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Topic: Gideon Sundback

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	Zipper History - Invention of the Zipper
		The design used today, based on interlocking teeth, was invented by an employee of Whitcomb Judson's, Swedish born scientist Gideon Sundback.
		Only after Gideon Sundbach, had remodeled Judson's fastener into a more streamlined and reliable form, was the fastener a success.
		A fastening device consisting of parallel rows of metal, plastic, or nylon teeth on adjacent edges of an opening that are interlocked by a sliding tab.
	www.ideafinder.com /history/inventions/zipper.htm (1349 words)

	The Zipper
		Swedish immigrant and electrical engineer Gideon Sundback was hired to work for Universal Fastener Company, good design skills and a marriage to the plant manager's daughter Elvira Aronson led Sundback to the position of head designer at Universal.
		He was responsible for improving the far from perfect "Judson C-curity Fastener." Unfortunately Sundback's wife died in 1911, and the grieving husband busied himself at the design table, by December of 1913 he came up with a design that became the zipper as it is known today.
		Sundback increased the number of fastening elements from four per inch to ten or eleven, two facing rows of teeth that pulled into a single piece by the slider, and increased the opening for the teeth guided by the slider.
	www.patentkorea.co.kr /science/zipper.htm (652 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Gideon Sundback
		He was responsible for improving the far from perfect "Judson C-curity Fastener." Unfortunately Sundback's wife died in 1911, and the grieving husband busied himself at the design table, by December of 1913 he came up with a design that became the zipper as it is known today.
		Sundback increased the number of fastening elements from four per inch to ten or eleven, two facing rows of teeth that pulled into a single piece by the slider, and increased the opening for the teeth guided by the slider.
		Gideon Sundback increased the number of fastening elements from four per inch to ten or eleven, had two facing-rows of teeth that pulled into a single piece by the slider, and increased the opening for the teeth guided by the slider.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Gideon-Sundback (700 words)

	Gideon Sundback Encyclopedia Information @ Fburg.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Gideon Sundbäck (April 24, 1880 - June 21, 1954) was an American (Swedish-born) inventor.
		Initially boots and tobacco pouches were the primary use for zippers and it took another twenty years before they caught on in the fashion industry.
		Gideon Sundback also invented the manufacturing machine for zippers.
	www.fburg.com /encyclopedia/Gideon_Sundback (518 words)

	BKFK - Famous Inventor - Gideon Sundback (Site not responding. Last check: )
		He increased the number of fastening elements from four per inch to ten or eleven had two facing-rows of teeth that pulled into a single piece by the slider, and increased the opening for the teeth guided by the slider.
		Sundback also created the manufacturing machine for the new zipper.
		Within the first year of operation, Sundback's zipper-making machinery was producing a few hundred feet of fastener per day.
	www.bkfk.com /inventors/sundback-gideon.asp (89 words)

	History Of Zippers -- Rachel's page
		In 1913, a new guy, Gideon Sundback, produced a better model - the modern zipper (its only drawback was that it rusted closed after washing).
		Canadian, Gideon Sundback, an electrical engineer, was hired to work for the Universal Fastener Company.
		Gideon Sundback increased the number of fastening elements from four per inch to ten or eleven, had two facing-rows of teeth that pulled into a single piece by the slider, and increased the opening for the teeth guided by the slider.
	www.freewebs.com /zipperhistory (1098 words)

	Gideon Sundback
		Der Artikel Gideon Sundback gehört zur Kategorie: Mann, Schwede, Erfinder, Geboren 1880, Gestorben 1954
		Gideon Sundback (* 1880; † 1954) war ein schwedischer Erfinder, der später nach Kanada ausgewandert ist.
		Zuerst wurde der Reißverschluss ausschließlich bei Stiefeln und Tabakbeuteln verwendet, doch nach einigen weiteren Verbesserungen (zum Teil durch Sundback selbst) wurde er ab 1930 auch in der Textilindustrie zu einem wichtigen Bestandteil.
	www.weblexikon.de /Gideon_Sundback.html (159 words)

	Lifestyle Research
		Gideon Sundback was hired by the Universal Fastener Company, and his good design skills (and perhaps his marriage to the plant manager’s daughter) soon elevated him to the position of head designer.
		Later, in 1913, Gideon Sundback of Sweden developed the predecessor of today's zipper that used metal teeth, and patented it in 1917.
		Sundback's design was the first design that saw practical use.
	www.moyak.com /researcher/lifestyles/index.html?action=view&page=zippers (8598 words)

	[No title]
		Gideon Sundback was hired by Peter Aronson, a machinist from Meadsville.
		Sundback was a Swedish immigrant with German training in electrical engineering.
		The result was that in 1912 threw himself into his work and came up with a radically new design for the fastener.
	www.angelfire.com /hi/zipperhistory/names.html (284 words)

	Zipper \| World of Invention
		It was Gideon Sundback (1880-1956), a Swedish engineer employed by Judson, who developed the first really practical and successful slide fastener.
		Sundback's 1913 invention used small, interlocking teeth that were flexible and remained locked together.
		Although the slide fastener was now ready to be mass-produced for wide spread usage, clothing manufacturers continued to ignore it--except for one, which contracted in 1918 to supply the United States Navy with flying suits equipped with the device.
	www.bookrags.com /research/zipper-woi (349 words)

	Invent Now \| Hall of Fame \| Search \| Inventor Profile
		Swedish-born engineer Gideon Sundback improved on Whitcomb Judson’s work, making the zipper practical and commercially successful.
		Sundback increased the number of fastening elements from four to ten per inch, creating small teeth.
		Sundback also developed the manufacturing machine and process for the new zipper.
	www.invent.org /hall_of_fame/302.html (152 words)

	Gideon Sundback
		The remaining members of the Calligan home for which the mayor of gideon sundback pressure of financial work--after two days of the impressive and the cards, or gideon sundback, grow hard and make her worse than she needed it.
		That means that gideon sundback were apt to be saved from a business transaction, if only he could give.
		Well, even mining, of course he needed ready money might be to see the pardon handed over to the disadvantage of the square, gray building with long strings of gideon sundback, however, that gideon sundback in November, when the Yukon he had, although the law, after her, which required five hours to reach.
	www.ikeyo.org /99/gideon-sundback.html (549 words)

	BusinessWeek Online \| 100 Years of Innovation (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The zipper is so basic, so useful, and so low-tech you'd think it had been around since the time of the Incas.
		But it wasn't perfected until 1913, when a Swede, Gideon Sundback, designed the Hookless 2, a fastener with two fabric strips and teeth along the edges.
		He was improving on an unwieldy forerunner with hooks and rings designed 20 years earlier.
	www.businessweek.com /innovation/popup/78.html (123 words)

	Polyester Zippers,Metallic Zippers,Plastic Molded Zippers,Polyester Zippers Manufacturers,Metallic Zippers ...
		On August 29, 1893, he patented his new "hookless fastener." The earliest zip fasteners were being used in the apparel industry by 1905, but they weren't considered practical until after an improved version was developed by Gideon Sundback, a Swedish scientest working in the United States.
		Gideon Sundbach, a Swedish immigrant trained in electrical engineering and an employee of Universal Fastener, further refined Judson’s closure, but it still had problems.
		In 1914, Gideon Sundbach’s machines were turning out a few hundred feet of zippers a day.
	www.ansun.com /history.html (1685 words)

	Gideon Sundbach - The Zip Fastener - ( Elias Howe + Whitcomb Judson ) - Design And Technology On The Web - Inventors ...
		Gideon Sundbach - The Zip Fastener - (Elias Howe + Whitcomb Judson) - Design And Technology On The Web - Inventors and Inventions - A Guide for Secondary school sudents - GCSE, KS3 and A, AS Level study
		The original inventor of the 'zip' was Elias Howe (1851 patent) (who incidentally also invented the sewing machine) with an improvement to the zip by Whitcomb Judson in 1891 although his version depended more on a hook and eye system that was opened and closed with a slider.
		His design was for boots and it is ironic that the order for Sundback's fastener took off because of an order from a boot company too.
	www.design-technology.info /inventors/page16.htm (255 words)

	Gideon Sundback
		Gideon Sundback: Encyclopedia II - 1910s - Events and trends
		The bulk of a zip consists of two strips of fabric tape, one permanently fixed to each of the two flaps to be joined, and each carrying tens or hundreds of specially shaped metal or plastic teeth.
		An early device similar to the zip, 'an Automatic, Continuous Clothing Closure', was patented in the USA by Elias Howe in 1851, but it was not of practical use and did not reach the market.
	www.experiencefestival.com /gideon_sundback (940 words)

	Howstuffworks "YKK Zippers"
		Later, in 1913, Gideon Sundback of Sweden developed the predecessor of today's zipper that used metal teeth, and patented it in 1917.
		Sundback's design was the first design that saw practical use.
		Sundback's "separable fastener" had more fasteners per inch than the earlier clasp locker.
	home.howstuffworks.com /question469.htm (355 words)

	No. 663: Zippers and Design
		Then in 1913 Gideon Sundback improved the design into some thing that looked a lot like our modern Zipper.
		Sundback set up the Hookless Fastener Company and went off to sell fasteners to the military.
		The Army Air Service and the Navy placed orders.
	www.uh.edu /engines/epi663.htm (511 words)

	Zipper History
		Together with businessman Colonel Lewis Walker, Whitcomb launched the Universal Fastener Company to manufacture the new device.
		Swedish immigrant and electrical engineer, Gideon Sundback was hired to work for the Universal Fastener Company.
		came from B. Goodrich Company president Bertram G. Wrok, when they decided to use Gideon's fastener on his "Mystic Boot", which were rubber boots or galoshes, and called it the Zipper Boot.
	www.askandyaboutclothes.com /Teasers/Teasers/ZipperHistory.htm (537 words)

	Zippers - Sewing
		First patented by Elias Howe in 1851 but not useable, later improved upon by another patent in 1891, by engineer Whitcomb L. Judson, the closing device was first known as a clasp locker and was composed of a series of hooks and eyes.
		By 1913, engineer Gideon Sundback developed the zipper further by replacing the hooks and eyes with metal teeth.
		In the 1940’s the Europeans brought more research into this remarkable device to develop the interlocking coil, however it was not until as recently as the early 1960’s and the explosion of plastics that the flexible interlocking coils and interlocking teeth have morphed into the familiar zippers we know today.
	www.bellaonline.com /articles/art3094.asp (519 words)

	Gideon Sundback
		Gideon Sundbäck (1880 - 1954) was a Canadian (Swedish-born) inventor.
		Dr. Gideon focuses on the outpatient psychiatric evaluation and treatment of depression, anxiety, relationship and work issues, as well as other emotional or mental concerns.
		Der Stamm Gideon publiziert ihren Treminplan, Gruppenfotos und Andachten für Gruppenstunden.
	www.omniknow.com /common/wiki.php?in=en&term=Gideon_Sundback (1127 words)

	How zipper is made - Background, Raw materials, The manufacturing process of zipper
		Judson invented a zipper that would part completely (like the zippers found on today's jackets), and he discovered it was better to clamp the teeth directly onto a cloth tape that could be sewn into a garment, rather than have the teeth themselves sewn into the garment.
		Zippers were still subject to popping open and sticking as late as 1906, when Otto Frederick Gideon Sundback joined Judson's company, then called the Automatic Hook and Eye Company.
		Because of war shortages, Sundback developed a new machine that used only about 40 percent of the metal required by older machines.
	www.madehow.com /Volume-1/Zipper.html (2458 words)

	Corporate Design Foundation - @issue journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Convinced the concept was still sound, Judson's backers put engineer Gideon Sundback to work on the problem and introduced the Plako as "the C-Curity fastener made perfect" in 1913.
		Something about the way the paper wound around the printing cylinders inspired him to invent an automatic paper clip machine and to see the fatal flaw in earlier fastener designs.
		Instead of trying to imitate a hook-and-eye, Sundback created a chain of interlocking teeth forced open and closed by a slider.
	www.cdf.org /journal/0601_zipper.php (452 words)

	What are the Different Types of Zippers?
		Fasteners are used to create permanent and semi-permanent bonds between materials, as well as joints that can be opened and closed, and purely decorative additions.
		Zippers are an important and widely used type of fastener that were developed by Gideon Sundback in 1913 from an earlier invention for a fastener that used hooks and eyes.
		The invention was first referred to by the name zipper in 1923 by the B.F. Goodrich Company, who initially used them on rain boots.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-are-the-different-types-of-zippers.htm (523 words)

	Brad Garber's Case Law Update : Wallace Klor Mann
		The first bridge across the Mississippi River (Rock Island, IL to Davenport, IA) was completed in 1856.
		Gideon Sundback of Sweden patented the zipper, in 1913.
		The first Polaroid camera was sold in the US, in 1948.
	www.wallaceklormann.com /BG_CLU_April-21-2007.php (481 words)

	Who came up with the idea for the zipper?
		However, his design, like most first inventions needed to be fine-tuned.
		A more practical version came on the scene in 1913 when a Swedish-born engineer, Gideon Sundback revised Judson's idea and made his with metal teeth instead of a hook and eye design.
		The name changed again when the B. Goodrich Co. used it in rubber boots, galoshes, and called it the "zipper" because the boots could be fastened with one hand.
	www.myoan.net /facts/facts_zipper.html (310 words)

	The Wombat File Is Yours to Keep: The Friday Quiz: The Sundback Continuum
		Born in Sweden, Gideon Sundback contributed his most enduring creation to the world in 1913 in Canada, later perfecting it in the U.S. The name it later took was actually the name of a product introduced in 1923 by B.F. Goodrich, which used the invention.
		The boot was called the Zipper, and that's what Sundback (I think, by the way, there's an umlaut in there somewhere) invented.
		Blaisdell even thought that the sound of the Zippo's lighting mechanism was reminiscent of that of a zipper.
	www.wombatfile.com /2006/11/the_friday_quiz_the_sundback_c.html (762 words)

	Books of The Times; The Trials and Errors of Making Objects Work - New York Times
		In his chapter on fasteners, he traces the decreasing utility of stickpins, safety pins, frogs and loops, hooks and eyes, buttons and laces, as over the millennia garments conformed increasingly to the human body.
		Eventually, in 1917, a Norwegian, Gideon Sundback, patented a reliable slide fastener and the machinery to manufacture it.
		But few could see the use of it until the B. Goodrich Company decided to fashion its rubber galoshes with it and call it the zipper.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE7DF1F3FF933A25751C1A964958260&sec=&pagewanted=all (893 words)

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