unifying of the country - Gia from Gia Dinh (Saigon) and Long from Thang Long (Hanoi).
		The court of Emperor Gia Long had many French and other nationals served as his Imperial officials, the most influential was Marquis Jean-Baptiste de Chaigneau and Phillipe Vannier.
	www.orderofthedragon.homestead.com /nguyen.html (7731 words)

	page2.html
		When Emporor Nguyen Anh, later Gia Long, celebrated his taking of the throne in 1802, he ordered the bodies of two previous leaders to be exhumed, ground to powder and scattered over the grounds.
		Originally constructed by Gia Long and later rebuilt by Minh Mang, the bastion's walls are 5.8 meters high and 1.28 meters thick with parapets 13 meters wide at the top and 14.75 meters wide at the bottom and supported internally by a 2.78 meter wall and six gaps for gun positions along the top.
		They were dedicated to Gia Long, and his queens, Thua Thien and Thuan Tien, Emporor Minh Mang and his queen, Emporor Thieu Tri and his queen, Emporor Tu Duc and his queen, Emporor Kien Phuc, and the cults of Emporors Dong Khanh and Khai Dinh.
	mcel.pacificu.edu /as/trips/vtrip97/Vietnam/page2.html (2170 words)

	Vietnam - The Nguyen Dynasty and Expanding French Influence
		Under the Gia Long code, severe punishment was meted out for any form of resistance to the absolute power of the government.
		Although chu nom was retained as the national script by Gia Long, his son and successor Minh Mang, who gained the throne upon his father's death in 1820, ordered a return to the use of Chinese ideographs.
		Gia Long felt a special debt to Pigneau de Behaine and to his two chief French naval advisers, JeanBaptiste Chaigneau and Philippe Vannier, both of whom remained in the country until 1824.
	countrystudies.us /vietnam/14.htm (1161 words)

	nguyendyn
		---Emperor Gia Long was born in 1762 and died in 1819.
		Minh Mang, second son of Emperor Gia Long, ascended to the throne on the latter's death in 1820.
		Gia Long rejected Prince Canh's son and chose the oldest son of his concubine as his successor, reportedly because of his strong character and distrust of the West.
	www.fortunecity.com /tinpan/ashcroft/274/nguyendyn.html (570 words)

	GIA rating for an ideal cut diamond
		GIA has been at the study of CUT for years and is widely anticipated to add CUT characteristics at some point.
		GIA to date has refused to put the numbers on their report because they haven't narrowed down the range yet (or so they say; there may be other political factors at work).
		But, as GIA asserts for the moment, there are a lot of combinations that make for truly brilliant diamonds.
	www.pricescope.com /idealbb/view.asp?topicID=6197 (554 words)

	Hue : Imperial City
		All the tomb complexes consist of five elements: an extensive tiled courtyard with stone figures, saddled horses, elephants, municipal and military mandarins; a pavilion with a stele on which is engraved the life story of the dead person; a temple dedicated to the deceased; the pleasure pavilion for his concubines; and the tomb itself.
		Gia Long's tomb complex was completed a year after the emperor's death, and because of its secluded position on a hill above the city it is now seldom visited.
		Tomb complex of Emperor Gia Long - 1820, remains of the Elephant Parade, Hue.
	artasia.www2.50megs.com /Vietnam/hue.htm (604 words)

	Gia LaShay at Dialectic Humanism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Gia LaShay is a truly wonderful model and a tribute gallery has been long overdue.
		Gia was an over night sensation when she first came on the scene a few years ago.
		The frenzy may have dissipated some, but this doesn't change the fact that she is still a very attractive women.
	members.tripod.com /dialectichumanism/Gia_LaShay.html (52 words)

	GIA: Newsroom: Insider Newsletter Details (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		GIA has identified a GE-processed 'Pegasus' diamond which has been submitted a second time to the GIA Gem Trade Laboratory with its 'GE POL' inscription removed, and which has been re-cut a second time.
		The GE-processed diamond was identified, the client authorized GIA to re-inscribe the diamond with 'GE POL,' and it was returned.
		In late September, the same 'Pegasus' diamond was submitted to the GIA Gem Trade Laboratory by a different client and was again conclusively identified.
	www.gia.edu /newsroom/issue/2798/1027/insider_newsletter_details.cfm (1402 words)

	GIA's Reprint/Copyright Information for Words and Melody Only (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		GIA no longer issues copyright reprint licenses but is now a member of the new, convenient www.OneLicense.net - your internet source for copyright needs.
		GIA holds the rights to works by some of today's most respected and well-loved composers.
		Note: In certain select instances, GIA is honored to extend free reprint permissions for the copyrights owned and administered by GIA Publications, Inc. Those cases include: ordination, religious professions, first Masses, conferences, and conventions.
	www.giamusic.com /copyright (459 words)

	ADAMAS GEMOLOGICAL LABORATORY & ADAMAS ADVANTAGE GEMOLOGICAL AND APPRAISAL SOFTWARE
		GIA’s own historical teaching record summarized below, said in one way or another, that “diamonds should be graded at their poorer color in artificial light devoid of ultraviolet radiation, rather than at their daylight grade”.
		The GIA diamond color grading system, based on these teachings, was, and still is, the implied “standard” used in the United States and most of the world, and in effect has been codified in 16CFR§23, “Guides for the Jewelry, Precious Metals, and Pewter Industries”.
		GIA itself, in its 1997 study in Gems and Gemology, stated parenthetically that 35% of a large random sample of diamonds graded had notable fluorescence.
	www.adamasgem.org /giafluor.html (1264 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It has long sleeves, a high mandarin collar, with hidden buttons from the collar down in front of the shoulder, underneath the arm, and along the side down to the waist.
		The long side of the triangle is placed above the forehead while the two corner of the long side are tied at the nape of the neck (like the American bandana and kerchiefs).
		Because the khan mo qua is made of heavy, stiff fabric, the long side the of the triangle, or the folded edge, sticks out in front of the forehead in a point, sharp as a crow's beak.
	lexuanfashions.com /articles.php?id=aodai_fashion (2410 words)

	CPAmedia.com: Discover Hue, Vietnam's Imperial City
		Originally built by Gia Long in 1805, it escaped serious damage during the Tet Offensive but was in an advanced state of decay until restoration work started in 1991.
		Housed in the Long An Palace, a fine old building dating back to 1845, the walls are inscribed with poetry written in chu nom or 'Southern Writing', a demotic script employing modified Chinese characters which was developed in the 15th century and, by Nguyen times, had become the chief vehicle for vernacular Vietnamese literature.
		Founded by Gia Long in 1808, the temple, situated on the north bank of the Perfume River about 1km (1/2 mile) west of Thien Mu, was intended by the Nguyen Emperor to replace the long-established Temple of Literature in Hanoi.
	www.cpamedia.com /travel/discover_hue (3061 words)

	Emperor Gia Long (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		To confirm his power and to symbolize his dynasty, he moved the capital from Hanoi to Hue and he changed the name of the state to Vietnam.
		Nevertheless, Gia Long obtained recognition of his newly established power by seeking the endorsement of China and by adopting Chinese as Vietnam's official written language.
		Up until his death in 1820, when his son succeeded as Emperor Minh Mang, Gia Long tolerated French missionaries but disapproved further French economic developments in Vietnam.
	www.richmond.edu /~ebolt/history398/EmperorGiaLong.html (286 words)

	GIA Thailand
		Long known as a major market for colored gemstones, and the world capital of ruby and sapphire, Thailand is also a major diamond cutting and jewelry manufacturing center.
		The GIA Thailand campus is located near the heart of the gem and jewelry industry.
		You have a unique opportunity to train at GIA Thailand and, at the same time, explore this important gem and jewelry market.
	www.giathailand.com (231 words)

	Gia Long High School Alumni Association of North California. Sinh Hoat.
		Gia Long High School Alumni Association of North California.
		Tháng 6 - Picnic Gia Long Bắc Cali
		Gia Long Họp Mặt và Trợ Giúp Xã Hội Tại Việt Nam
	www.gialong.org /events.html (349 words)

	General News of Thursday, 12 October 2006
		Heaton stated that the essence of GIA-USA LLCâs claim in arbitration is that on April 7, 2006, the Republic of Ghana, using security forces, forcibly removed the senior management of Ghana International Airlines Limited (GIAL) from their offices and purportedly terminated their appointments from the management of GIAL.
		Kwadwo Mpiani, mobilised armed Policemen to the offices of GIA, drawing mass negative local and international publicity and condemnation â“ an issue that undermined the authority of the Vice President, Alhaji Aliu Mahama, who was then acting President at the time Mr.
		It would be recalled that the commercial court trying the case filed against the Attorney General (AG), Ghana International Airlines (GIA) and the Chief of Staff by GIA-USA stayed proceedings to enable parties to the suit go for mediation and arbitration according to the shareholdersâ agreement.
	www.ghanaweb.com /GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=112018 (1503 words)

	Welcome To Lam D Nguyen Homepage
		Thang Long remained the capital city until the end of the Tran dynasty when in 1397, the capital city was moved to Thanh Hoa -Tay Do (Western Capital) and Thang Long became Dong Do (Eastern Capital).
		In 1527, the city was renamed Thang Long.
		In 1802 when King Gia Long (Nguyen Dynasty) moved the capital city to Hue, the name Thang Long remained but, Long no longer means dragon, Long in this case means prosperity.
	www.msu.edu /~nguyenl4/landscape.html (578 words)

	Tan nguyen's page
		The town is a long strip approximately 14 km long and 6 km wide.
		ing Gia Long sent three garrisons of troops to the area to quell the disturbance and to clear this area for settlement.
		A few years later, the bandits were driven away and in 1822, King Ming Mang rewarded the three officers who led the army to this region.
	www.angelfire.com /tn/tan2/vungtau.html (287 words)

	Vung Tau City
		King Gia Long sent three garrisons of troops to the area to quell the disturbance and to clear this area for settlement.
		Named Ha Long (Descending Dragon), the winding road goes up and down along the shore, offering a spectacular view of the skyline and refreshing ocean wind.
		Facing the ocean on three sides, Vung Tau is windy all year round and has 2 distinct seasons, rainy from May to October and dry from November to April.
	www.vietnamtravelkey.com /destionations/vung_tau.htm (541 words)

	Dray Sap and Gia Long Waterfalls \| Museum/Attraction Review \| Buon Ma Thuot \| Frommers.com
		Two paths connect to the falls from the kiosk, the lower road tracing the water's edge up to the falls (don't cross the bridge, as that path just leads to cotton fields and a less picturesque falls view) and the upper path of uneven cobble leading to the top of the falls.
		Nearby Gia Long Waterfall is just a few clicks down a well-maintained service road, and this waterfall is even more dynamic, not so much for the falling water -- which is just a trickle in the dry season -- but for its steep rock formations.
		The whole area around the Gia Long Waterfall is eminently climbable.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/buonmathuot/A34961.html (386 words)

	Vietsciences; Viet; Sciences
		Năm Tân Dậu (1777), Nguyễn Huệ; đem quân vào đánh chiếm Gia Ðịnh, Chúa tôi họ Nguyễn phải bỏ thành kéo tàn quân chạy về Ðịnh Tường, Cần Thơ.
		Ðến tháng 6 cùng năm thì vua Gia Long đã thống nhất được sơn hà, chấm dứt cuộc chiến tranh kéo dài gần 300 năm.
		Vua Gia Long không theo đạo Thiên Chúa dù Ngài rất biết ơn Giám mục Bá Ða Lộc và có nhiều thiện cảm với các giáo sĩ, nhưng Hoàng tử Cảnh đã theo đạo khi ở chung với Giám mục Bá Ða Lộc.
	vietsciences.free.fr /vietnam/danhnhan/vua/gialong.htm (1543 words)

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