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Topic: Giardia

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Giardia lamblia

Diarrhea

Parasite

Faeces

Flagellate

Percolozoa

Feces

Trypanosome

Dinoflagellate

Amoeboid

Labyrinthulomycetes

Water mould

Axodine

Amoebozoa

Opisthokont

	Giardia lamblia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Giardia lamblia (formerly also Lamblia intestinalis and also known as Giardia duodenalis and Giardia intestinalis) is a flagellated protozoan parasite that infects the gastrointestinal tract and causes giardiasis.
		Giardia infection is a concern for people camping in the wilderness or swimming in contaminated streams or lakes, especially the artificial lakes formed by beaver dams (hence the popular name for giardiasis, "Beaver Fever").
		Giardia alternates between two different forms — a hardy, dormant cyst that contaminates water or food and an active, disease-causing form that emerges after the parasite is ingested.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Giardia_lamblia (1079 words)

	Giardia in Birds
		Giardia is a one-celled protozoal organism that is commonly found in pet and aviary birds.
		Giardia is quite common in cockatiels, lovebirds and budgies, however, it can be found in most species of birds, including Amazons, macaws, pionus, Eclectus, lories, parrotlets, parakeets, African grey parrots, Poicephalus and cockatoos.
		You may be surprised that your bird is being diagnosed now with giardia, as it may have been examined by a veterinarian previously, and it may even have had fecal parasite exams performed in the past.
	www.exoticpetvet.net /avian/giardia.html (1048 words)

	Giardia - MicrobeWiki
		Giardia was initially named Cercomonas intestinalis by Lambl in 1859 and renamed Giardia lamblia by Stiles in 1915, in honor of Professor A. Giard of Paris and Dr. F.
		Giardia lamblia is the most commonly diagnosed intestinal parasite in public health laboratories in the United States, and is diagnosed by finding cysts or trophozoites in the feces of humans or animals (both of Giardia's life cycle stages have a characteristic appearance).
		Giardia reproduce by binary fission and must be attached to a surface for this to occur.
	microbewiki.kenyon.edu /index.php/Giardia (1178 words)

	Giardia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Giardia is a microscopic parasite that causes an infection of the upper bowel.
		Giardia organisms live in the intestines of humans and animals (beavers, muskrats, and other wild and domestic animals).
		The Giardia cysts (eggs) are present in the feces of infected persons or animals.
	www.co.benton.or.us /health/CH/CD/giardia.htm (1059 words)

	BBC - Health - Conditions - Giardiasis
		In 1859 a Bohemian doctor, Vilem Lambl, found giardia in human faeces and from then on it was thought to be a harmless occupant of the intestines.
		It wasn't until the 1970s that giardia was given its true status as one of the world's most common causes of diarrhoeal illness.
		Giardia is a type of single-celled organism called a protozoon.
	www.bbc.co.uk /health/conditions/giardiasis1.shtml (785 words)

	GIARDIASIS: DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT, AND PREVENTION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Giardia occur in two forms: a motile feeding stage that lives in the intestine, and a non-motile cyst stage that passes in the feces.
		Giardia trophozoites, the free living stage of the organism, form infective cysts that are passed out in the feces.
		The giardia test is a monoclonal antibody-based ELISA for the rapid detection of Giardia lamblia cysts antigen in stool specimens and serves as an in vitro aid in the diagnosis of giardiasis.
	www.beaglesunlimited.com /beaglehealth_giardiasis.htm (2949 words)

	Giardia - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Giardia lamblia Giardia lamblia (intestinalis) is a single celled animal, i.e., a protozoa, that moves with the aid of five flagella.
		Giardia is listed as a "rare disease" by the Office of Rare Diseases (ORD) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
		Symptoms are caused largely by the thick coating of Giardia organisms coating the inside of the small intestine and blocking nutrient absorption.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /g/giardia/intro.htm (972 words)

	American Water Works Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Giardia lamblia (giardia)is a protozoan parasite that lives and reproduces in the intestines of mammals, including humans.
		Giardia can be found in all regions of the U.S. and is present throughout the world.
		Giardia enters the source water supply as a spore, encased in a tough outer shell.
	www.awwa.org /Advocacy/pressroom/giardia.cfm (453 words)

	Giardia in Dogs - Vet On-Line
		The division of Giardia into groups according to species is still somewhat confused; the organisms that infect mammals look very similar but it remains unclear to what extent they form one or a number of species.
		It is for this reason that, while Giardia infection in some mammals, including dogs, is suspected of being infectious to man (ie: a zoonosis), it has not been conclusively shown that the species in, for example, dogs and man is the same.
		The Giardia trophozoite (Figure 1) - which is the active stage of the organism - inhabits the small intestine of the dog.
	www.priory.com /vet/giardia.htm (1576 words)

	Giardia infection (Giardiasis) - MayoClinic.com
		Giardia infection is an intestinal infection marked by stomach cramps, bloating, nausea and bouts of watery diarrhea.
		Giardia infection is caused by the parasite Giardia intestinalis (also called Giardia lamblia).
		Giardia infection (giardiasis) is one of the most common waterborne diseases in the United States.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/giardia-infection/DS00739 (310 words)

	US FDA/CFSAN - Bad Bug Book - Giardia lamblia
		Giardia lamblia (intestinalis) is a single celled animal, i.e., a protozoa, that moves with the aid of five flagella.
		Giardia can be excysted, cultured and encysted in vitro; new isolates have bacterial, fungal, and viral symbionts.
		Giardia lamblia is frequently diagnosed by visualizing the organism, either the trophozoite (active reproducing form) or the cyst (the resting stage that is resistant to adverse environmental conditions) in stained preparations or unstained wet mounts with the aid of a microscope.
	vm.cfsan.fda.gov /~mow/chap22.html (1163 words)

	G - Giardia
		Giardia is a protozoan parasite that lives in the intestine of affected animals.
		Most vets think that there may just be other factors, like the animal's immune response to the parasite that cause some animals to develop disease and not others.
		Clinical signs of giardia include weight loss, inability to gain weight appropriately during growth, diarrhea, vomiting, lack of appetite and greasy appearing stools.
	www.vetinfo.com /dencyclopedia/degiardia.html (344 words)

	Giardia facts - Vermont Department of Health
		Commonly called giardia, giardiasis is an intestinal infection caused by the protozoan Giardia lamblia.
		Symptoms of giardia infection are diarrhea, abdominal cramps, pale and greasy stools, fatigue, bloating, and weight loss.
		Giardia is diagnosed by a laboratory test that examines a stool sample for Giardia lamblia cysts or antigen.
	healthvermont.gov /prevent/giardia/giardia.aspx (620 words)

	Giardia
		Giardia are often found in feces from humans, beaver, muskrat, and dogs.
		Travelers to countries where the safety of drinking water is suspect should boil or disinfect and filter water that is to be used for drinking, food preparation or dental hygiene.
		As bottled water is not routinely monitored for Giardia and Cryptosporidium, its suitability as an alternative to boiled tap water is unknown.
	www.isga.org /informationcenter/HealthIssues/giardia.htm (805 words)

	Giardiasis (beaver fever)
		The giardia parasite is passed in the feces of an infected person or animal and may contaminate water or food.
		Giardia has been found in infected people (with or without symptoms) and wild and domestic animals.
		The beaver has gained attention as a potential source of giardia contamination of lakes, reservoirs and streams, but human fecal wastes are probably as important.
	www.health.state.ny.us /nysdoh/communicable_diseases/en/giardia.htm (507 words)

	Dog Owner's Guide: Giardia
		Giardia are protozoans, tiny, one-celled parasitic life forms with the potential to cause serious illness.
		The life cycle of Giardia is still somewhat of a mystery.
		Suffice to say, however, that Giardia is an equal opportunity disease that infects several species of animals, including humans.
	www.canismajor.com /dog/giardia.html (1189 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Giardia is a water-borne parasite that is widespread along the Front Range.
		Giardia is diagnosed by visualizing the cysts microscopically on a float or direct smear of fecal material.
		Signs of Giardia in humans are similar to those in pets, and can be quite severe (especially in the very young, very old, or immuno-compromised individual).
	www.countrysidevet.com /petcare_health/giardia.htm (609 words)

	Giardia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Although it has been frequently suspected that symptomatic and asymptomatic cases of giardiasis may be associated with strains of variable virulence, recent studies on the in vitro pathogenicity of Giardia stains isolated from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients failed to demonstrate any differences in the isolates Ref.
		The appearance of the characteristic Giardia cysts in the stool still remains the principle method of diagnosis.
		More recently the detection of salivary IgA antibodies to Giardia, has been shown to have a good correlation with the presence of cysts in the stools of children, and would appear to be much more sensitive than faecal examination.
	martin.parasitology.mcgill.ca /jimspage/biol/giardia.htm (597 words)

	Giardia Fact Sheet
		Giardia is a one-celled parasite that can cause a gastrointestinal illness caused giardiasis.
		Giardia is found in the feces of infected animals or humans.
		Bottled water may be a reasonable alternative to tap water, but the origin, quality and treatment of water before it is bottled varies considerably among companies and even among brands of water produced by the same company.
	www.doh.wa.gov /ehsphl/factsheet/giardia.htm (751 words)

	GiardiaDB (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Giardia lamblia is a significant, environmentally transmitted, human pathogen and an amitochondriate protist, often hypothesized to be the most basal eukaryote.
		The Giardia sequencing effort interfaces with its IRPG functional genomics unit "Giardia: a model for ancient eukaryote genome functions" which is directed by Frances Gillin at the University of California at San Diego.
		As the genome sequence of Giardia lamblia is nearing completion and because Giardia's life cycle can be reproduced in vitro, giardial gene expression is being examined using Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) to monitor genome-wide levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression throughout its life cycle.
	gmod.mbl.edu /perl/site/giardia?page=intro (762 words)

	Yosemite Association - Nature Notes
		The conclusions have always been that the “Giardia problem” in Sierra Nevada water is grossly exaggerated, and that the cases of giardiasis subsequent to wilderness visits are wrongly blamed on the water.
		Giardia is a flagellated (having whip-like appendages for locomotion) protozoan that, in the trophozoite (active) form, attaches itself with an adhesive disk to the lining of the upper intestinal tract of the host animal.
		But be careful with statistics: Animal droppings containing 100,000 Giardia cysts deposited at the edge of a 10 million liter lake may be an average of only 0.01 per liter for the lake as a whole, but in the immediate vicinity of the deposit, the concentration can be much higher.
	www.yosemite.org /naturenotes/Giardia.htm (5331 words)

	Untitled Document
		Giardia trophozoites are binucleate and replicate in the small intestines by binary fission.
		The rate of shedding increases to ~10% in kennel or shelter environments, and infection and clinical disease are greatest in puppies and kittens, with up to 50% of puppies potentially shedding the organism at any one time.
		In fact, because of difficulties in diagnosis, empirical treatment of Giardia is sometimes considered in cases of chronic, undiagnosed malabsorptive diarrhea.
	www.vetmed.wisc.edu /pbs/zoonoses/GIk9fel/giardia.html (785 words)

	Giardia cati in Cats
		Giardia are protozoa (one-celled organisms) that live in the small intestine of cats and dogs.
		Giardia are found throughout the United States and in many other parts of the world.
		Remember, Giardia of cats may infect people, so good, personal hygiene should be used by adults when cleaning litter boxes or picking up the yard, and by children who may play with pets or in potentially contaminated areas.
	www.peteducation.com /article.cfm?articleid=738 (1698 words)

	Giardia and your Flat-Coat
		Giardia is a microscopic organism that is dangerous to virtually all warm-blooded creatures.
		Giardia can be remarkably easy for your pet to catch: Just one lap of contaminated water or a bite on a contaminated stick is all it takes!
		-You can help prevent reinfection with Giardia by keeping your pets from drinking from streams or other dirty water, by placing your pet’s water bowl in an area where birds are unable to drop their feces in it, and by cleaning your yard regularly.
	www.flatcoat.com /giardia.htm (677 words)

	Introduction: Giardia - CureResearch.com
		Giardia: Giardiasis (GEE-are-DYE-uh-sis) is a diarrheal illness caused by Giardia intestinalis (also known as Giardia lamblia), a one-celled, microscopic parasite that lives in the intestine of people and animals.
		Researching symptoms of Giardia: Further information about the symptoms of Giardia is available including a list of symptoms of Giardia, other diseases that might have similar symptoms in differential diagnosis of Giardia, or alternatively return to research other symptoms in the symptom center.
		Statistics and Giardia: Various sources and calculations are available in statistics about Giardia, prevalence and incidence statistics for Giardia, and you can also research other medical statistics in our statistics center.
	www.cureresearch.com /g/giardia/intro.htm (470 words)

	Giadia IDTM - DNA Fingerprinting Cryptosporidium Species Strains - Source Molecular Corporation
		Giardia is a protozoa parasite affecting the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals.
		Since some Giardia species or strains are sometimes found in other animal groups, it is important however to strengthen the validity of the results with other microbial source tracking tests such as the Human Enterococcus ID
		Furthermore other species or strains of Giardia might be present in the sample that were not detected with the restriction enzymes used.
	www.sourcemolecular.com /giardia2.htm (917 words)

	Giardia in Dogs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		I am familiar with is giardiasis, an infection with the organism Giardia lamblia.
		Giardia can be very hard to find through fecal examinations so it is hard to be sure that it isn't present
		Giardia organisms from infected pets so treatment of the dogs would be a
	www.vetinfo.com /dgiardia.html (1030 words)

	Health
		Giardia is a parasite that is found in the small intestine of infected birds, dogs, cats, humans, and other mammals.
		The important thing is to rid the bird's environment of the Giardia cysts, which can live outside of the bird's body on dry surfaces for months, even years.
		Giardia gets spread around the cage bars, on toys, on perches, everywhere in the bird's area, so strict disinfecting measures must be adhered to if treatment is to be successful.
	www.birdsafe.com /health.htm (1295 words)

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