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Topic: Giant Irish deer

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Megaloceros giganteus

Megalania prisca

Binomial nomenclature

Harpagornis

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	Paleocraft Megaloceros
		Megaloceros giganteus was a giant deer that evolved during the glacial periods of the Pleistocene epoch 250,000 to 12,000 years ago.
		Female giant deer are much rarer fossils in museums, partly because of their lack of the antlers which attract a collector's attention to the male specimens.
		The giant deer may have been known to the Palaeolithic painters of the cave of Cougnac, in France but they became extinct in Ireland before people are known to have arrived.
	www.paleocraft.com /Megaloceras.html (1782 words)

	The Case of the Irish Elk
		The name "Irish" has stuck because excellent, well-preserved fossils of the giant deer are especially common in lake sediments and peat bogs in Ireland.
		Beyond its arresting size and singular appearance, the giant deer is of great significance to paleontologists because of the way in which the animal has become involved in evolutionary debates down through the years.
		The Irish elk was once considered a prime example of orthogenesis: it was thought that its lineage had started evolving on an irreversible trajectory towards larger and larger antlers.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /mammal/artio/irishelk.html (840 words)

	IPCC information sheets - Irish Elk
		In Ireland the bones and antlers of the Irish Elk occur in lake sediments beneath the raised bogs.
		Evidence suggests that the deer were prone to wading in the lakes, perhaps to escape biting insects or to access the mineral rich lake side plants, and there they would sink into the tenacious clays.
		It appears that the deer were free to roam the grassy plains of Ireland unthreatened by predators or man. In all the recent fossil finds, the bones are in the lowest layers of mud or peat, layers formed about 2000 years before man arrived in Ireland.
	www.ipcc.ie /infoirishelk.html (1217 words)

	Irish Wolfhound : Dog Breeds - Dog.com
		The deer hunters were exclusively the possession of the aristocracy who, of course, owned the deer in Ireland and England.
		Irish Wolfhounds are the tallest of all breeds.
		The Irish Wolfhound was so valued in the 16 and 1700's that a condemned man could buy his life with one.
	www.dog.com /breed/Irish-Wolfhound.asp (324 words)

	The Irish Wolfhound - Dogs
		Irish Wolfhounds are a living symbols of Irish culture and the Celtic past.
		According to Irish lore and legend, ancestors of the Irish Wolfhound were guardians and companions of ancient Irish kings and valued by Celtic chieftains as dogs of war.
		Wolves and elk disappeared from Ireland and by the late 1700's the Irish Stag was hunted to extinction.
	www.bellaonline.com /articles/art8727.asp (1046 words)

	Giant Deer (Irish Elk, Megaloceros) DNA Study
		The team sequenced DNA and examined skeletal features to investigate the living relatives of the giant deer - which roamed across Europe and Siberia with prehistoric man, and is the subject of numerous cave drawings.
		The giant deer shares DNA with the fallow deer, one of the most widespread deer in the UK since their introduction by the Normans in the eleventh century.
		Deer from around the world (including the southeast Asian axis deer, the hog deer and fallow deer) were DNA tested and their characteristics - such as antlers, skull and teeth size & shape - were studied.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /biology/about-us/in-the-media/irish-elk.html (546 words)

	Whitetails.com Large Antler Deer Species (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		This handsome member of the deer family is also one that was closest to extinction a few decades ago.
		A small to medium sized deer that, due to extensive hybridization in Texas, is highly variable in size and coloration.
		The Giant Irish Elk was one of the largest deer species there has ever been.
	www.whitetails.com /deer_info/species_information.cfm (444 words)

	The Ultimate Akademie Mobile Unit
		It is called "Irish" because of the many well-preserved fossils that have been found in the lake bottoms, peat bogs and caves of Ireland since the 16th century.
		The Giant Deer reached Ireland via landbridges which disappeared under the rising water caused by the melting of the ice caps and floes.
		However, we were unable to sight the Giant Deer and the city dwellers we interviewed were unable to report having seen the Giant Deer.
	www.aliceandrew.de /elkreport.htm (1640 words)

	AllAboutIrish - The Salmon of Knowledge
		This tale is part of the Fenian Cycle of Irish Mythology and tells the story of how the boy Demne became a wise man who would go on to lead a band of hunters and warriors known as the Fiana.
		This story, like other Irish myths, was passed down orally until the Western alphabet came to Ireland with Christianity and the monks transcribed many of the tales that were precious to the Irish people.
		When he raced and caught wild deer and brought them back to the women who raised him they decided it was time for him to learn the skills of a warrior.
	www.allaboutirish.com /library/tales/demne.shtm (484 words)

	Extinct Giant Deer Traced to Modern Relative by DNA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Scientists at University College London studied DNA and skeletal remains of the extinct giant deer, or Irish elk, to construct its family tree.
		The researchers found that the giant deer, which stood seven feet (two meters) tall at the shoulder, is closely related to the modern fallow deer, a much smaller species that still inhabits the former haunts of its Ice Age relative throughout Europe.
		The antlers of the giant deer, or Irish elk, grew as large as 10 feet (3.5 meters) across.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2005/09/0906_050906_giant_deer.html (535 words)

	irish guide - dublin, city, information, visitor, attractions, hotels, accommodation, flights, car hire, tours, golf in ...
		The collection, established in 1908, traces the development of Irish art in the 20th century, from the nationalist inspired canvases of Sean Keating to the modernism of Mainie Jellet and Mary Swanzy.
		Irish Museum of Modern Art - The Irish Museum of Modern Art is Ireland's national institution for the collection and presentation of modern and contemporary art.
		The Irish Room is devoted to Irish mammals, sea-creatures and insects, including the extinct giant Irish deer and the skeleton of a basking shark.
	www.theirishguide.com /cities/dublin_pltv.html (3224 words)

	Giant Irish Elk
		Its name is misleading, as it was probably a species of deer and not an Elk.
		The Giant Elk was distributed across Europe from between 400,000 and 10,000 years ago.
		At the end of the ice age humans were moving northwards and probably hunted elk which would have helped in their eventual demise.
	www.geocities.com /magicgoatman/elk.html (367 words)

	Irish Elk - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Its name is misleading: although large numbers of skeleton have been found in Irish bogs, the animal was not exclusively Irish, and neither was it closely related to either of the living species currently called elk; for this reason, the name "Giant Deer" is sometimes preferred.
		One theory was that the deer's antlers, under constant sexual selection, increased in size because males were using them in combat for access to females; it was also suggested that they eventually became so unwieldy that the Elks could not carry on the normal business of life and so became extinct.
		In fact, Irish Elk had antlers of exactly the size one would predict from their body size and no special theory of natural selection is required.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Irish_Elk (625 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Wildfacts - Megaloceros, Irish elk, Giant deer
		Many of the fossils found in Irish peat bogs are of males suffering from malnutrition after the rutting (mating) season, suggesting that they lived very like modern red deer today where males fight for the right to mate with a group of females every autumn.
		Deer are probably descended from small animals like the chevrotains, which browse and eat fallen fruit in forests.
		In the Miocene, the first horned deer appeared, with the males having horns to fight rather than using their canine teeth (as the musk deer and a few others still do).
	www.bbc.co.uk /nature/wildfacts/factfiles/461.shtml (293 words)

	Antler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Antlers are the large and complex horn-like appendages of deer, consisting of bony outgrowths from the head with no covering of keratin as is found in true horns.
		The deer with the largest known antlers was the giant Irish deer, now extinct.
		Antler velvet, mostly obtained from farmed red deer, is used for holistic medicines in East Asian countries.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antler (296 words)

	AllAboutIrish - Bogs
		Insects abound and the peatlands have become home to the Giant Irish Deer.
		Reclaiming the bog at a much higher rate and other activities that compromised the peatlands means that there has been a significant loss in the amount of Ireland's land surface that is covered by healthy, intact bogs.
		The Irish Peat Conservation Council is leading the way with information and lobbying efforts on behalf of these delicate ecosystems.
	www.allaboutirish.com /library/places/bogs.shtm (657 words)

	Extinct Giant Deer Survived Ice Age, Study Says (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Saber-toothed cats, mastodons, giant sloths, woolly rhinos, and many other big, shaggy mammals are widely thought to have died out around the end of the last ice age, some 10,500 years ago.
		The Irish elk, so-called because its well-preserved remains are often found in lake sediments under peat bogs in Ireland, first appeared about 400,000 years ago in Europe and central Asia.
		The giant deer made its last stand in western Siberia, some 3,000 years after the ice sheets receded, said the study's co-author, Adrian Lister, professor of palaeobiology at University College London, England.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2004/10/1006_041006_giant_deer.html (569 words)

	Blaschke Exotic Deer Farm: Livestock
		Although Axis are the only deer we guarantee to have in stock year-round, we also deal with large numbers of Red, Sika and Fallow deer as well.
		Fallow Deer are native to the Mediterranean region, but have greatly increased their range due to introductions, and now are common in the wilds of Europe and parts of Asia.
		The largest species of deer ever to walk the earth, the Irish Elk roamed from the British Isles to Asia and North Africa during the last ice age.
	www.exoticdeer.org /blaschke2.htm (1371 words)

	Ireland - MSN Encarta
		Over many centuries of human settlement almost all of Ireland’s natural woodlands were cleared, and indigenous animals such as bear, wolf, wildcat, beaver, wild cattle, and the giant Irish deer (a type of fallow deer) gradually disappeared.
		Another important environmental issue is the ongoing radioactive contamination of the Irish Sea caused by discharges from a nuclear materials processing plant at Sellafield, England.
		Numbering approximately 25,000, Travellers move and camp across the Irish countryside in small groups or cluster in enclaves within cities.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761566701_2/Ireland.html (725 words)

	Geoghegan Pages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Irish coffee, the internationally acclaimed beverage, was invented at Shannon in 1943 by Chef Joe Sheridan.
		Irish Genealogy Ltd. is happy to direct customers seeking to trace their family history in Ireland to one of the IFHF centres, to APGI or AUGRA, or, for those who prefer, to the Consultancy service on ancestry tracing at the Genealogical Office.
		In the foyer are the skeletons of a pair of extinct Giant Irish Deer.
	www.geoghegan.org /clan/clan2005.html (12343 words)

	magoo.com: More Irish Names Derived from "Horse" by Hugh McGough
		The Mag Samhradains, Magaurans or McGoverns are said by the authorities to be descended from the stock of Eochaidh Muighmheadoin, Irish Kings #124; namely from Brian, the oldest of Eochaid's five sons.
		Irish Ancestors lists Steed households in Ireland who are listed in Griffith's Valuation (the Primary Valuation property survey of 1848-64), including 15 in county Antrim (plus 2 Steid families) and 12 in county Galway.
		Irish Ancestors lists 86 Dobbyn households in Ireland at the time of Griffith's Valuation (26 in county Waterford, 10 in county Down); 159 Dobbin families (28 in county Antrim, plus 23 in Belfast City; 22 in county Armagh); and 17 Dobbins families (6 in county Louth).
	www.magoo.com /hugh/horsenames.html (10150 words)

	THE IRISH NATURALIST (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Irish Naturalist was published for 33 years and contained in total over 3000 pages, which reflect the diversity of Ireland's flora and fauna as well as its varied habitats.
		The cover of The Irish Naturalist was very distinctive, and featured a number of well-known ‘Irish’ species: the giant Irish deer, the Kerry spotted slug, a saxifrage, and the Galway burnet moth.
		The Irish Naturalist is one of the major sources for scientific research today and provides a valuable insight into the countryside, nature, environment and attitudes of the 1890's to 1920s.
	www.habitas.org.uk /inj/irishnat.htm (658 words)

	University College Dublin - News
		- A Specimen of the Giant Irish Deer reinstalled
		Pictured at the launch of the new Giant Deer exhibit in the Biology Building are Dr. Tom Hayden, Mr.
		It also includes an illustration of the Giant Deer which was developed based on the known structure of the skeleton and cave paintings found in various parts of Europe where the species would have been known to humans.
	www.ucd.ie /news/feb04/deer.htm (306 words)

	National Roads Authority: 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Giant Irish Deer are believed to have become extinct about 12,000 years ago.
		The skull and antlers are to be housed at the County Museum, Letterkenny.
		The inspiration for the project is a reinterpretation of the age-old Irish tradition of marking special places with stone, one that has endured throughout the ages.
	www.nra.ie /News/PressReleases/2001/htmltext,80,en.html (404 words)

	Giant deer lived longer than thought: study (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Previously, the deer had been thought to have been killed by a cold spell about 10,500 years ago, at about the same time as the wooly mammoth and sabre-toothed cat.
		Male deer would not have been able to enter most wooded areas, and the food requirements to support the antlers would have been huge.
		The deer once lived from Ireland to Russia, but the last survivors may have been squeezed back into the Ural Mountains between Asia and Europe by climate change, hunting or the clearing of land for agriculture.
	www.cbc.ca /health/story/2004/10/06/deer041006.html (1280 words)

	Upper Palaeozoic
		A glacier moved from the north down the Irish Sea from Scotland; ice sheets covered most of the Irish midlands and moved across Dublin from the north-east, and a mountain ice cap was perched on the Dublin and Wicklow Mountains.
		The presence of this material in tills along the east coast demonstrates the direction of the flow of the Irish Sea Glacier from north to south (Hoare 1975).
		They are moderately well drained loamy textured soil types, and support good pasture land, suitable for vegetable growing in the north of the county.
	indigo.ie /~skerries/history/holmgeo.html (962 words)

	Wild Deer Ireland
		Fallow deer are our most popular park deer with over 60 herds in parks and enclosures.
		The giant irish deer which weighed up to 1000 lbs and stood at 2 metres at the sholder, with an amazing antler width of 4 metres!
		This Giant Irish Deer is believed to have roamed the lowlands of central and eastern Ireland, weighting up to 800-1000 lbs.
	www.wilddeerireland.com /Species.html (325 words)

	09.30.2004 - Climate change plus human pressure caused large mammal extinctions in late Pleistocene
		In Europe and parts of Asia, mammals such as the giant Irish deer or Irish elk died out broadly toward the end of the late Pliestocene, in some areas before humans were present.
		Earlier, though, warm-adapted megafauna such as straight-tusked elephants (Palaeoloxodon) and hippos, which were abundant during preceding interglacials, disappeared with the cooling of the last ice age, starting around 45,000 years ago and persisting up to the height of the glacial period 20,000 years ago.
		Only mammoths and mastodons have been found with incontrovertible evidence that they were killed by humans in North America, though human artifacts have been found in association with extinct megafauna fossils on all continents, including Africa.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/media/releases/2004/09/30_.shtml (1483 words)

	Ice-age companions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Some belong to animals that are typical of cold climat fauna to be expected in the ice-ages (Wooly Rhino, Giant Irish Deer, Cave Bear, Musk Ox).
		This animal was larger than modern deer, about the size of an Elk.
		The Giant Irish Deer is famous for its enormous antler span of 12 feet (3.5 meters).
	home.wanadoo.nl /van_der_mark/rmmam/COMPAN.HTM (384 words)

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