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	Draconids (Giacobinids)
		The annual Giacobinid meteor shower (also known as the Draconids) peaks on October 9th and 10th.
		Giacobinids dazzle observers - The Giaconibid meteor shower made a great sky show over Japan, and East Asia.
		The Dracondis are debris from the periodic comet 21P/Giacobini-Zinner and are therefore also known as the "Giacobinids".
	www.xs4all.nl /~carlkop/draconid.html (534 words)

	AMS Meteor Shower FAQ
		Meteor storms are not limited to only November, and In a historical parallel, the famous Giacobinid or October Draconid storm of 1946 also did much to spawn the study of meteors by radio methods.
		Meteor storms are generally caused by young meteor streams, in which the majority of the streams' mass is still concentrated along that portion of the orbit occupied by the parent comet.
		On the other end of the spectrum, the Giacobinids, which last produced a brief outburst in 1998, has extremely slow meteors at less than 11 km/sec.
	www.amsmeteors.org /faqm.html (3261 words)

	Tune-Up For The Leonids
		One reason for the uncertainty about the 1998 Giacobinids is that scientists still have a lot to learn about meteor streams.
		For this year's Giacobinid meteor storm Science@NASA will be collecting meteor counts from amateurs and lay observers to probe the structure of the meteor stream ahead of comet Giacobini-Zinner.
		In 1956 radar was responsible for the detection of a surprisingly strong Giacobinid storm.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1998-10/NSFC-TFTL-071098.php (1007 words)

	Astron. Astrophys. 343, L94-L96 (1999) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Giacobinid meteor stream associated with comet 21 P/Giacobini-Zinner belonging to the Jupiter family of comets was characterized by high meteor activity in 1933, 1946, and 1985.
		He expected an unusual display of the 1998 Giacobinids on October 8.70.
		For this date the Earth reached the nodal crossing point of 49.5 days before the comet being at 0.0383 AU inside the comet's orbit.
	aa.springer.de /papers/9343003/2300l94/sc1.htm (190 words)

	meteor shower
		In other cases, the variability is more erratic and linked to changes or a complete breakup of the parent body.
		For example, the Draconids, also known as the Giacobinids, is usually so weak as to be unrecognizable to the untrained eye, but has been known to produce storms, as happened in 1933 and 1946 when several thousand meteors per hour were seen.
		The Andromedids, also known as the Bielids is best known for two sensational displays, on Nov. 27, 1872 and 1885, following the destruction of the parent, Biela’s Comet, in the mid-19th century, when the hourly rate reached 6,000 and 75,000, respectively.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/M/meteor_shower.html (386 words)

	October's tune-up for the Leonid meteor shower
		For this year's Giacobinid meteor storm Science@NASA will be collecting meteor counts from amateurs and lay observers to probe the structure of the meteor stream ahead of comet Giacobini-Zinner.
		The image indicates the general region of the sky from which the Giacobinid meteors appear to emanate (red dot).
		In 1956 radar was responsible for the detection of a surprisingly strong Giacobinid storm.
	science.nasa.gov /newhome/headlines/ast07oct98_1.htm (1237 words)

	Tiedote meteorobs listalta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The separation between the orbit of the comet and Earth was 0.033 -- or three times the separation between the upcoming case of Earth and C/1999J3.
		Although we know that the Earth will be closest to the comet's ascending node at ~19.6 UT on November 11, this doesn't mean that the actual peak of a prospective LINEAR display could not occur many hours earlier or later.
		An example of this occurred one year ago with the 1998 Giacobinids: the time when Earth was predicted to cross the node of 21P/Giaconini-Zinner was 20:53 UT on October 8; but the shower actually reached its peak at 13:15 UT --more than 7.5 hours earlier.
	www.ursa.fi /ursa/jaostot/meteorit/novlin.html (579 words)

	(meteorobs) About Giacobinids from Mikiya Sato. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		I have to write about a prediction of Giacobinids in 2004.
		In Japan, the prediction of Giacobinids by "Isao" Sato was announced
		For example, Giacobinids in 2004, it is not told about the density
	lists.meteorobs.org /pipermail/meteorobs/2004-October/001197.html (276 words)

	(meteorobs) Giacobinids from eastern France
		Then a huge hole in the sky allowed me to watch from 22h00 to 22 h 22, so at the time of the expected closest approach to the multi-tails.
		There were no activity from the Giacobinids seen, just one +3.5 sporadic.
		Then, the sky really covers up, and no part of the sky were uncloudy.
	lists.meteorobs.org /pipermail/meteorobs/2004-October/001194.html (166 words)

	The mysterious Geminids meteor shower (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In November the much-anticipated Leonids produced an outburst of nearly 600 meteors per hour, punctuated by a spectacular display of fireballs seen worldwide.
		The October Giacobinids were also a pleasant surprise for many, thanks to an outburst over Japan and east Asia.
		Unlike the Giacobinids and Leonids, the Geminid's broad maximum lasts nearly a full day, so observers around the globe have a good chance to see the show.
	spacescience.com /newhome/headlines/ast04dec98_1.htm (1489 words)

	The Cosmic Mirror # 107
		Once more a meteor stream has surprised astronomers: The moderately hyped Giacobinids or Draconids (see previous update) were strong but missed a storm level last night - and the maximum of activity, with up to 700 meteors per hour in dark skies, came several hours early.
		Observers in Asia were thus favored, while Europeans missed the fun: According to both visual counts from Japan and radar observations from Europe, the shower reached its maximum around 13:30 UTC on Oct. 8th, 4 hours earlier than even the 'earliest' predictions.
		When darkness had finally fallen in Europe around 18:00 UTC, only 10 Giacobinids were seen per hour, and at 19:00 UTC all activity had ceased.
	www.astro.uni-bonn.de /~dfischer/mirror/107.html (632 words)

	The Compass: Watch A Falling Star
		When Earth and the comet are in close proximity to each other a large number of particles run into Earth's atmosphere and we have an intense meteor shower which is referred to as a meteor storm.
		The comet that is responsible for the Giacobinid meteor shower which occurs on October 8th/9th is Giacobini-Zinner.
		The comet responsible for the Leonid shower, Temple-Tuttle, crossed Earth's orbit in March, 1998 so astronomers expect this shower to be very active.
	webs.wichita.edu /facsme/wafs.htm (912 words)

	The Cosmic Mirror # 106
		Unlike most meteor showers, the Giacobinids are at their best in the evening rather than after midnight.
		And between the Giacobinids and the Leonids, we just might catch a rare increase in the unusual Taurids, sparse debris from periodic Comet 2P/Encke.
		A Giacobinids preview, also from S&T, more on the shower, and a more detailed Leonids preview (again from S&T).
	www.astro.uni-bonn.de /~dfischer/mirror/106.html (628 words)

	2006 calendar meteor shower (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Each time a return of the earth orbit, by the parent 2006 calendar meteor shower comet is the leonids on november.
		IV giacobinids gia oct oct oct oct. The extreme limits, in fact, there are those random detritus left to experienced.
		IV giacobinids gia oct oct oct oct. This is an overnight watch, the perseids parent comet passes no closer than.
	meteor-showers.aspaymcyl.org /2006-calendar-meteor-shower.html (767 words)

	Giacobinids
		Generally speaking of Japanese observation until this time, Giacobinids activity was almost limited at maximum day.
		According to the analysis of rate of 10 minutes interval, It seems that The peak of Giacobinids was around 13h10m(UT) and lambda = 195.075.
		According to the analysis of rate of 10 minutes interval, It seems that The peak of Giacobinids was around 13h10m(UT) on October 8 (lambda = 195.075).
	www.din.or.jp /~thashi/Inf1998_10_GZ_E.htm (379 words)

	C&MS: 21P/Giacobini-Zinner
		This comet is especially noteworthy as it is one of a small number of comets that can produce very spectacular meteor showers under the right conditions.
		The meteor display is variously referred to as the Draconids, October Draconids, and the Giacobinids.
		The meteor shower occurs around October 9 of each year, but is usually unrecognizable; however, meteor storms occurred in 1933 and 1946 which produced several thousand meteors within an hour at maximum.
	cometography.com /pcomets/021p.html (1128 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		There are no reports of any Giacobinids being seen after 21:00UT.
		However, this indicates that the 1998 Giacobinids were a rather long-enduring maximum compared to their normal activity, which is why European observers actually saw some activity.
		Had, for example, the 1933 activity curve been repeated, the shower would have ended well before dark in Europe.
	www.iac.es /galeria/mrk/giac_98a.html (602 words)

	Meteoroids, Meteors, and Meteorites
		The meteors which originate in Draco in June are called the Draconids.
		In October there is another shower from the same constellation; these are named for the parent comet and are called Giacobinids.
		Some meteor showers are very brief, lasting only a single night, but many extend over a period of several days or even weeks.
	www.lsus.edu /nonprofit/sbas/meteors.htm (795 words)

	Giacobinids
		But in 1952 and in 1972, Giacobinids shower could not be seen.
		And 13years later, Giacobinids shower appeared in Japan.
		ZHR is 800.The parent comet of Giacobinids is 21P/Giacobini-Zinner.
	www.amro-net.jp /giaco.htm (202 words)

	(meteorobs) Fwd: Giacobinids from the netherlands
		>------- Forwarded Message Follows ------- >From: "Jacob Kuiper" >Organization: KNMI >To: meteorobs@latrade.com, 100114.1361@compuserve.com >Date: Sat, 10 Oct 1998 01:49:40 +0000 >Subject: Giacobinids from the netherlands >Cc: kuiper@knmi.nl >Priority: normal > >Dear meteor/Gia-observers, > >To complete the already long list of observations of the Giacobinids >I 'd like to send my results too.
		> >Number of meteors: 0 >Number of Giacobinids: 0 > >Remark: Even in the late twilight (17.00-17.30 UTC) I did some >observations in an almost clear sky (1-2/8 SC).
		Also in that period >NO Giacobinids have been counted.
	www.meteorobs.org /maillist/msg09791.html (252 words)

	Astronomy - Draco's October surprise - Bill Cooke
		Most meteor showers are named for the constellation where the shower radiant (the spot where the meteors appear to come from) is located.
		This shower is just as often called the Giacobinids, however, reflecting part of the name of the comet — Giacobini-Zinner — that produces its meteors.
		This is a plot of meteor radiants as seen by the Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar on October 8, 2005.
	www.astronomy.com /asy/default.aspx?c=a&id=3586 (608 words)

	Submit YOUR Meteor Counts to Science@NASA
		One reason for the uncertainty about the 1998 Giacobinids is that scientists still have a lot to learn about meteor streams.
		For the Giacobinid meteor shower the best way to check your limiting magnitude is to look at the little dipper.
		This image from Sky & Telescope shows the magnitudes of stars in the little dipper.
	www.spaceweather.com /meteordata.html (565 words)

	Astron. Astrophys. 343, L94-L96 (1999) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The echo duration distribution of all Giacobinids having duration
		Lower s-values in comparison to those found during past observations are evident.
		The mass indices s necessary for the flux computation were taken from Table 1.
	aa.springer.de /papers/9343003/2300l94/sc4.htm (374 words)

	Dutch Meteor Society (DMS): Draconids 1998 results
		Weather prospects for western Europe are extremely bad for observing the Draconids (Giacobinids).
		On october 8 1998 a marked activity was observed of the Draconids (Giacobinids), caused by particles of comet 21P/Giacobini-Zinner.
		Note that the average number seen in the 10 minute bin is not reported directly, but has been multiplied by 6 to give an hourly rate of 96/94 for those time periods, which is then applied to the ZHR formulae.
	home.planet.nl /~terkuile/draconids/1998/draco_1998_results.html (1967 words)

	Cambridge Conference Correspondence
		This shower is also referred to as the Giacobinids, after its parent
		Memories of the 1946 Giacobinid storm still remain strong in the minds
		Giacobinids taken by a news photographer in Chicago...
	abob.libs.uga.edu /bobk/ccc/cc092898.html (2703 words)

	The Sky over Berlin 10''06
		Their origin is the comet 21P/Giacobini-Zinner, and therefore these falling stars are also called Giacobinids.
		The orbitting time of the comet is 6.5 years and it has a widely spread cloud of meteoroids on its orbit, therefore the number of meteors is different from year to year.
		Different to the Giacobinids the Orionids have no problem with the moonlight this year, because the maximum will be around new moon.
	www.surveyor.in-berlin.de /himmel/sky.06.10.html (583 words)

	June Daytime Showers
		Nonetheless, the derived peak rate for the Arietids compares with the best of the consistent night-time showers (Perseids, Geminids, Quadrantids), and it is a longer lasting shower than any of these.
		Only the Leonids or Giacobinids under storm conditions would yield a significantly higher ZHR.
		There has been considerable debate about the stream's inclination and the apparent daily motion of the radiant.
	www.skyscan.ca /june_showers.htm (701 words)

	(meteorobs) Giacobinids and Orionids in JAPAN
		Hello all, I show results of Giacobinids and Orionids in Japan.
		In Japan, it was bad weather around peak days.
		As an important thing, however, a little Giacobinids were observed.
	www.meteorobs.org /maillist/msg26237.html (185 words)

	Anton Vamplew: Meteors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Associated Comet is the name of the comet that produces the shower (if known).
		Of those not listed I mention the following, with their peak dates, only because of their great names: Omicron Draconids (10th Oct), Giacobinids (Oct 8th), Puppids-Velids (Dec 9th & 26th) and the Omega Equulids (Feb 6th).
		Of those that are listed, one of the finest displays of the year is the August Perseids.
	www.captaincosmos.clara.co.uk /metshow.html (234 words)

	Dutch Meteor Society (DMS): Draconids 1998 prospects
		In the first half of this century, perturbations brought the orbit of the comet extremely close to that of the Earth, resulting in conspicuous meteor activity in the years of perihelion passage caused by the encounter with the debris of the comet.
		In 1926, Prentice observed the stream, now known as the Draconids or Giacobinids, with a ZHR ~14, the first well-recorded (modest) outburst of the stream.
		In 1933, the distance between Earth and comet orbit was only 0.0054 AU.
	home.planet.nl /~terkuile/draconids/1998/draco_1998.html (1126 words)

	Solar System - Systems - Themepark
		While you're figuring out constellations, be on the look out for "falling stars" which are really meteors.
		Known meteor showers for the fall of 1999 are the Giacobinids on Oct 8th, the Leonids on November 17th, and the Geminids on December 14th.
		Go out at night and impress your family and friends by declaring to them that the moon is a waxing gibbous or a waning crescent.
	www.uen.org /themepark/systems/solar.shtml (1005 words)

	NAMN Notes: October 2004
		Sometimes the shower is referred to as the Draconids, named after the constellation of Draco, where the meteors seem to come from in the sky - and sometimes the shower is referred to as the Giacobinids (GIA), after the name of the comet.
		Personal accounts of the 1946 Giacobinids are interesting.
		As a girl of about 16 then, Mary Henderson said that she "was just totally overwhelmed at the marvelous display." Mary went on to become a summer student of Dr. Millman's, and in the summer of 1952 helped him analyze photographs of the Giacobinids taken by a news photographer in Chicago.
	www.namnmeteors.org /namnnotes0410.html (1879 words)

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