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Topic: Giant Depolarizing Potentials

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	Gross domestic product - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		GDP measures only final goods and services, that is those goods and services that are consumed by their final user, and not used as an input into other goods.
		GDP per capita is often used as an indicator of standard of living in an economy.
		GDP is intended to be a measure of particular types of economic activity within a country.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/GDP (2811 words)

	Muscarinic receptor modulation of GABA-mediated giant depolarizing potentials in the neonatal rat hippocampus -- ...
		The effect of endogenous ACh on GDP frequency was developmentally regulated as shown by the fact that, in the presence of edrophonium, the percentage increase in frequency of GDPs varied from 17 ± 8 % at P3 to 102 ± 23 % at P6 (Fig.
		Thus carbachol (1-3 µM) neither induced a membrane depolarization (in the presence of TTX; 1 µM) nor endogenous bursts (in the presence of GABA and ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists; MacVicar and Tse, 1989; Bianchi and Wong, 1994; Williams and Kauer, 1997).
		The potentiating effect of endogenous ACh on GDP frequency was mediated by M1 muscarinic receptors, as suggested by the ability of low concentrations of pirenzepine to antagonize the effects of edrophonium.
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/full/518/1/97 (6255 words)

	Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2004): Supplement 1Characterization of spontaneous network-driven synaptic ...
		A particular characteristic of the neonatal hippocampus is the presence of spontaneous network-driven oscillatory events, the so-called giant depolarizing potentials (GDPs).
		GDPs were synchronous in pair recordings from pyramidal neurons (CA1 and CA3, CA3 and CA3) and pyramidal neurons and interneurons.
		These data suggest that GDP like activity recorded from organotypic slice cultures displays a pattern very similar to that observed in acute slices obtained from neonatal rats and suggest that, at least in the majority of neurons, the action of GABA is still depolarizing and excitatory.
	www.ijpr-online.com /Docs/2004S1/115.htm (339 words)

	APStracts 6:0119N, 1999. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		By comparing EPSP frequency with the occurrence of synchronized GDPs between CA3 and the fascia dentata (FD) we found that GDPs are fired in an all-or-none manner, which is characterized by a specific threshold of EPSP frequency from which synchronous GDPs emerge.
		In FD, the EPSP frequency-threshold for GDP onset is 17 Hz.
		GDPs are similarly triggered in CA3 by appropriate periodic stimulation of mossy fibers.
	www.uth.tmc.edu /apstracts/1999/jn/March/119n.html (336 words)

	Us Real Gdp
		GDP stands for gross domestic product, the total value of all goods and services produced within that economy during a specified period.
		The GDP and GDP deflator are calculated by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA).
		GDP is designed to measure the market value of production that flows through the economy.
	www.artistbooking.com /trips/211/us-real-gdp.html (715 words)

	Giant Depolarizing Potentials: the Septal Pole of the Hippocampus Paces the Activity of the Developing Intact ...
		Spontaneous and evoked GDPs are present in neonatal hippocampal and medioseptal neurons of the intact septohippocampal complex in vitro.
		GDPs are synchronous in neurons from ipsilateral and contralateral hippocampi.
		As illustrated in A, not all GDPs propagated to the temporal extremity or to the contralateral hippocampus.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/18/16/6349 (5894 words)

	Read about Gross domestic product at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Gross domestic product and learn about Gross ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		GDP is defined as the total value of all goods and services produced within that territory during a specified period (or, if not specified, annually, so that "the UK GDP" is the UK's annual product).
		Whereas nominal GDP refers to the total amount of money spent on GDP, real GDP refers to an effort to correct this number for the effects of inflation in order to estimate the sum of the actual quantity of goods and services making up GDP.
		GDP counts work that produces no net gain, and does not account for negative externalities.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Gross_domestic_product (1497 words)

	Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2004): Supplement 1GABA-mediated membrane oscillations as coincidence ...
		GDPs depend on the synergistic action of GABA and glutamate acting on GABAA and (RS)-a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxadepropionate (AMPA) receptors, respectively.
		Early in postnatal life, GABA depolarizes and excites the postsynaptic cells due to high intracellular [Cl-] which results mainly from the unbalance of two Cl- co-transporter systems, the NKCCl and KCC2 that enhance and lower intracellular [Cl-], respectively.
		When the interval between GDPs and MF stimulation was increased, the potentiating effect progressively declined and disappeared.
	www.ijpr-online.com /Docs/2004S1/222.htm (382 words)

	Gross domestic product (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		The ratio of this to GDP as a whole is critical in the theory of crowding out, and the Keynesian cross.
		The GDP is calculated by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA).
		GDP doesn't take into account the fl economy, where the money isn't registered, and the non-monetary economy, where no money comes into play at all, resulting in inaccurate or abnormally low GDP figures.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/G/Gross-domestic-product.htm (2016 words)

	CiteULike: Depolarizing GABA acts on intrinsically bursting pyramidal neurons to drive giant depolarizing potentials in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		CiteULike: Depolarizing GABA acts on intrinsically bursting pyramidal neurons to drive giant depolarizing potentials in the immature hippocampus.
		Depolarizing GABA acts on intrinsically bursting pyramidal neurons to drive giant depolarizing potentials in the immature hippocampus.
		Furthermore, the characteristic rhythmicity of GDP generation is not based on a temporally patterned output of the GABAergic interneuronal network.
	www.citeulike.org /user/Terkko/article/220709 (258 words)

	Glutamate Controls the Induction of GABA-Mediated Giant Depolarizing Potentials Through AMPA Receptors in Neonatal Rat ...
		Note the shift to the right of the reversal potential and the change in the slope of the amplitude-voltage plot, 40 min after dialyzing the cell with fluoride.
		Downward deflections are electrotonic potentials evoked by injection of steady current pulses of the same amplitude (250-ms duration).
		Strata, F., Sciancalepore, M., and Cherubini, E. cAMP-dependent modulation of Giant Depolarizing Potentials by metabotropic glutamate receptors in the rat hippocampus.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/81/5/2095 (4853 words)

	Periodic activity: a fundamental property of the immature brain
		GDPs that are associated with oscillations of intracellular calcium are synaptic potentials that are largely GABAergic.
		GDPs will facilitate the activation of Hebbian mechanisms and generate an activity-dependent plasticity which will modulate the formation of novel synapses and neuritic extension.
		Using preparations developed in the laboratory we have for the first determine the propagation of GDPs within the intact hippocampus and recorded with patch-clamp techniques immature neurons in vivo and shown that GDPs are present in the immature rat.
	inmednet.com /Periodic-activity.html (143 words)

	Nonlinear Frequency-Dependent Synchronization in the Developing Hippocampus -- Prida and Sanchez-Andres 82 (1): 202 -- ...
		GDP failure is detected in CA1 (arrow in cell 6).
		GDP was detected in an area but not in the other (Fig.
		Leinekugel, X., Khalilov, I., Ben-Ari, Y., and Khazipov, R. Giant depolarizing potentials: the septal pole of the hippocampus paces the activity of the developing intact septohippocampal complex in vitro.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/82/1/202 (5002 words)

	Large-scale oscillatory calcium waves in the immature cortex - Nature Neuroscience
		Similar cENO-associated changes in field potential were also observed in non-stained and non-imaged slices (Fig.
		Field potential transients had comparable amplitudes and durations in both cases (Fig.
		Extracellular field potentials were low-pass filtered at 1 kHz, recorded with a custom-made DC amplifier and digitized at 5 kHz with an A/D converter (ITC 16, Instrutech, Port Washington, New York) controlled by Pulse software (HEKA, Lambrecht, Germany).
	www.nature.com /neuro/journal/v3/n5/full/nn0500_452.html (5680 words)

	Cyclic AMP-dependent modulation of giant depolarizing potentials by metabotropic glutamate receptors in the rat ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Cyclic AMP-dependent modulation of giant depolarizing potentials by metabotropic glutamate receptors in the rat hippocampus -- Strata et al.
		potentials (GDPs) in immature rat hippocampal CA3 neurones.
		12,13-diacetate (2 microM) induced the appearance of GDPs.
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/abstract/489/1/115 (528 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Giant depolarizing potentials (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		This is an extract from The Middle East Open Encyclopedia, made possible through the Wikimedia Foundation.
		Iraq Museum International always displays the most recent published revision of the source article, Giant depolarizing potentials; all previous versions may be viewed here.
		They link directly to authoring tools for you to start writing a particular article.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Giant_depolarizing_potentials (372 words)

	The allosteric glycine site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor modulates GABAergic-mediated synaptic events in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		In keeping with our earlier study, during the first postnatal week, CA3 neurons exhibited giant depolarizing potentials (GDPs).
		These GDPs are mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting on type A GABA (GABAA) receptors and modulated presynaptically by NMDA receptors.
		In contrast, glycine (up to 100 microM) had no effect on membrane potential, input resistance, or NMDA responses after postnatal day 10.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_2153293.html (309 words)

	ATP contributes to the generation of network-driven giant depolarizing potentials in the neonatal rat hippocampus -- ...
		ATP contributes to the generation of network-driven giant depolarizing potentials in the neonatal rat hippocampus -- Safiulina et al.
		Articles by Safiulina, V. Articles by Giniatullin, R. ATP contributes to the generation of network-driven giant depolarizing potentials in the neonatal rat hippocampus
		In the immature hippocampus, the so-called ‘giant depolarizing
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/abstract/565/3/981 (306 words)

	Depolarizing GABA Acts on Intrinsically Bursting Pyramidal Neurons to Drive Giant Depolarizing Potentials in the ...
		Depolarizing GABA Acts on Intrinsically Bursting Pyramidal Neurons to Drive Giant Depolarizing Potentials in the Immature Hippocampus -- Sipilä et al.
		recordings as giant depolarizing potentials (GDPs) during the
		neurons in the newborn rat generate intrinsic bursts when depolarized.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/abstract/25/22/5280 (245 words)

	Buy GDP Books online - selected, recommended and reviewed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		GDP Kit 1 for Word 2003 (Lessons 1-60)
		Gregg College Keyboarding and Document Processing (GDP) Student Take Home Version Software for Word 2003
		Microsoft (R) Word 2003 Manual for College Keyboarding and Document Processing (GDP)
	www.buybookonline.net /g/gd/gdp.html (152 words)

	From The Cover: GABA-mediated giant depolarizing potentials as coincidence detectors for enhancing synaptic efficacy in ...
		GABA-mediated giant depolarizing potentials as coincidence detectors for enhancing synaptic efficacy in the developing hippocampus
		acid (GABA), which at this stage is depolarizing and excitatory.
		We found that "pairing" GDPs with MF stimulation
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/101/11/3967 (501 words)

	dgp information,gdp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		All Occurences of 'gdp' were replaced with 'dgp'.
		This is a disambiguation page; that is, one that points to other pages that might otherwise have the samename.
		Latest version of article is located at wikipedia.org site.
	www.vsearchmedia.com /dgp.html (142 words)

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