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Topic: Gigawatts

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	City Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		As it happened, the hotel was hosting a seminar for elevator mechanics that day; they helped extract guests trapped in the hotel's elevators, including a group trapped in the middle of a 20-story blind shaft, which required breaking a hole through a wall on the 15th floor.
		About 3.7 gigawatts are imported via overhead transmission lines that run down from the north to Westchester, where they transmit to underground cables.
		Thus, a grid moving gigawatts of power collapsed because it failed to move a couple of screens' worth of data, and execute a few hundred bits' worth of digital logic.
	www.manhattan-institute.org /cfml/printable.cfm?id=1698 (5369 words)

	Electricity Capability Information Sheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Although the effect of the shift from utility to nonutility ownership of generating units was relatively small at the national level, it can be observed more strongly at the State level when restructuring legislation required or encouraged divestiture of the utility's generating assets.
		From 2002 to 2025, a total of 62 gigawatts of capacity is expected to be retired, virtually all fossil fired.
		From 2011 to 2025, 105 gigawatts of new coal-fired capacity is expected to be brought on line—more than one-half of it after 2020.
	www.eia.doe.gov /neic/infosheets/electriccapability.htm (467 words)

	Techs & Specs - National Insulation Association, Representing the Mechanical and Industrial Insulation Industry, ...
		Between now and 2020, 26 gigawatts (27 percent) of current nuclear capacity and 43 gigawatts (8 percent) of current fossil-fueled capacity are expected to be retired.
		The projected reduction in baseload nuclear capacity is expected to have a modest impact on the electricity outlook after 2010: 51 percent of the new combined-cycle and 15 percent of the new coal-fired capacity projected in the entire forecast are expected to be brought on line between 2010 and 2020.
		Nearly 13 gigawatts of distributed generation capacity is projected to be added by 2020, as well as a small amount (less than 1 gigawatt) of fuel cell capacity.
	www.insulation.org /articles/article.cfm?id=IO011001 (1771 words)

	Annual Energy Outlook with Projections to 2025 - Market Trends- Electricity Demand and Supply
		Wind-powered generating capacity increases from 6.6 gigawatts in 2003 to 11.3 gigawatts in 2025, and generation from wind capacity increases from less than 11 billion kilowatthours in 2003 to 35 billion in 2025.
		In the electric power sector, 1.6 gigawatts is projected as a result of State requirements and goals (wind 1.3 gigawatts, geothermal and landfill gas each 0.1 gigawatt, plus smaller amounts of biomass, waste, and solar capacity) and the rest from commercial projects (Figure 76).
		In the advanced nuclear case 7 gigawatts of new nuclear capacity is added by 2025, and in the vendor estimate case 25 gigawatts is added by 2025.
	www.eia.doe.gov /oiaf/aeo/electricity.html (3989 words)

	Federation Chronicle - January 11, 2004 - Event Reports 8 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In attendance were Cricket, Faolan, Gigawatts, Greyspacewolf, Jazir, Lifeisgolf, Melian, Moonus, Shel, and Sim.
		Gigawatts scored a couple of the 2-pointers, but Jazir was on a roll tonight.
		Moving over to Gigawatts, his response was, "Where is Castillo?" While there is vertical movement to the "exchange" there, it isn't a working exchange, so it was incorrect.
	www.ibgames.net /fednews/040111/events08.html (397 words)

	Background Information on How Images are Created
		A particle power input of less than 10 gigawatts (10,000,000,000 watts) to a single polar region, either in the North or the South, represents a very low level of auroral activity.
		The upper bounds of the first nine levels were defined by a geometric progression of power levels beginning at 2.5 gigawatts up to 96 gigawatts; the tenth level contained estimated power inputs greater than 96 gigawatts.
		Power flux observations--averaged over one degree of magnetic latitude--from all polar passes with a given activity level were then merged to produce a statistical pattern (a map) of auroral particle power deposition for an entire polar region.
	www.sel.noaa.gov /pmap/BackgroundInfo.html (737 words)

	Analysis of S.1844, the Clear Skies Act of 2003; S.843, the Clean Air Planning and S.366 the Clean Power Act of 2003 - ...
		In the Jeffords case, 31 additional gigawatts of these end-use facilities are projected to be added, and 6 additional gigawatts of distributed generation facilities are added in the power generation sector.
		By 2025, between 139 gigawatts and 142 gigawatts of capacity are projected to be retrofitted with ACI fabric filter systems in the Carper cases.
		In the Jeffords case nearly 147 gigawatts of coal capacity is projected to be retrofitted with full fabric systems while 60 gigawatts are retrofitted with supplemental fabric filter systems with activated carbon injection to meet the generator specific mercury emission limits.
	www.eia.doe.gov /oiaf/servicerpt/csa/proposed_bill.html (8543 words)

	green@work magazine - Commentary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In contrast, the renewable power industry earns $23 billion a year by adding 12 gigawatts of capacity every year: In 2004, eight gigawatts of wind; three gigawatts of geothermal, small hydro, biomass and wastes; and one gigawatt of photovoltaics (69 percent of nuclear’s 2004 new construction starts, which photovoltaics should surpass this year).
		And distributed, fossil-fueled cogeneration of heat and power added a further 15 gigawatts in 2004; it does release carbon, but 30 percent less than the separate boilers and power plants it replaces, or up to 80 percent less with fuel switching.
		Windpower’s 50-plus gigawatts of global capacity—half of U.S. nuclear power capacity—paused in 2004 due to Congressional wrangling, but is expected to triple in the next four years, mainly in Europe, which aims to get 22 percent of its electricity from renewables by 2010.
	www.greenatworkmag.com /gwsubaccess/05julaug/commentary.html (937 words)

	Federation Chronicle - March 28, 2004 - Event Reports 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Gigawatts then got on the board and had a nice run to score four points in five questions.
		Gigawatts did not appear to be fazed, however, as he scored the next two questions to lead 10-5 over Xyli after 15.
		Gigawatts, however risked nothing, and kept all 10 of his points.
	www.ibgames.net /fednews/040328/events05.html (446 words)

	Learn more about Electricity in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Electric power, for most consumers, is generated centrally by utility companies using coal, oil, hydropower, or nuclear power.
		In 2000, U.S. electric utilities had 600 gigawatts of maximum summer generating capacity including 261 GW from coal, 41 GW from petroleum, 118 GW from natural gas, 92 GW from hydropower and 86 GW from nuclear fuels.
		Little generating capacity is presently based on renewable sources such as solar power and wind power.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /e/el/electricity.html (1437 words)

	1.21 gigawatts - Bad Astronomy and Universe Today Forum
		In fact a typical bolt of lightning is somewhere around a gigawatt, though occasionally you can get much larger than that (a hundred to a thousand times more powerful!) Of course, it's very short-lived, so the amount of energy isn't as large as it might seem from the power, though still pretty impressive.
		If it only needs to be powered for the fraction of a second that is the typical duration of a lightning bolt, and wasn't too picky about the power level being very precise or very constant, I suppose it might.
		The electrons you push in at this end repel the electrons nearest them, which move a little way down the wire, increasing the number of electrons in that part of the wire, so the electrons there are repelled, and move a little, and so forth.
	www.bautforum.com /showthread.php?t=16620 (2786 words)

	PPT Slide
		This is important because the amount of new capacity needed each year will far exceed the roughly 10 gigawatts per year that have been added over the last 10 to 15 years.
		Between 1965 and 1985, annual capacity additions averaged 24 gigawatts, with the peak in 1974, when 41 gigawatts were added.
		In the most stringent carbon-reduction case, the largest amount of capacity added in a single year is only 28 gigawatts.
	tonto.eia.doe.gov /FTPROOT/presentations/gasstrat419/sld015.htm (134 words)

	Lords Hansard text for 23 Feb 2004 (240223-02) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		To ask Her Majesty's Government what are the prospects of achieving 10 gigawatts of combined heat and power by 2010.
		Although this is a challenging target, 10 gigawatts remains achievable, and we will set out our full range of measures in the Government's strategy for CHP to 2010, which we intend to publish after the Easter Recess.
		Only 0.6 gigawatts of wind energy is available now, so it must be increased by the power of 10.
	www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk /pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds04/text/40223-02.htm (1425 words)

	Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis - fedgazette March 2001 - What's a watt? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The United States had 776 gigawatts of generating capability in 1998 and during the course of the year, those generators produced 3.6 billion megawatt-hours of electricity.
		The largest electricity generator in the United States is the Grand Coulee Dam in Washington, with a net capability of 7.1 gigawatts (7,100 megawatts).
		In the Ninth District, the largest generator is Minnesota's Sherburne coal plant with a capability of 2.3 gigawatts.
	woodrow.mpls.frb.fed.us /pubs/fedgaz/01-03/watt.cfm?js=0 (311 words)

	MAIN: Mid-America Interconnected Network (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The building of almost 4 gigawatts of new coal-fired capacity combined with increasing capacity utilization (from 57 percent in 1996 to about 80 percent in 2015) produces the increased generation.
		Gas-fired generation increases, with capacity increases of 17 gigawatts of new gas-fired combustion turbines and 9 gigawatts of combined-cycle units.
		In 2015, natural gas consumption is 0.2 quadrillion Btu higher than 1996 levels, and coal consumption is 0.2 to 0.5 quadrillion Btu higher than in 1996.
	www.eia.doe.gov /cneaf/electricity/chg_str_fuel/html/main.html (213 words)

	BC Hydro - Info - History
		For a more detailed history of BC Hydro and its predecessors told by the people who lived it, take a look at Gaslights to Gigawatts A Human History of BC Hydro and its Predecessors As told by the Power Pioneers.
		These are the countless people who dedicated their working lives to BC Hydro and, before it, to the BC Electric Company and the British Columbia Power Commission.
		This 240 page hardcover book is available from the BC Hydro Power Pioneers at a cost of $35.00 including all taxes, plus $5.00 for shipping, by telephoning: (604) 623-3768 or toll free 1-800-992-5616 or via email: power.pioneers@bchydro.com Proceeds from sales of the book will benefit the B.C.'s Children's Hospital.
	www.bchydro.com /info/history/history1027.html (940 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The files are organized by year, and each line contains day-of-year and universal time at the center of the polar pass.
		Other information provided in each record (line of the file) includes the NOAA POES satellite number, the hemisphere, an activity level index (1..10) related to the power in gigawatts, and a "normalizing factor", usually in the neighborhood of 1.0.
		The latter can serve as an indicator of the reliability of the power and activity level data--values of the normalizing factor which depart very much from 1.0 are indicators of the data being not very reliable.
	www.sel.noaa.gov /ftpdir/lists/hpi/README (382 words)

	Energy Markets: Editor's Comments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		That’s 4.5 gigawatts from a 1998 level of 97.7 gigawatts.
		Of the remaining 93.2 gigawatts of total nuclear generating capacity (net summer dependable), GRI presumes that 19.7 gigawatts will be retired by the year 2015.
		Actually, that 19.7 gigagwatts would’ve been 33.7 gigawatts of retired capacity, but notes a trend toward the nuclear facility lifetime extensions.
	www.energy-markets.com /comment/947809455.html (496 words)

	ST-v-SW.Net :: The 1.02 GW Fallacy
		From the above, it seemed pretty clear that the 200 emitter segments of the dorsal saucer array (the largest aboardship) would, when the array was fired, each direct 5.1 megawatts and join their energies together into a larger blow of 200 x 5.1 megawatts.
		Sure, there was talk of nadions, strong nuclear force liberation, nuclear disruption effects, and so on, but the simple digits of the 1.02 gigawatt figure reigned supreme as a solid, basic value that people could wrap their head around.
		And when something is amiss, who else but the opposition stands ready to leap into the fray and demand that the silliest possible solution most harmful to the other side is the correct one.
	www.st-v-sw.net /STSW102.html (707 words)

	USS Clueless - Energy scaling problems
		No matter how you calculate this, the driving factor is that 35 gigawatts is a truly huge amount of power, and anything you do at power levels of 35 gigawatts will be big and complex.
		No existing power plant generates 35 gigawatts, but there are a lot of power plants which produce 1 gigawatt, and many hydro projects produce much more than that.
		There are many others, any one of which would be enough to prevent them from operating at average power levels of 35 gigawatts soon enough to have political consequences relative to this war.
	www.denbeste.nu /cd_log_entries/2004/06/Energyscalingproblems.shtml (3844 words)

	Issues & Insights - CSCAP's NEEG: Exploring Nuclear Energy Transparency as a Regional Confidence and Security Building ...
		South Korea's nuclear capacity was 13.0 gigawatts in 2001 (its nuclear share of total electricity generation was 39 percent) and is projected to expand by 14.6 gigawatts, to 27.6 gigawatts in 2025.
		With four nuclear reactors currently under construction, China is projected to see 17.6 gigawatts expansion of nuclear capacity, from 2.2 gigawatts in 2001 to 19.6 gigawatts in 2025.
		In 2001, its nuclear share of electricity generation marked 34 percent, and its nuclear capacity is projected to increase by 8.7 gigawatts, from 43.2 gigawatts in 2001 to 51.9 gigawatts in 2005.
	www.csis.org /pacfor/issues/v03n07_chap01.cfm (4633 words)

	Planet Ark (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It expects wind power to increase five-fold in Europe by 2010 to at least 60 gigawatts, five gigawatts of which will be offshore, reducing carbon dioxide emission by 3.2 percent in 2010 compared to 1990-levels.
		Europe will by 2010 have installed at least 150 gigawatts of wind generators, a third of those at sea, the EWEA adds.
		At present windpower accounts for a tiny quarter of a percent of the worldwide generation of electricity but this share is seen growing to 1.8 percent by 2010 as the number of wind farms increase generation to 145 gigawatts.
	www.planetark.com /avantgo/dailynewsstory.cfm?newsid=11489 (529 words)

	Clubxtrem.net - 08-09 Avril "Be A DJ" (Tremplin Electro) à Angers. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Les candidats pourront s'inscrire sur le site internet de Gigawatts au www.ifrance.com/gigawatts du lundi 15 janvier 2003 au lundi 17 mars 2003 inclus.
		Le lundi 24 mars au plus tard, l'association Gigawatts appellera les candidats pour les informer de leur sélection.
		La participation au jeu-concours organisé par l'association Gigawatts, en partenariat avec la Maison des Etudiants implique l'acceptation sans réserve du présent règlement, sans possibilité de réclamation à quelque titre que ce soit.
	www.clubxtrem.net /modules/news/article.php?storyid=6198#15750 (578 words)

	Introductory Statement to the Board of Governors
		China plans to raise its total installed nuclear electricity generating capacity from the current 6.5 gigawatts to between 32 and 40 gigawatts by 2020.
		India is proposing a ten-fold increase in its nuclear capacity by 2022.
		The Russian Federation plans to raise its nuclear capacity from the current 22 gigawatts to 40—45 gigawatts by 2020, and France and Finland have more moderate plans to expand their nuclear capacity in the coming years.
	www.iaea.org /NewsCenter/Statements/2005/ebsp2005n002.html (2482 words)

	Chinese Hydropower Ambitions on the Rise
		According to Zou, further stations with a capacity exceeding 30 gigawatts would also be built in the next decade or two, in an ambitious effort by the government to boost hydroelectricity supply to cover a quarter of all Chinese energy needs.
		Even the current figure of more than 60 gigawatts of generating capacity seems not all that large compared to current individual gigaprojects under construction and being planned.
		Starting next August, four of the planned 26 power generating units, with a combined capacity of 2.8 gigawatts, will be hooked up to the nearest electricity grid.
	www.friedlnet.com /news/02102507.html (547 words)

	American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
		Although growth in electricity demand from 1999 to 2020 is projected to be slower than in the past, 393 gigawatts of new generating capacity (excluding cogenerators) is expected to be needed by 2020 to meet growing demand and to replace retiring units.
		Between 1999 and 2020, 26 gigawatts (27 percent) of current nuclear capacity and 43 gigawatts (eight percent) of current fossil-fueled capacity are expected to be retired.
		Of the 162 gigawatts of new capacity expected after 2010, 16 percent will replace retired nuclear capacity.
	www.asce.org /pressroom/publicpolicy/energy.cfm (432 words)

	Interview with Chris Rowland, Dresdner Kleinwort Benson: TWST
		What the law requires is for them to sell 15 gigawatts of capacity, which will leave them with 37 gigawatts of capacity.
		That 15 gigawatts has to be sold in three separate companies - one of 2.5 megawatts, one of 5.5 megawatts and a 7 megawatt company - to create new competitors.
		This is the way they're opening up the competitive market with a bit of freedom of choice for large users, a more competitive wholesale market generation.
	www.twst.com /notes/articles/kan100b.html (710 words)

	Gigawatts to Homes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		name John P. status other age 30s Question - Using average consumption figures, how many homes could be powered by 319.5 gigawatts of electricity.
		I am a journalist working on a story a about power plant construction in South Carolina, and am trying to give readers an idea of how much power capacity is projected to be available at the end of the year, according to the Electric Power Supply Association.
		320 gigaWatts = 320,000,000,000 W = 3.2 x 10E11 W = 3.2 x 10E8 kW would therefore power 1.6 x 10E8 homes.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/eng99/eng99151.htm (379 words)

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