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Topic: Gibberellin

Related Topics

Cytokinin

Auxin

Plant growth substance

Abscisic acid

Plant hormone

Brassinosteroids

	ninemsn Encarta - Search Results - Gibberellin
		Gibberellin, one of the groups of hormones that influence the growth of plants.
		Gibberellins, which form or are converted into active forms in the seeds, young leaves, and roots, are also responsible for protein synthesis,...
		Gibberellins are other important plant-growth hormones; more than 50 kinds are known.
	au.encarta.msn.com /Gibberellin.html (85 words)

	Botany online: Plant hormones - Phytohormones - Gibberellins
		Gibberellins are diterpenoids derived from four isoprenoid units forming a system of four rings.
		In sun flowers is the gibberellin content highest in the young leaves and in the uppermost internodes while it decreases continuously towards the basal leaves and internodes.
		Gibberellins (like the best-studied GA) control the formation and secretion of hydrolases in grains (like that of barley): the mobilization of endosperm storage compounds during germination supplies the embryo with nutriments.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/e31/31d.htm (941 words)

	hgibb
		Gibberellin occurs in angiosperms, gymnosperms, mosses, algae, and fungi.
		Gibberellins help determine whether a particular part of a plant is juvenile or adult.
		Gibberellin controls elongation in the mature regions of trees and shrubs whereas auxin regulates elongation in grass seedlings and herbs.
	www2.mcdaniel.edu /Biology/botf99/hormweb/hgibb.htm (829 words)

	Plant Hormones Gibberellins
		Unlike the classification of auxins which are classified on the basis of function, gibberellins are classified on the basis of structure as well as function.
		All gibberellins are derived from the ent-gibberellane skeleton.
		Gibberellic acid, which was the first gibberellin to be structurally characterised, is GA There are currently 136 GAs identified from plants, fungi and bacteria.
	www.plant-hormones.info /gibberellins.htm (528 words)

	Theories of pinyon pine gall formation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Gibberellin acid in barley seeds causes starch breakdown but in pinyon needles the physiological effects are probably different.
		However, the gibberellin activity found in larval extracts may have been the insect molting hormone, ecdysone, producing gibberellin-like activity in the bioassay.
		Most needles remain living on the tree from 4 to 9 years; therefore auxin and/or gibberellin may induce senescent changes, or change the physiology of the gall to the extent that death results.
	www.wcrl.ars.usda.gov /cec/lab/rgalls.htm (829 words)

	AllRefer.com - gibberellins (Botany, General) - Encyclopedia
		In Japan it was long known that when rice seedlings were attacked by the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi they would grow to several times their normal height and then die, a phenomenon the Japanese called "the foolish seedling disease." A substance that caused these same effects was isolated from the fungus and named gibberellin.
		Other gibberellins exist rather widely in plants, and only an excess appears to cause abnormal effects.
		Gibberellins are used commercially in agriculture and horticulture to break dormancy, to speed up flowering and fruiting, and to stimulate the production of seedless fruits in the absence of pollination.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/G/gibberel.html (213 words)

	UCCE Tulare County, Grape Notes ( September/October 1999)
		The gibberellins were discovered back in 1926 by a Japanese plant pathologist studying the symptoms of a disease of rice called "foolish seedling." It was observed that the causal pathogen was a soilborne fungus, Gibberella fujikuroi (a fusarium type fungus), which caused infected rice seedlings to grow much taller than healthy ones.
		The gibberellin used on grapes is GA and is commercially produced by mass cultures of selected fungus strains and with fermentation and purification, similar to the way penicillin is produced.
		Unfortunately, gibberellin applied after berry set also reduces color development, especially when high rates are used or a late application is made (two weeks after berry set or later).
	cetulare.ucdavis.edu /pub/gra0999.htm (980 words)

	purevolume™ \| Gibberellin
		Gibberellin is a hard rock band out of Georgetown, SC.
		They played at a lot of local parties in the ariea, and were a cover band for about a year, they played at a local battle of the bands and won 100 dollars to spend at a local music store.
		gibberellin is geting dates set up to play at the beach and around SC.
	www.purevolume.com /gibberellin/bio (101 words)

	Gibberellins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Gibberellins exert their effects by altering gene transcription.
		DNA of control sequences of genes that are turned on by gibberellin.
		Although most of the specific proteins involved are quite different, both gibberellins and auxin affect gene expression by a similar mechanism of relief of repression.
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/G/Gibberellins.html (439 words)

	Plant growth hormones in pinyon insect galls (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The presence of other gibberellins could alter the levels calculated since our determinations were based on GA equivalents and activity of some of the other gibberellins varies.
		It may be, however, that the gibberellin activity found in the bioassay was actually the insect moulting hormone, ecdysone (Carlisle et al., 1963) since extracts from a non-gall forming insect species (T. myopaiformis) of similar weight also produced about 0.02 ng of gibberellin-like activity.
		However, high levels of exogenous gibberellin are known to increase auxin levels in plants (Kuraishi & Muir, 1964; Sastry & Muir, 1953) possibly by increasing the orthophenols which inhibit peroxidase (Kogl & Elema, 1960).
	www.wcrl.ars.usda.gov /cec/papers/mar76.htm (4096 words)

	Search Results for gibberellin - Encyclopædia Britannica
		Gibberellins are named after the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi, which produces excessive growth and poor yield in rice plants.
		Growth in plants is regulated by four categories of phytohormones—auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, and inhibitors.
		Sometimes divergence from the normal represents merely a quantitative change, which is evidenced by a harmonious but exaggerated manifestation of the normal developmental processes.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=gibberellin&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT (284 words)

	Gibberellins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		During the synthesis of gibberellins, the central 6-member ring is reduced to 5 carbons (A) to make the basic gibberellin.
		Gibberellins with hydroxylation in the beta-configuration (fl triangle for the bond here) at carbon 2 are all inactive.
		Whether a particular gibberellin (GA) is active or inactive was determined by simple bioassays, for example dwarf rice (cultivar 'Tan ginbozu') seedlings could have a microdrop of some gibberellin solution placed between the coleoptile and first leaf.
	koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu /Plant_Physiology/gibberellin.html (1031 words)

	'Green revolution' genes encode mutant gibberellin response modulators (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		This reduced response to gibberellin is conferred by mutant dwarfing alleles at one of two Reduced height-1 (Rht-B1 and Rht-D1) loci.
		Six different orthologous dwarfing mutant alleles encode proteins that are altered in a conserved amino-terminal gibberellin signalling domain.
		Transgenic rice plants containing a mutant GAI allele give reduced responses to gibberellin and are dwarfed, indicating that mutant GAI orthologues could be used to increase yield in a wide range of crop species.
	www.biotech-info.net /nature_letter.html (213 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Screening for Gibberellin Deficiency Mutants in Solanum Tuberosum Ssp. Andigena
		A mutant deficient in gibberellin (previously discovered by the author in a single population) was studied further.
		This allows for broadening the scope of basic research on the gene, and assures us that it is not so rare that we need worry about it being accidentally lost from the genebank.
		Technical Abstract: Gibberellin (GA) is a major plant hormone that influences many economically important physiological processes in potato.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=101507&pf=1 (245 words)

	Growth and Photosynthetic Processes
		The variety of effects of gibberellins described in the literature was thought to be due to variability in uptake caused by foliar sprays.
		By applying growth gibberellins to the roots of tomato plants a dramatic increase in photosynthesis was observed whereas in geranium plants increases in growth were observed by there was no effect on photosynthesis.
		It has been shown that by applying gibberellins to geranium plants that there is a dramatic increase in plant growth and development leading to approximately a 30 to 40 percent increase in cutting production.
	hortweb.cas.psu.edu /courses/hort420/Growth.html (1511 words)

	Pfam 18.0 : GASA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		This is the GASA gibberellin regulated cysteine rich protein family.
		The expression of these proteins is up-regulated by the plant hormone gibberellin, most of these proteins have some role in plant development.
		Expression patterns of GASA genes in Arabidopsis thaliana: the GASA4 gene is up-regulated by gibberellins in meristematic regions.
	pfam.wustl.edu /cgi-bin/getdesc?name=GASA (136 words)

	UM Developmental Biology Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Although gibberellins are known to play roles in virtually all aspects of plant growth and development, relatively little is known about gibberellin signal transduction.
		Current research efforts are using molecular genetic approaches to identify and characterize components of the gibberellin signal transduction pathway of Arabidopsis thaliana.
		Jacobsen, S.E. and Olszewski, N.E. (1993) Mutations at the spindly locus of Arabidopsis alter gibberellin signal transduction.
	www.med.umn.edu /dbc/html/faculty/Olszewski.html (373 words)

	Chemical & Engineering News: Latest News - Gibberellin Receptor Found
		Gibberellins induce many well-characterized responses in plants, including stem elongation, but how they do so is not known.
		“Gibberellins have been known for decades and have a central role in plant growth and development,” he adds.
		That it is a gibberellin receptor is based on several lines of evidence (Nature 2005, 437, 693).
	pubs.acs.org /cen/news/83/i40/8340notw7.html (343 words)

	growth regulator - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about growth regulator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Plant hormones are organic chemicals, and are usually referred to as ‘growth substances’.
		These are synthesized by plants, and the five major types are abscisic acid, auxin, cytokinin, ethylene (ethene), and gibberellin.
		These substances regulate growth and development, and are usually produced in a particular part of the plant, such as the shoot tip, and transported to other parts where they take effect.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /growth+regulator (420 words)

	Genetic manipulation of gibberellin metabolism in transgenic rice - Nature Biotechnology
		Thomas, S.G., Phillips, A.L. and Hedden, P. Molecular cloning and functional expression of gibberellin 2-oxidases, multifunctional enzymes involved in gibberellin deactivation.
		Expression of a gibberellin 2-oxidase gene around the shoot apex is related to phase transition in rice.
		Kobayashi, M., Sakurai, A., Saka, H. and Takahashi, N. Quantitative analysis of endogenous gibberellins in normal and dwarf cultivars of rice.
	www.nature.com /cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nbt/journal/v21/n8/full/nbt847.html (2902 words)

	PHOTOPERIODIC CONTROL OF GIBBERELLIN METABOLISM IN LONG-DAY ROSETTE PLANTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		APPROACH: The regulation of gibberellin biosynthesis by the photoperiod is investigated intwo rosette plants, Arabidopsis and spinach.
		Gibberellins are required for stem growth under long-day conditions and the C-20 oxidase is the subject of this study.
		Endogenous gibberellins will be measured by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using internal standards.
	www.nal.usda.gov /pgdic/pggrantinfo/1994/9167093.html (448 words)

	Cloning gibberellin dioxygenase genes from pumpkin endosperm by heterologous expression of enzyme activities in ...
		Cloning gibberellin dioxygenase genes from pumpkin endosperm by heterologous expression of enzyme activities in Escherichia coli -- Lange 94 (12): 6553 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
		Cloning gibberellin dioxygenase genes from pumpkin endosperm by heterologous expression of enzyme activities in Escherichia coli
		Gibberellin (GA) plant hormones are biosynthesized via complex pathways, the final steps of which are catalyzed by 2-oxoglutarate-dependent
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/94/12/6553 (743 words)

	The regulation of leaf elongation and xyloglucan endotransglycosylase by gibberellin in 'Himalaya' barley (Hordeum ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The regulation of leaf elongation and xyloglucan endotransglycosylase by gibberellin in 'Himalaya' barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) -- Smith et al.
		The regulation of leaf elongation and xyloglucan endotransglycosylase by gibberellin in 'Himalaya' barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
		Characterization of a Xyloglucan Endotransglucosylase Gene That Is Up-Regulated by Gibberellin in Rice
	jxb.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/47/302/1395?vol=47&fp=1395&view=abstract (673 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: The Arabidopsis F-Box Protein Sleepy1 Targets Gibberellin Signaling repressors for ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The importance of GAs in modulating plant stature is highlighted by the recent finding that the semidwarf wheat cultivars from the "Green Revolution" in the 1960s contain mutations that affect GA signaling.
		This affinity for GAI and RGA is enhanced by a gain-of-function mutation, sly1-d, that suppresses that dwarf phenotypes of rga-delta17 and gai-1.
		Technical Abstract: Bioactive gibberellins (GAs) are a class of plant hormones that control growth and development throughout the life cycle of a plant.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/Publications.htm?seq_no_115=168381 (610 words)

	IngentaConnect An increase in the speed of response, and sensitivity, of Avena f...
		A reduction in the duration of the lag phase is also observed in intact wild oat aleurone layers that have been incubated in the absence of hormone for 4 days prior to gibberellin treatment.
		Dose response analysis revealed that the concentration of gibberellin required to induce a maximum response was approximately one order of magnitude lower in the 4 day-old tissue compared with freshly isolated material.
		These observations suggest that the long duration of the lag phase of freshly isolated aleurone layers and protoplasts of wild oat is due in part to gibberellin independent events.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/urban/271/2002/00000159/00000004/art00590 (357 words)

	Impact of Altered Gibberellin Metabolism on Biomass Accumulation, Lignin Biosynthesis, and Photosynthesis in Transgenic ...
		Ridoutt BG, Pharis RP, Sands R (1996) Fibre length and gibberellins A1 and A20 are decreased in Eucalyptus globulus by acylcyclohexanedione injected into stem.
		Sauter M, Mekhedov SL, Kende H (1995) Gibberellin promotes histon H1 kinase activity and the expression of cdc2 and cyclin genes during the induction of rapid growth in deepwater rice.
		Thomas SG, Phillips AL, Hedden P (1999) Molecular cloning and functional expression of gibberellin 2-oxidases multifunctional enzymes involved in gibberellin deactivation.
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/135/1/254 (6927 words)

	Netherland
		Gibberellin Synthesis Inhibitor Effects on Submersed Aquatic Weed Species, Purdue University.
		A laboratory bioassay showed that inhibitors of gibberellin synthesis (flurprimidol, paclobutrazol, and uniconazole) reduced plant height but did not affect physiological parameters such as photosynthesis, respiration, and chlorophyll content in two weedy submersed aquatic plants, hydrilla and Eurasian watermilfoil.
		Our results indicate that these gibberellin synthesis inhibitors would be effective in reducing plant height in aquatic systems.
	www.sgnis.org /publicat/ws29.htm (247 words)

	Dwarfism genes and dwarf plants (US6921849)
		Curtis, I.S., et al., “Induction of dwarfism in transgeneic Solanum dulcamara by over-expression of a gibberellin 20-oxidase.
		Martin, D.N., et al., “The SLENDER gene of pea encodes a gibberellin 2-oxidase.” Plant Physiol., 121, 775-781, 1999.
		Sakamoto, T., et al., “Expression of a gibberellin 2-oxidase gene around the shoot apex is related to phase transition in rice.” Plant Physiol., 125, 1508-1516, 2001.
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=US06921849__ (566 words)

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